Optimizing Downhole Packer-Type Separators (井下封隔式分離器的優(yōu)化)

OptimizingDownholePacker-TypeSeparators井下封隔式分離器的優(yōu)化J.N.McCoy,O.L.Rowlan,EchometerCompanyLPodio,UniversityofTexasatAustinJim@PackerTypeGasSeparators

封隔式氣體分離器

AnewtypeofPackerTypeSeparatorisdescribed.新式封隔式分離器簡介AcomparisoninseparatorperformancebetweendifferentPackerTypeSeparatorsisgiven.不同封隔式分離器性能對比AcomparisonbetweenPackerTypeSeparatorsandNaturalGasSeparatorsisshown.封隔式分離器與天然氣分離器對比SpecialusesandfeaturesofthenewPackerTypeSeparatoraredescribed.新式封隔式分離器特殊用途及特點(diǎn)2GasSeparatorLiquidCapacityisBasedontheFollowingPrinciple:

氣體分離器液體容量基于以下原理1/4INCHDIAMETERGASBUBBLESFLOWUPWARDINOILORWATERATARATEOFAPPROXIMATELY6INCHESPERSECOND.THUS,GASBUBBLESWILLBERELEASEDFROMALIQUIDCOLUMNIFTHEDOWNWARDLIQUIDVELOCITYISLESSTHAN6INCHESPERSECOND.直徑為?英寸的氣泡在油或者水中以大約6英寸每秒的速度向上流動。于是氣泡將從液柱中釋放出來，如果井下液體流速小于6英寸每秒。ALIQUIDCOLUMNHAVINGANAREAOF1SQUAREINCHTRAVELLINGAT6INCHESPERSECONDISAFLOWRATEOF50BPD.一個截面為1平方英寸以6英寸每秒的速度流動，其流量為50BPDDownholeGasSeparatorPrincipleofOperation井下氣體分離器工作原理3Theouterpipecanbethecasingortheouterbarrelofagasseparator.Theinnertubeistheinlettothepump.外管可以看做套管或氣體分離器外筒，內(nèi)管是泵的入口NaturalGasSeparator

天然氣分離器Themostefficientdownholegasseparatorslocatethepumpintakebelowthelowestgasentrypoint.最有效率的井下氣體分離器把泵入口設(shè)置在最低進(jìn)氣點(diǎn)下面。Gasisnotpulleddowntothepumpperforationsunlesstheliquidvelocityisgreaterthan6inchesperseconddownward.氣體不會被拉向泵射孔，除非液體向下的速度大于6英寸每秒。Maximumcapacityisobtainedusingcasingannulus.使用套管環(huán)空可以獲得最大容量。4套管套管射孔氣錨射孔座節(jié)油管含氣液柱不含氣液體從套管射孔到錨射孔至少8英尺ConcentricPackerTypeGasSeparator

同心封隔式氣體分離器AconcentricpackertypegasseparatoroffersadditionalliquidandgascapacitiesoverPoorBoytypegasseparators.同心封隔式氣體分離器具有更大的液體氣體容量。Notethattheseatingnippleislocatedimmediatelyabovethepackerinthisseparatorsystemsoadiptubeisnotneeded.在這款分離器系統(tǒng)里座節(jié)緊挨著位于封隔器上面，因此不需要液面探測管。Somepackertypeseparatorsuseadiptubeintheinnerportionoftheseparatorandlocatethepumpabovetheseparator.有些封隔式分離器在分離器內(nèi)部使用液面探測管，此外，泵放置在分離器上方。PageOilTools19575油管襯筒聯(lián)軸器套管分離器封隔器強(qiáng)制流油氣分離器同心襯筒GasSeparatorDesign

