汽車專業(yè)英語(北京郵電大學(xué)出版社)Unit8ppt

汽車專業(yè)英語PartOneListeningSectionADirections:Picturerecognition.Youwillhear6statements,foreachstatement,pleaserecognizewhichpicturethestatementisreferringto.PartOneListening(E)1.Thecityispolluted(A)2.Weneedfreshair(C)3.excessiveuseofenergy(F)4.Toxicgas(D)5.Manycarsinthecity(B)6.Don’tknowhowtodealwiththepollutedgasPartOneListeningSectionBDirections:Listenandpractice.Listentothedialogues,fillinthemissinginformation,andpracticethemwithyourpartner.Dialoge1Customer:Hello!Repairman:Hi!Customer:Theremustbesomethingwrongwithmycar.Repairman:Whatisthematter?Customer:Mycarcannotgostraight.PartOneListeningRepairman:Oh,itisnotabigdeal.Customer:Isiteasytosolvetheproblem?Repairman

:Itisnotsodifficult.Maybetherearesomeproblemswiththealignment

ofyourcar.Iwillcheckitbyourwheelalignerandmakesome

adjustment.Customer:Ok,willittakealongtime?Repairman:Notalongtime.Customer:Ok,callmeafteritisdone.Repairman:Ok.PartOneListeningDialoge2Gordon:IseeyourbosslentyouhisnewBuickSLX,howdoesithandle?Molly:Ithandlesgreat.Gordon:Istillhavetoridemybicycletowork.Molly

:I'mgladI'mnotinyourshoes.Gordon:DoestheSLXhavepowersteeringtoo?Molly

:Ofcourse.Doesyourbicycle?Gordon:Ofcoursenot.Isitasafecar?Molly:AtBuicktheyalwayssay,"safetyfirst."Itevenhasairbags.Gordon:Mybikecouldhaveairbags.Molly:Onlyifyoucarriedtheminyourbookbag.Youshouldreallybuyacar.Gordon:Carsaregettingmoreaffordable.Molly:That'sthespirit.PartOneListeningSectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassage.Afterthat,completethe4incompletestatements.Thepassagewillbereadtwice.ListencarefullyandchoosethecorrectanswerfromthechoicesmarkedA,B,andCgiven.1.“They”inline2refersto_________.A.trafficsignsandsignals.B.pavementmarkings.C.trafficcontroldevices.PartOneListening2.“Pedestrians”means_________.A.PassengersB.walkersC.passerby3.Tomakeyourdriving,oneshouldfollow__________.A.trafficsignalsonlyB.pavementmarkingsonlyC.BothAandB4._________maydirecttrafficduringaheavytraffic.A.trafficpoliceB.pedestriansC.trafficsignalsPartOneListeningTrafficsigns,signalsandpavementmarkingsarecalledtrafficcontroldevices.Theyaresetuptocontroltheflowoftraffic.Propercontroloftrafficmakesstreetsandhighwayssaferformotorists,bicyclistsandpedestrians.Tobeasafedriver,youmustwatchforandobeyalltrafficsignals,signs,andpavementsmarkings.Duringheavytrafficorinanemergency,anofficermaydirecttraffic.Atrafficofficercanoverruletrafficsignals.Hisordersordirectionsmustalwaysbeobeyed.PartTwoConversationsOliver,asalesman,isservingMr.Newmanandhiswife.Hedoesn’taskthemtosignacontractafterhisexplanationbecauseheisafraidoftheirrefusal.Now,LiZhicomesover.奧利佛是一位銷售員，他正在為紐曼先生服務(wù)。由于他害怕遭到拒絕，介紹完車子后他沒有要求紐曼先生簽合同。這時(shí)李致走了過來。(L—LiZhi,N—Mr.Newman,O—Mr.Oliver)（L—李致，N—紐曼先生，O—奧利佛）PartTwoConversationsL :

Hello,Mr.andMrs.Newman.Wouldyoumindafewwordsofminebeforeyourleaving?你們好，紐曼先生和夫人。您不介意在我離開之前讓我講幾句吧。N :

Ofcoursenot.當(dāng)然不。L :

I’mOliver’smanager.I’vebeenwatchinghispromotionandIthinkhehasdoneagoodjob,doyouthinkso?我是奧利佛的經(jīng)理，我一直在觀察他的促銷。我覺得他做得很好，您怎么看，先生？PartTwoConversationsN :

