2021北京城區(qū)高三英語二模閱讀D篇匯總 帶答案

城區(qū)高三讀D篇DEveryday,seemsthatsomealgorithm(算)enablescomputerstodiseaseadiseasewithunprecedentedaccuracy,renewingpredictionsthatcomputerswillsoonreplacedoctors.Whatcomputerscouldreplacepatientsaswell?virtualhumanscouldhavereplacedrealpeopleinsomestagesofcoronavirusvaccinecouldhavespeddevelopmentofapreventivetoolandslowedthepandemic.Similarly,potentialvaccinesthatweren’tlikelyworkcouldhavebeenidentifiedearly,reducingtrialcostsandavoidingtestingpoorvaccinecandidatesonlivingvolunteers.Thesearesomeofthebenefitsof"insilicomedicine",orthetestingdrugsandtreatmentsvirtualorgansbodysystemspredicthowarealpersonwillrespondtothetherapies.Themodelingbeginsbyfeedinganatomicaldatadrawnfromnoninvasive(非侵入式resolutionimagingofanindividual'sactualintoamathematicalofthemechanismsthatgovernthatorgan'sfunction.Algorithmsrunningonpowerfulcomputersresolveresultingequationsandunknowns,generatingvirtualorganthatlooksbehaveslikerealthing.Insilicoclinicaltrialsarealreadyunderwaytoextent.HeartFlowAnalysis,forinstance,enablescliniciansidentify（心?。゜asedonCTimagesofapatient'sheart.TheHeartFlowsystemusestheseimagestoconstructafluiddynamicmodelofthebloodrunningthroughthecoronarybloodvessels,therebyidentifyingabnormalconditionsandtheirseverity.Withoutthistechnology,doctorswouldneedtoperforminvasiveoperationtodecidewhetherandtointervene.Experimentingondigitalmodelsofindividualpatientscanalsohelppersonalizetherapyforanynumberofconditionssalreadydiabetescare.Thephilosophybehindsilicomedicinenotabilitytocreateandsimulatetheperformanceofobjectunderhundredsofoperatingconditionshasbeenacornerstoneofengineeringfordecades,suchfordesigningelectroniccircuits,airplanesandbuildings.Variousobstaclesremaintowidespreadimplementationinmedicalresearchanddevelopment.1

Thepredictivepowerandreliabilityofthistechnologymustbeconfirmed,andthatwillrequireseveraladvances.Thoseincludethegenerationofqualitymedicaldatabasesfromalarge,ethnicallydiversepatientbasethatbothandimprovementmathematicalmodelstoaccountforthemanyinteractingprocessestheandfurthermodificationofAImethodsthatweredevelopedmainlyforcomputerbasedspeechrecognitionandneedtoextendedtoprovidebiologicalinsights.InrecentyearsAmericanandEuropeanregulatorshaveapprovedsomecommercialofcomputer-baseddiagnostics,butmeetingregulatorydemandsrequiresconsiderabletimeandmoney.Creatingforthesecomputerbaseddiagnostictoolschallengingaswell.Insilicomedicinemustbeabledelivercost-effectivevalueforpatients,cliniciansandhealthorganizationstoacceleratetheiradoptionthetechnology.31.Accordingthe“insilicomedicine"might.A.discoverthecauseofillnessB.quickenthecreationofnewmedicineC.recognizethesymptomsofdiseaseearlierD.avoidincludingunhealthyvolunteerstrials32.WelearnfromtextthatHeartFlowAnalysis.A.workseffectivelyCADtreatmentB.offerspersonalizedtherapiestopatientsC.reducesthechancesofinvasiveoperationsD.buildsafteridentifyingabnormalconditions33.Accordingtheauthor,furtherapplicationofsilicomedicine”requires.A.timetheregulatorsB.replacementofmathematicalC.moreproofitseffectivenessanddependabilityD.progressinspeechandimagerecognitiontechnology34.ofthefollowingisthebestforthetext?A.LookingtotoEndExperimentalB.InSilicoMedicineSavedMillionsoflivesC.ExploringtheFutureofAlgorithmD.VirtualPatientsCouldRevolutionizeMedicine2

DBecausethecommercialinternethasdevelopedwithsoregardforprivacy,techcompaniesableturnpersonaldataconsiderableprofits,raisingbillionsofdollarsofftheirabilitytocollectandsellinformationabouthaswithinshoutingdistanceoftheirsoftware.Googleannouncedasteptherightdirection