氣體分離器的設(shè)計

TopCollar上接箍BottomCollar下接箍FormationFluidOutlet地層流體出口

PumpSeatingNipple座節(jié)PumpInlets泵入口Fluidsfromtheformationflowupwardtothegasseparatorandthenflowthroughaconcentricannulustoanoutletatthetopoftheseparatorwhichdischargesononesideintothecasingannulus.流體從地層向上流入氣體分離器，通過同心環(huán)空到達(dá)分離器頂部的出口，流體從出口的向套管環(huán)空一側(cè)排出。Thegasrisesandtheliquidfallsinthecasingannulus.在套管環(huán)空里，氣體上升，而液體下落。Pumpinletislocatedatbottomofthegasseparatorcausingthepressuredropfromtheliquidatthebottomoftheseparatortothepumpinlettobenegligible.泵入口位于氣體分離器底部，這使從分離器底部到泵入口的液體壓降可忽略不計。DiverterCupsorapackerortailpipewithpackerislocatedbelowtheSeparatortoforceformationfluidsintotheseparator.分流杯、封隔器或者帶封隔器的尾管位于分離器下面，引導(dǎo)地層流體進(jìn)入分離器Casing套管DivertercupsorPackerorStinger分流杯/封隔器6PumpisAboveSeparator

泵在分離器上面Differences:差異Thepumpislocatedabovethe39feetlongseparator.泵位于39英尺長分離器上面。Theliquidthatisinthecasingannulussurroundingtheseparatorflowsfromthecasingannulusupward40feettothepumpinlet.Theliquidflowratevariesfrom0in/secduringthepumpdownstroketoapproximately3timestheplungervelocityorabout240in/secduringthemidportionoftheupstroke.在套管環(huán)空內(nèi)包圍分離器的液體從套管環(huán)空向上流動40英尺進(jìn)入泵進(jìn)水口。液體的流速變動，從在泵的下沖程時的0英寸/秒提高到在上沖程中部時的柱塞速度即約240英寸/秒。ThePortedCouplinghas73/16inchflowpathsfortheformationfluids.帶孔聯(lián)軸器為地層流體提供73/16英寸的流通途徑。7外管上的槽縫內(nèi)管密封聯(lián)軸器封隔器帶孔聯(lián)軸器PumpisAbove40FeetLongSeparator

泵在40英尺長分離器上

Differences:差異Thepumpislocatedabovetheseparator.泵位于分離器上面。Theliquidthatisinthecasingannulussurroundingtheseparatorflowsfromthecasingannulusupward40feettothepumpinlet.套管環(huán)空內(nèi)包圍分離器的液體從套管環(huán)空向上流動40英尺進(jìn)入泵進(jìn)水口。Bafflesarelocatedintheseparatorannulustobreakemulsions.Thebaffleswillcauseapressuredropallowingadditionalsolutiongastobereleasedfromtheoil.擋板位于分離器環(huán)空，分解乳狀液，擋板造成壓降使額外的溶解氣體從油內(nèi)釋放出來。TypicalPlungerPositionandVelocityandRate

典型柱塞位置、速度和流量VelocityPositionMaximumplungervelocityis80inches/secondandthemaximumdisplacementrateis1258BPD(fora1?inchplunger).最大柱塞速度為80英寸/秒，最大輸送速率為1258桶/天（為1.5英寸的柱塞）Withdrawingliquidatahighratefromthecasingannulustoapumplocated40feetabovemaycauseconsiderablepressuredropintheliquidthatwillreleasegasandproducefoam.從套管環(huán)空高速抽取液體進(jìn)入上面40英尺高度的泵可能導(dǎo)致液體大幅度壓降，從而釋放出氣體或產(chǎn)生泡沫。9速度位置運(yùn)行時間柱塞（泵）速度（英寸/秒）柱塞位置（英寸）5Seconds第五秒10Seconds第十秒15Seconds第15秒20Seconds第二十秒Start開始Theproblemofgasintheliquidastheliquidentersthepumpmaybethecreationofsmallgasbubblesfromthepressuredropofliquidinthediptubeastheoiltravelsfromthecasingtothepumpinlet.當(dāng)液體進(jìn)入泵時含氣液體可能導(dǎo)致當(dāng)油從套管進(jìn)入泵進(jìn)水口時液面探測管中由于液體壓降產(chǎn)生小氣泡10Dataon27Wells–66tests27口油井66次測試數(shù)據(jù)