Yes,Itakeyourpoint.Ithinkhewillbeoneofyourbestsalesmenifhisexplanationismoreinteresting.是的，我同意您的看法。我認(rèn)為如果他的介紹更有趣的話，他會成為您手下最好的銷售員之一。L :

IthinkthatwesharethesameopinionthatOliverlacksofcourageandconfidence.我認(rèn)為我們的看法一致。奧利佛缺乏信心和勇氣。N :

Yeah,Ithinkso.是的，我也這么想。PartTwoConversationsL:Infact,helackssomuchthathedidn’taskyoutosignacontract.IfImeanwrong,I’dlikeyoutopointthemout.ButIbelieveyou’reveryinterestedinbuyingourcar,right?實(shí)際上，他缺乏的太多了，以至于他沒有要求您簽合同。要是我說錯(cuò)了，請指教。但我相信您對我們的車很感興趣，對吧？N:Yes,butI’llthinkitover.是的，但我要考慮考慮。PartTwoConversationsL:Allright.Asanoutlooker,Icanseeyouhopetobuyone,andOliveralsohopesyoubuy,Oliver,right?可以。作為一名旁觀者，我看得出您希望買一輛車子，并且奧利佛也希望您這樣做，是吧，奧利佛？O:Yes,sir.是的，先生。L:Verywell,Oliver.Isuggestyoushouldfilltheorderformrightnow.很好，奧利佛。我建議你現(xiàn)在就把訂單填好，開始吧。PartThreeReadingTextAComfortandConvenientEquipment

Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,moreandmoreadvancedtechnologyisappliedtotheautomobile.Thatmakesourlifeintheautomobilemorecomfortableandconvenient.

Everythingcanbedoneeasilywithasingletouch,whenthesedanisequippedwithpowerwindows,powersunroof,powerexteriorsmirrors,powerdoorlockincludingremotekeylessentryandengineimmobilizer.Itseemsthateverythingisautomatic.PartThreeReadingwiththedevelopmentof

隨著…..的發(fā)展technology

技術(shù)beappliedto

應(yīng)用于…..remote

遙遠(yuǎn)的entry

進(jìn)入immobilizer

防盜鎖止系統(tǒng)filtration

過濾constant

不變的entertainment

娛樂cinematic

電影院般的NewwordsPartThreeReadingTranslation舒適配置隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，越來越多的技術(shù)運(yùn)用于汽車。這使車內(nèi)的生活更舒適、更便利。裝備了電動車門、電動天窗、電動后視鏡、電動門鎖（包括遙控鑰匙系統(tǒng)）、發(fā)動機(jī)防盜系統(tǒng)的車輛，只要輕輕一按，一切都能輕松完成。似乎每件事情都可以自動完成。帶過濾器的空調(diào)可自動調(diào)節(jié)車內(nèi)溫度，確保車內(nèi)空氣清新。車內(nèi)若沒有音響系統(tǒng)會很遜色。車內(nèi)通常配有調(diào)幅、調(diào)頻收音機(jī)及附有四個(gè)高質(zhì)量的揚(yáng)聲器的CD音響系統(tǒng)。有些還配有后座娛樂裝置（帶DVD系統(tǒng)）可以使人享受電影院般的電影和音樂。PartThreeReadingTextB

Pre-reading:1.Whatistheprioritywhenyoubuyanewcar?

2.Whatarethebenefitsoftheelectriccars?PartThreeReading

Naturerequiredmorethan200millionyearstodevelopalloftheoilbelowtheearth’ssurface.Mankindrequiredjust200yearstoconsumehalfofthat.Ifcurrentratesofconsumptioncontinue,theU.S.DepartmentofEnergysaystheworld’sremainingresourcesofconventionaloilwouldbeexhaustedin40years.OwingaFuel-efficientCarPartThreeReadingAbout60percentoftheoiltheworldconsumespowerstransportationvehicles,andhalfgoestopassengercarsandlighttrucks.Transportationaccountsfortwo-thirdsofAmerica’spetroleumuse.In2005,Americadependedonimportsfor55percentofitsoil,thehighestpercentageever.Inthepast,thedependenceonoilhashadaprofoundeffectontheU.S.economy.Eachmajoroilpriceshockofthepast30yearswasfollowedbyaneconomicrecessionintheUnitedStates.PartThreeReading

What’smore,transportationvehiclesproducemostofthekeychemicalsthatpollutetheair,causingsmogandhealthproblems.Globalwarmingisalsorelatedtoautomotiveexhaustemissions.Theconcentrationofgreenhousegases,especiallyCO2,hasincreasedsubstantiallysincethebeginningoftheindustrialrevolution.Vehicleswithhigherfueleconomymayproducelesspollutionthanvehicleswithlowerfueleconomy.Buyinganddrivingafuel-efficientvehiclewillsaveyoumoneyongas,ofcourse,butsuchadecisionhasother,broadereffects.PartThreeReading