-butnotahugestep,onethatstopfromcontinuingcollectimmenseamountsofpersonaldata.Atissueishowonlinecompaniestrackinternetusersastheybrowse(瀏fromsitesiteonline,typicallythroughcookies(informationthatawebsiteleavesinyourcomputersothatthewebsitewillrecognizeyouwhenyouuseagain).Themostharmfulversion,"third-party"cookies,thewebalternativeofapostingsecurityguardsacrosstheinternettomonitorwhatyoudo,evenyou'reothercompanies'sites.GoogledeclaredblogpostWednesdaythatwouldnolongeruseorsupportthird-cookies,norwouldcreateuseanyothertechnologythattracksindividualusersacrosstheweb.GiventhatGoogleisamainsupplierofonlineadvertisingtechnology,Itschangeinapproachwillimpactwide.That'snews,althoughwithhugeamountsofwarning.oftheElectronicFrontierFoundationnoted,third-partycookiesalreadyontheretreat,withAppleothermakersofpopularwebbrowsersmovingtoblockthem.Meanwhile,Google,FacebookandotherBigTechcompaniescontinuetocollectpersonalinformationinlargequantitiespeopleusetheirsitesservicesthroughpartycookiesandsimilartechniques.Theconcernsaboutpersonaldatacollectionarewhetherbeingcollectedthrough-or-partytechniques,saidMichelleRichardsonoftheCenterforTechnology.“Companiesmaytheinformationtodiscriminateamonginternetusers,offeringdifferentservicespricesdifferentusers.”Insteadofhelpingadvertiserstrackindividuals,Googlesays,isimprovingatechnologythatassignsnamelesslytolargegroupswithinterests.That'simprovement,even3

thoughittoobeatriskabusebutwhydoformoftrackingall?Privacyadvocatessay兜售cantargetedeffectivelybybasingontheatmomentnotwhereorshehasbrowsedpreviouslyonline.Ultimately,lawmakersaregoingtohavetolaydownregulationsgivingpeoplefarmorecontrolwhetherandhowpersonalinformationusedonline.Ideallythefederal(聯(lián)邦的governmentwillsetstrongflooronlineprivacyprotections,butuntilthenwillbeuptostatelawmakersorvoterstoact,asstatedonewithitsgroundbreakingonlineprivacylaws.goodtoseeGooglemoveballforward,butthere'smuchfarthertogo.31.doesunderlinedphrase"ontheretreat"inprobablymean?A.ExposedB.RemovedC.EmergingD.Fading32.canbelearnedfromdeclarationthatGoogle.AisdevelopingnewtechnologiestostopdatacollectionBrefusesworkwithtrackingprivacyC.intendsabandonitsadvertisingtechnologiesD.resolvesstopthethirdpartycookies33.Fromthepassagewecanknowthat-cookies.A.arestillcollectingpersonalinformationBareblockedbylikeC.aremainlyusedbyadvertisingcompaniesD.arelessconcerningthanthird-partycookies34.theattitudetowardsGooglesnewmove?A.islesssatisfactorythanexpected.B.needstomoreforcefuleffective.C.Itwillacceleratedisappearanceofcookies.D.Ithasdriventonewregulations.DAn8-yearoldboyIknowissmallforhisage,shorterandslighterthanhisfriends,4

evensmallerthanhis5-year-oldsister.Concernedabouttheincreasinguseandpossiblerisksofgrowthhormone(生激素Iaskedhismothershe’dconsideredtreatinghimwithreplied,“Notreally.’sbuiltlikehisfather,whowasshortandslightboydidn’tshootupuntilcollege.Hisfather,41,nowfeetthoughveryslender.Herecallsbeingareasonablyathleticchildbutwithoutthephysicalpowerofhisfriends,forwhathelackedinmasswithspeedandagility.“Ienjoyedcompetitivesportsandworkedonskillsothersdidn’thave,”hetoldme,andsaidheencourageshissontorecognizeandcapitalizeontheskillshehas.Ifonlyeveryparentashortbuthealthychildapproachedthematterassensibly.Expertsestimatethatto80%ofchildrenwhoareshortfortheiragedonothaveagrowthhormonedeficiency(缺orothermedicalconditionthatlimitsgrowth.Butknowingthere’satherapyavailabletoincreaseheight,someparentsseekamedicalsolutionforaperceivedproblem,whenthereisnomedicalabnormality.Theyshouldalsoknow,however,thatnewresearchhaslinkedgrowthhormonetreatmenttoseriousunfavorablehealtheffectsyearslater.Dr.AddaGrimberg,adoctoratChildrenHospitalofPhiladelphia,recalledthat“Twentyyearsago,familieswerefocusedonhealth.Theycamewithchildwhowasnotgrowingrightandwantedtoknowifthereanunderlyingdisease.moreandmore,focusedheight.Theygrowthhormone,lookingforaspecificheight.Butthisisnotlikeonlineshopping;youcanjustplaceanorderandmakeachildtheheightyouwant.”In2003,theFoodandDrugAdministrationapproveduseofrecombinanthumangrowthhormonefortheconditionknownas“idiopathicshortstature”,orshortbuildunknowncause,notadisease.ithascausedagrowingnumberofparentstoconsiderusingthehormonetoboosttheheightoftheirchildren.Theresultingtotherapyreflectsconcernsaboutawidespreadsocietalbias(