CobraOilandGas–Thanks

Cobra石油天然氣公司ImportantAnalysisFactors重要的分析因素CobraOilandGasPackerTypeSeparator封隔式分離器12Feb.17–20,2013ImportantAnalysisFactors重要分析因素CobraPackerTypeSeparator封隔式分離器13OtherPumpFillageFactors

泵的其他填注因素

VariableDiameterPumpBarrel泵筒直徑不同Hole/HolesinPumpBarrel泵筒上有孔洞HighClearancePlunger高間隙柱塞Theseconditionswillfillthepumpchamber

butgenerallylowerthetotalproductionrate這些條件將填充泵柱塞但通常會降低總的生產(chǎn)率PumpAnalysisandSurfaceProduction

泵分析和地面產(chǎn)量15SeparatorEvaluationGraph分離器評估曲線圖Slide16Paper#?PaperTitle?PresenterNamePackerandNaturalGasSeparatorsPerformance封隔器和天然氣分離器性能Slide17Paper#?PaperTitle?PresenterNameGasSeparatorIneffective氣體分離器無效運(yùn)行GasSeparatorEffective氣體分離器有效運(yùn)行PortedCouplingSeparatorPerformanceSlide18Paper#?PaperTitle?PresenterNameComparisonofPortedCouplingandSeatingNippleSeparatorsSlide19Paper#?PaperTitle?PresenterNameNaturalGasSeparators

天然氣分離器Vs.封隔式分離器

Packer-TypeSeparators

SeparationPrinciplesareDifferent

分離原理不同Packer-TypeSeparator:封隔式分離器WellboreOilpressureisdecreasingreleasingverysmallgasbubbles井眼油壓下降時釋放非常小的氣泡NaturalGasSeparator:天然氣分離器WellboreOilpressureisincreasingandsmallgasbubblesaredissolvedintotheoil井眼壓力上升時小氣泡溶解到石油中PackerType封隔式Natural自然式

Packer-TypeSeparatorConfigurations

封隔式分離器的配置Alloftheformationfluidmustbedirectedintothebottomoftheseparatortopassthroughtheseparatorandbedischargedoutofthetopoftheseparator.Thenthedischargedliquidinthecasingannulusfallstothepumpinletandthegasflowsupward.所有地層流體必須引入分離器底部通過分離器在分離器頂部排出。套管環(huán)空中排出的液體落入泵進(jìn)水口，而氣體向上流動。Theflowcanbedirectedthroughtheseparatorusinga: Packer，DiverterCupsandTailPipewithpacker可使用一下設(shè)備把液流引入分離器：封隔器、分流杯、帶尾管的分離器。Allinstallationsmusthaveoneofthediverterdevicestoforcetheformationfluidsupwardthroughtheseparatorandoutofthetopoftheseparator.所有的設(shè)備都必須有一種分流裝置迫使地層流體向上通過分離器在其頂部排出SPE-164510-MSPerformanceofPackerTypeSeparatorsJamesN.McCoy22SeparatorwithPacker分離器與封隔器ThePackerTypeSeparatorrequiresaPackerbelowtheseparatororsometypeofdevicetodirecttheformationfluidflowfrombelowtheseparatorintothebottomoftheseparator.封隔式分離器要求配套一個封隔器或某種設(shè)備引導(dǎo)地層流體從分離器下面進(jìn)入分離器底部。套管油管氣體分離器封隔器DiverterCupAssembly分流杯組件上陽螺紋連接分流杯分流杯松動安裝可以在油管上自由滑動下陽螺紋連接SeparatorWithDiverterCupsandTubingAnchor分離器與分流杯和油管錨Divertercupsmaybeusedtodirecttheflowofformationfluidsintotheseparator.Thetubinganchorpreventstubingmovementandopensthepassageforthedivertercups.分流杯用于引導(dǎo)地層流體進(jìn)入分離器。油管錨防止油管運(yùn)動并為分流杯打開通道。套管油管氣體分離器分流杯油管錨PackerWithTailPipe