TheAutoEditorsofConsumerGuideroadtestmorethan200newcars,trucks,minivans,andSUVsperyears.Theydrivethesevehiclesthewaytheirownerswould:urbancommuting,suburbanshopping,andhighwaytravel.Theykeepscrupulousfuel-economyrecordsoneachvehicle.Itturnedoutthatinreal-worlddriving,vehicleswithdifferentsize,weight,cylindersetc.averageddifferentMPGs,rangingfrom13to25mpg.AccordingtotheAmericanAutomobileAssociation,theaveragepriceforagallonofunleadedregulargasnationallyinSeptember2004was$1.84.ByAugust2005,itwas$2.33.BySeptember2005,intheweeksafterHurricaneKatrina,thepumppriceforregularwas$3.04.Noonecanpredictthefuturecostofagallonofgas,butthesefiguresshowpricevolatilityisanearcertainty.PartThreeReading

YettheAmericansseldomgavemuchthoughttofueleconomybeforetheArabOilEmbargoof1973.Thespecteroflonglinesatthegasstation,unreliablesupply,andfluctuatingpricesrearedagainwiththefuelcrisisof1979—1980.Thoseeventswerewake-upcalls,andDetroitandAsianauto-makersrespondedwithlotsofgas-sippingcompacts.Butbythelate1980s,horsepowerandperformancewerebackinvogue.Carsweregettingfaster,morepowerful,moreladenwithgadgetry—andgulpingmorefuel.PartThreeReading

Then,inAugust1990,IraqinvadedKuwait.Withinaweek,theaveragepriceofgasolineshotupmorethan16centsagallon.TheterroristattacksofSeptember11,2001,initiatedagradualbutsteadyclimbinpumpprices,whichacceleratedafterAmerica’sspring2003invasionofIraq.In2005theper-barrelpriceforcrudeoilontheworldmarketjumpedto$50,startlingeconomistsandotheranalysts.Pumppricesrose.Wewantedmoreoil,butitwasn’tgoingtocomeeasily.PresidentBushauthorizeduseofthenation’sstrategicoilreservetohelpkeeppumppricesincheck.PartThreeReading

AttheendofAugust2005,HurricaneKatrinadevastatedtheGulfStatesandbadlydamagedoilrefineriesandportfacilitiesvitaltoAmerica’sfuelinterests.ThepumppricesinthedaysfollowingKatrinaroseby10,20,30cents,andmore,insingleleaps.Somestationsexploitedcustomerswithpumppricescloserto$4.PartThreeReading

Thus,theU.S.energypolicyoncemorecalledonthefederalgovernmenttopromotethedevelopmentoffuel-efficientvehicles,supportresearchintocleanerfuels,andimplementprogramstoreducevehiclemilestraveled.Butcitizenscanalsodotheirparttohelpreduceclimatechangebypurchasingavehiclewithhigherfueleconomy.Calm,sensibledrivingandbuyingdecisionswillseeyouthroughalmostanyfuelchallenge.Ifyou’reshoppingforanewvehiclewhilefuelpricesareontherise,therearemanyfactorsyoucankeepinmindtohelpkeepyourmpgniceandhigh.PartThreeReading

Yourfirstdecisioniswhattypeofvehicletodrive.Choicesrangefromgas-sippingcompactstogas-guzzlingsportsutilityvehicle,andinbetweenisabewilderingrangeofcars,trucks,andcrossovers.Thisbasicdecisionisbasedonavarietyoffactors:howmuchyouareableorwillingtospendonavehicle,whatsizeortypeofvehicleyoumayactuallyrequire,andtheemotionalcomponent.Optionssuchasall-wheeldrive,automatictransmission,andevenpowerwindowscanreduceyourfuelefficiency.PartThreeReading

Vehicleweightisthebiggestsingleenemyoffueleconomy.Whenyou’reshoppingforafuel-efficientcarortruck,commonsensesuggeststhesmallestavailableenginedeliversthehighestmpg.Intherealworld,that’snotalwaysthecase.Tosaynothingofthefactthelifeofanoverworkedengineisnotusuallyalongone.What’sneededisthebestmatchbetweencarsize/weightandengineoutput.PartThreeReading