偏見)againstshortness,ratherthantruemedicalneed.Expertshavenotedthatthe5

practicebacksupthebeliefthatshortstatureisunacceptable,leadingtoincreasingdemandfortherapy.Itisfarbetter,Grimbergsuggested,toshortchilddevelopcopingskillsthantobuyinchesthroughmedicine.31.Asfortheparentsattitudetotheir8-year-shortness,theauthoris______.A.criticalB.tolerantC.supportiveD.worried32.Howmanyparentstodayreacttheirchildren’sshortness?A.areeagertotheexpectedresult.B.Theysparenosortoutthecause.C.feeldisturbedtheirchildren’shealth.D.helpdeveloptheirchildren’scopingskills.33.welearnaboutthegrowthhormonetreatment?A.mightbeofficiallyrecommended.B.Itmayfueldiscrimination.C.Itisbymedicalneed.D.istargetedatcertaindiseases.34.wouldbethebestforpassage?A.ShowertheShortwithGrowthHormonesB.FindforGrowthHormonesC.AssesstheEffectsofGrowthHormonesD.theUseofGrowthHormonesDABridgeLinkingArtandtheAccordingtoareport,peopleaged16and24makeaboutpercentofpopulationbutpercentgoers.Similarly,peopleagedover35gohalfasmuch6

asyouwouldexpectfromtheirpopulationsize.Wehavereachedthepointofrecognisingthedisconnectionbetweenartandtheaudiencebuthavenyetdeterminedhowtobridgethegap.answerstotacklingthischallengelieintellingagreaterdiversityofarthistoriesandcommunicatingthesestoriesinmoreaccessibleways.In2018,radiocalledMatterswasstartedwiththeaimofdiscussingartfromapop-cultureviewpointwithtopicsthatengageyoungerandmorediverseaudience.Itanaccessiblepathwaytoarthistorywithconversationsondifferenttopics.Arthistoryisaboutstorytelling;artcontentshineswhenthereefforttobringaudiencealongforthediscussion.Moretraditionalinstitutionsarepayingattention.RecentlytheGettyissueda-challengeforpeopletorecreatepaintingsusingitemstheyhadathome.Usersdisplayedincrediblecreativity,andthemuseumwasfloodedwithsubmissions.Thisreactionprovesthatthereapotentialdesireforaudiencewitharttopicsifformatappealing.Sincepeoplefeelintimidatedandthinkthatthere’sabaseunderstandingrequiredtojointheconversation,theGettyinitiativeservesasreminderthattherearepathwaystoengagingwithAnotherresultofGettychallengewastheexposuregivendiversityofartworks.famousoperasingerPeterBrathwaite,forexample,madescoresofattractiverecreationshighlightingcenturiesofpaintings.HiseffortstheideatherewerenotmanyhistoricalpaintingsofblackItisextremelyimportantthatwedoabetterjobofshowingtheanddiversethatarerepresentedinSocialmediahaveofferedplatformforpeoplewhonottraditionallyhadaseatatthetable.AnyonecanrecogniseagapinthefieldandaddressAccountshavegatheredtensofthousandsfollowers.aretheproofthattherehungerhearthesehistories,andthesethemesworkbrilliantlyformuseumprogramming.Butthereisonlysomuchthatcanbedonewithoutthemuseumsandgallerieschangingmeaningfullyfromwithin.Weneedtoseeabetterbalanceofthesestoriesrepresentedinpermanentcollections.Weamuchwiderdiversityofpeopleandinterestsrepresentedonboard.Ensuringthatart—andwritingandtalkingaboutart—isabletocontinueontherising7

generationofstorytellers,insideandoutsideofinstitutions,gettingthefundingandsupportneedtopaintabrighterpictureforpart.31.challengeistheauthortryingtackle?A.Peopledoubtagreatdiversityofartworks.