帶尾管的封隔器CasingTubingGasSeparatorPackerTailPipeThetailpipewithpackerconfigurationisveryeffectiveandwillincreaseproductioninawellwhenthepumpissetaconsiderabledistanceabovetheformation.ThetailpipereducesthepressurerequiredtopushtheformationfluidstothepumpsoalowerPBHPexists.帶尾管的封隔器配置十分有效，當(dāng)泵放置在地層以上相當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)的距離，它可以能提高油井產(chǎn)量。尾管減少推動地層流體進(jìn)入泵所需壓力。因此出現(xiàn)一個較低的生產(chǎn)井底壓力。套管油管氣體分離器封隔器尾管TailPipeReducesProducingBottomholePressure尾管減少生產(chǎn)井底壓力PIP=100psiSlide27HorizontalwellscancauseproblemswithArtificialLiftduetothenatureoftheflow.Thesewellstendtoheadalotwhenplacedonartificiallift.Backinthe80swhenwewereGasLiftingtheAustinChalkwellswenoticedthatifwerantailpipearoundthecornerofahorizontalwellbelowthepacker,wecouldevenouttheflowofthesewells.Usingthistechnique,youshouldhavenoproblemsnomatterthetypeofArtificialLiftyouuse.

由于液流的性質(zhì)，水平井使用人工舉升可導(dǎo)致問題。當(dāng)施加人工舉升時，這些水平井趨向前移很遠(yuǎn)。在80年代，當(dāng)我們對奧斯汀白堊層油井進(jìn)行人工舉升時，我們注意到如果我們在水平井封隔器以下的角落周邊使用尾管，井內(nèi)的液流甚至?xí)鞒鰜?。采用這個技術(shù)，無論你使用哪種人工舉升，都沒有問題。

Jler@ 2/5/2013潛力（美國石油工程師協(xié)會）連接PackerWithTailPipeandCheckValve

帶尾管和止回閥的封隔器

CasingTubingGasSeparatorPackerTailPipeInwellsthatslug,thecheckvalvewillcollectthefluidsthatflowabovethecheckvalvewhichwillreducetheproducingbottomholepressureandalsoresultinlongersettlingtimesfortheformationsfluidsthatareabovethecheckvalvetoseparatebeforetheliquidentersthepump.在段塞油井中，止回閥收集在它上面的流體，如此減小生產(chǎn)井底壓力并導(dǎo)致更長的地層流體下沉?xí)r間。地層流體在進(jìn)入泵前，在止回閥上分流。套管油管氣體分離器封隔器止回閥尾管PackerwithCheckValve

封隔器帶止回閥

Acheckvalvecanbeusedwithwellsthattendtoflowinslugstoincreaseproductionandseparatorperformance.止回閥適用于段塞油井中，可以增加產(chǎn)量和提高分離器性能。Acheckvalvecanbeusediftheoperatorwantstoinsurethatthepackerisset.Liquidcanbepumpeddownthecasingannulustocheckpackerseal.如果操作員想確保封隔器安裝，可以適用止回閥。液體可以往下泵送到套管環(huán)空檢查封隔器密封。Acheckvalvecanbeusedwiththedivertercupstoinsurethatthewaterinjecteddownthecasingannuluswhilethecupsareabovethestaticliquidlevelwillfullylubricatethecups.可利用止回閥和分流杯來確保往下注入到套管環(huán)空的水可以充分潤滑在靜態(tài)液面以上分流杯。套管油管氣體分離器封隔器止回閥Slide30Whenalinerisusedintheportionofthewellthatisc