Four-wheeldrive(4WD)hasitsgoodpoints,butmileageisnotordinarilyamongthem.Theextradrivetraincomponentsjustaddtoomuchweight,soevendiscreetuseoffour-wheeldrivecarriesabigpenaltyeveryday.Ifyoudon’tneedtheoff-roadtractionversatilityoftrue4WD,all-wheeldriveisanattractivealternative.Thesesystemsarelighterinweightthan4WD,andactuallyaremoreusefulon-roadbecause,unlike4WD,theyrequirenoactionfromthedrivertodeliverpowertoallfourwheels.PartThreeReading

Gas/electrichybrid-electriccarsandtruckscombinethebenefitsofgasolineenginesandelectricmotorsandcanbeconfiguredtoobtaindifferentobjectives,suchasimprovedfueleconomy,increasedpower,oradditionalauxiliarypowerforelectronicdevicesandpowertools.NoneofthehybridcarsandtrucksonsaleintheU.S.requireplug-incharging.Theyinsteaduseacombinationofthegasengine’spower,andsystemsthat“recapture”otherwise-lostenergyfromtheturningwheels,torechargethemotor’sbatteries.Thatsortoffueleconomycanbeduplicatedbysmall,gas-onlycarsandsomedieselcars.Butonlyhybridscombinesuchhighmile-per-gallonreturnswithlowexhaustemissions.PartThreeReading

Dieselcarsmaybeyouridealchoice.Onlyahandfulofdieselsremainedavailablethroughthe1980s,butMercedes-BenzandVolkswagenareleadingaresurgenceindieselavailabilitywithenginesfarsuperiortoearlierversionsinsilenceandperformance.Foreconomy,thedieselishardtobeat,deliveringasmuchas25percentmoremileage(ondieselfuel)thanagasolineengineofsimilarsize.

Tosomepeople,comfortisaheatedleatherseatinthewinter.Otherstakecomfortinknowingthey’reekingouteverylastmilefromeachgallonofgastheyconsume.Beforeyoubuyafuel-efficientcar,considerwhichoftheseoptionsisreallynecessarytoyou.Nearlyeveryluxuryamenityaddsweightanddrainspower,bothofwhicharetheenemiesoffueleconomy-andperformance.PartThreeReading

Buyinganewcarisconfusingenough.Buyingwithfueleconomyinminddoesn’trequireyoutoownavehicleyoudon’twant.Rather,itmeansshoppingforthevehiclethatgivesthefeaturesyouwantwiththebestavailablefueleconomy.You’llsavemoneyingas,anddoyourparttosignalautomanufacturerstomakemoreenergy-efficientvehicles.PartThreeReadingefficient

[?'f???nt]adj.

能勝任的,有能力的,有效力的Consume

[k?n'sj?m]v. 用盡,消耗,花費(fèi)……,吃或喝（某物）exhaust

[?ɡ'z?st]n.

廢氣，蒸汽等；排氣口

v.

耗盡……,將……排出profound [pr?'fa?nd]adj.

深遠(yuǎn)的；知識淵博的；深?yuàn)W的recession [r?'se??n]n.

（經(jīng)濟(jì)）衰退,不景氣,后退，撤退key

[ki:]adj.

極重要的,關(guān)鍵性的chemical ['kem?k?l]adj.

化學(xué)的

n.

化學(xué)制品concentration [k?ns?n‘tre???n]

n.

集中,濃縮,濃度scrupulous ['skru:p??l?s]adj. 一絲不茍的,審慎的cylinder ['s?l?nd?]n.

圓柱,（發(fā)動機(jī)的）氣缸

NewwordsPartThreeReadingvolatility [v?l?'t?l?ti]

n.

揮發(fā)性,價(jià)格波動specter ['spekt?]

n.

鬼,幽靈,恐怖laden

['le?dn]adj. 裝滿的,滿載的,負(fù)擔(dān)沉重的gadgetry ['ɡ?d??tri]n. 小機(jī)械,小器具（統(tǒng)稱）gulp

[ɡ?lp]v.

快速或貪婪地吞咽startle

['stɑ:tl]v.

使……驚嚇或嚇一跳authorize ['?:θ?ra?z]v. 授權(quán),委任,委托,批準(zhǔn),認(rèn)可devastate ['dev?ste?t]v. 徹底毀壞（某事物），摧毀exploit

[?k'spl??t]v.

利用或開發(fā),剝削或利用implement ['?mpl?m?nt]n. 工具,器具

v.