B.fewerpeoplegotomuseums.C.Artappearstoodistantfromaudience.D.Adultaudiencehasadifferentunderstandingart.32.doesunderlined“intimidated”inParagraphprobablyA.Tired.B.Worried.C.Annoyed.D.Surprised.33.Inauthor’sopinion,themuseumsandgalleriesshould________.A.thehistorystoriesaccessibletraditionalwayB.meaningfullyactivitiesliketheGettychallengeC.limitthenumberofstorytellersinandoutofinstitutionsD.improvethepermanentcollectionsbyaddingartworks34.Weconcludefromthepassagethataudience________.A.lackschannelstounderstandandtalkaboutarthistoryB.preferstoviewartworksandhearartstoriesonsocialmediaC.feelssatisfiedwithpeopleinterestsrepresentedboardD.refusestoengagewithdiversearttopicsandarthistorystoriesDAmedicalcapsulerobotisasmall,oftenpillsizeddevicethatcandoplanned8

insidebodyafterswallowedorsurgicallyinserted.Mostmodelsusewirelesselectronicsorcombinationofthetocontrolthemovementofcapsule.Suchdeviceshavebeenequippedcamerastoobservationanddiagnosis,withsensorsthat"feel,"andwithmechanicalneedlesthatadministerdrugs.Butinpractice,BiomechatronicsengineerPietroValdastrihasthatdevelopingcapsulemodelsfromscratch(從開始)iscostly,timeconsumingandrequiresadvancedskills.“Theproblemwaswetodothemfromscratchevery”,saidValdastrianinterview.“Andotherresearchgroupswereredevelopingthosesamemodulesfromscratchwhichdidnmakesense.Sincemostthecapsuleshavethesamepartscomponents:amicroprocessor,communicationsubmodules,anenergysource,sensors,andactuators(致器,Valdastrihisteamthemodularplatformwhichthepiecesworkinconcertcaninterchangedease.TheyalsodevelopedaflexibleboardonwhichthecomponentpartsaresnappedinlikeLegos.Theboardcanbefoldedofthecapsule,downaboutmm.Additionally,theycompiled(編)alibraryofthatdesignerscouldchoosefrom,enablinghundredsofdifferentcombinations.TheyarrangedallinafreeonlinesystemDesignerscantaketheavailabledesignsoradapttotheirspecificneeds.“Insteadofredevelopingallthemodulesfromscratch,peoplewithlimitedtechnologicalexperienceuseourtobuildcapsulerobotsclinicalandalsofocusontheirinnovation,Valdastrisaid.Now,theteamdesignedcapsuleequippedwithsurgicaltostopinternalbleeding.ResearchersatScotland'sroyalinfirmaryofEdinburghavealsoexpressedinterestinusingthesystemacrawlingcapsulethattakesofcolon(結(jié)腸.Oneresearchgroup,byprofessorsattheInstituteofDigestiveDiseasetheChineseUniversityofHongKong,ismakingaswimmingcapsuleequippedwithacamerathatpushesitselfthroughthestomach.OnelimitationofValdastri'ssystemisthatit'sonlyfordesigningmodels.Researcherscanconfirmtheir假)andfirstdesignusingtheplatform,butwilltomovetoacustomapproachtodeveloptheircapsulesfurtherandmakethempracticalforclinicaluse.9

32.Accordingthepassage,Valdastriandhiscreatedplatform.A.adoptthelatesttechnologiesB.maketheirrobotsdreamcometrueC.helpspecializedcapsulerobotsD.dopreciserobservationdiagnosis33.doesunderlinedphrase"workinconcert”inPara.A.PerformB.Runindependently.C.Carrystepstep.D.Actinacooperativeway.34.belearntfromthepassage?A.Valdastri'ssystemcanprovideacompletecapsulecreation.B.platformmoreusefulapproach.C.capsulescanmovehuman'sbodyautomatically.D.costsmorethecapsulesontheboard.房山DTheworldclimbsinpopulationeveryyear,newparentsentertheworkforcedaily.widevarietyofideaschangeandadaptpeopletrytofigureoutwhatthe“besttakeonparentingSadly,someparentingtechniqueshavedisastrouseffects.Atechniquethatleadstoadifficultlifebyloweringconfidencechildrennegativeparenting.Negativeparentingtactics,suchaslecturing,complaining,yes,insultingcanhaveaseriouseffectonyourchild’sbehaviorandactivitieslateroninlife.Clearly,beinginsultedandlecturedmultipletimesadaybyauthorityfigurecangreatlyaffectchild’sconfidencegoingintoadulthood.’snotsurprisinghardlyapttoactivelyseekoutthecompanionshipofothers.Instead,hisnegativefeelingstowardhimselfcultivateafeelingofunworthinessaroundotherchildren.Whilenegativeparentingcanaffectachild’smentalstate,helicopterparentingresultsinillpreparedchildreninangrowingcompetitiveworld.Ahelicopterparentisoverlyinvolvedintheofhisorchild.Childrencannotregulatetheiremotionsandbehavioreffectively10

arelikelytohaveahardertimefriendstostruggleschool.Anotherproblemchildrenwithhelicopterparentsmayhaveinthefutureismanagingtheirhealth.allofthisinformationintoaccount,helicopterparentingdoesn’tallowthechildindependent,sooncethechildgrownuporshewillnotbeabletomakeadecisionbyhimselforherself.Onthesideofspectrum,permissiveparentingleavesachildundisciplinedforThisstyleofparentingaveryloosestructurerules;theparentsusuallyshowalotofaffectionlovefortheirchildren.Therefore,permissiveparentingatypeofparentingstylecharacterizedbylowdemandswithhighresponsiveness.Becauseparentsexpectationsoftheirchildren,andwanttobefriendsratherthanparents,kidssufferbecauseofalackofachievementandmotivationtodowellinwhattheydo.Therefore,childrenhaveworse-andcannotfollowrules.Thesearefundamentalconceptsthatshouldbetaughtatyoungagetoprepareforadulthood.Ifdoneacertainway,effectsfromparentinghurtanadolescentintoadultyears.Overall,parentingreallydoesaffecthowchildrengrowandadapttotheirworld.parentingtechniquesleadtomajorproblemsthatinadulthood.Thenewparentstheworldoughttobecarefulhowtheytheirchildren.31.mighttheinfluenceonchildbynegativeparenting?A.Affectingchild’smentalstate.B.Improvingachildconfidence.C.Cultivatingchildworthiness.D.Lookingforthecompanionshipofothersactively.32.dohelicopterparentsusuallydo?A.ExpecttoomuchoftheirchildC.Makemanydecisionsfortheirchild.wants.

B.theirchildtomanagehealth.D.Allowtheirchildtodowhateverhe33.doesauthorthinkof-controland-discipline?A.Punishing.

B.Suffering.

C.Permissive.D.Essential.11

34.theofauthor’swritingthepassage?A.Tomakecomparisonofparentingstylesonchildren.B.Tohighlighttheimportanceofparentingstylesonchildren.C.Tosharethelatestdefinitionsofparentingstylesonchildren.D.Toinformthereadersofnewparentingstyleschildren.順義DInthe1990s,apsychologistMartinSeligmanthepositivepsychologymovementwhichplacedthestudyhumanhappinesssquarelyatthecenterofpsychologyresearchandtheory.Sincethen,thousandsofstudiesandhundredsofhavepublishedwiththeofincreasingwell-andhelpingpeopleleadmoresatisfyinglives.Butforover40years,-reportedmeasuresofhappinesshavestayedstagnant(停的).Sucheffortstoimprovehappinesshavebeenanineffectiveattempttoswimagainstthetide,asmayactuallybeprogrammedtodissatisfiedmostofthetime.Whyaren'thappier?Parttheproblemisthathappinessisn'tjustonething.Hecht,aphilosopherwhostudiesthehistoryhappiness,proposesthatweallexperiencedifferenttypesofhappiness,whicharenotnecessarilycomplementarytypesofhappinessconflictwithoneanother.Inotherwords,havingtoomuchofonetypeofhappinessmayweakenabilityloenoughoftheothers.Forexample,asatisfyinglifeisbuildonasuccessfulcareerandagoodmarriage.Ittakesaofworkandoftenrequirescullingbuckmanyoflife'spleasures.meanswecan'tspendonepleasantlazydayaftera