使……生效，實(shí)施，貫徹gas-guzzling [ɡ?s'g?z?l??]adj. 非常耗油的bewildering [bi'w?ld?r??]adj. 令人困惑的,費(fèi)解的

PartThreeReadingcrossover ['kr?s??v?]n. 融合SUV、MPV、皮卡等的混合型轎車drivetrain ['dra?vtre?n]

n. 動力傳動系統(tǒng)discreet adj. [d?'skr?t]

言談舉止謹(jǐn)慎的,言行審慎的off-road adj. [?fr??d]

越野的versatility ['?s?'t?l?t?]

n.

多功能性configure [k?n'fiɡ?]v. （計(jì)算機(jī)術(shù)語）裝配，配置duplicate ['dju:pl?k?t]n. 相似物；復(fù)制品

v.

復(fù)制（某物）,重復(fù)resurgence [r?'s?d??ns]n.

中斷之后繼續(xù)；復(fù)活，復(fù)蘇economy [?'kɑn?mi]n.

節(jié)省，節(jié)約,經(jīng)濟(jì),經(jīng)濟(jì)制度amenity n. [?'men?ti:]

生活福利設(shè)施,方便設(shè)施；娛樂場所drain

[dre?n] v.

流走,喝干,耗盡……的精力、金錢等

PartThreeReadinglighttruck

輕型貨車accountfor

說明,占unleadedregulargas

無鉛汽油invogue

正時(shí)興，正在流行shootup

射出,發(fā)芽,暴漲hold/keepsthincheck

抑制,約束,制止callon

號召,呼吁,邀請,訪問seesbthroughsth

幫助某人度過（困難）automatictransmission(AT) 自動變速器，代表自動擋manualtransmission(MT) 手動擋four-wheeldrive(4WD)

四輪驅(qū)動plug-incharging

插入式充電PhrasesandExpressionsPartThreeReadingU.S.DepartmentofEnergy 美國能源部ConsumerGuide 《消費(fèi)者指南》:美國一本有名的雜志MPG=milespergallon 英里/加侖，每加侖汽油所跑的英里數(shù)AmericanAutomobileAssociation(AAA) 美國汽車協(xié)會，汽車俱樂部的聯(lián)合體，成立于1902年thenation’sstrategicoilreserve 國家戰(zhàn)略石油儲備GulfStates 美國墨西哥灣沿岸諸州：美國南部沿墨西哥灣的幾個(gè)州：佛羅里達(dá)、阿拉巴馬、密西西比、路易斯安那和德克薩斯。ProperNamesPartThreeReadingTranslation擁有一輛節(jié)能小汽車

大自然用了3億年才生成地下儲存的石油，而人類僅用了200年就把它消耗掉一半。美國能源部說，按目前的消耗速度，世界上剩余的傳統(tǒng)石油資源將在40年里消耗殆盡！世界石油消費(fèi)量的約60%用于交通工具，而其中的一半又消耗在了小汽車和輕型貨車上。在美國，交通運(yùn)輸占其三分之二的石油用量。2005年，美國55%的石油量依靠進(jìn)口，創(chuàng)下歷史最高比例。過去，依賴石油的局面對美國經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生了深刻的影響。在過去三十年里，每次大約油價(jià)動蕩過后都會引起美國經(jīng)濟(jì)的衰退。PartThreeReading

而且，交通工具排放的主要化學(xué)物質(zhì)也是引起空氣污染、造成煙霧和健康問題的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。全球變暖也與汽車尾氣排放有關(guān)。自工業(yè)革命開始以來，溫室氣體，尤其是二氧化碳的濃度大幅度增加。

長遠(yuǎn)來看，節(jié)能效果好的交通工具要比節(jié)能效果差的產(chǎn)生的污染小。購買和駕駛一輛節(jié)能的車輛當(dāng)然會節(jié)省汽油費(fèi)，但這樣一個(gè)決定還會帶來其他更為深遠(yuǎn)的影響。PartThreeReading

《消費(fèi)指南》的汽車編輯們每年都對200多輛新的轎車、貨車、小型客貨車和多用途車（SUV）進(jìn)行路測。他們和車主們一樣，在市區(qū)駕車往返行駛，到郊區(qū)購物和在公路上行駛。對每一輛車，他們都認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地做好節(jié)油記錄。結(jié)果證明，在實(shí)際駕車中，車輛由于大小、重量、缸數(shù)等差異，每加侖行駛的里程數(shù)（MPG）也大相徑庭——從13到25英里等。根據(jù)美國汽車協(xié)會的數(shù)據(jù)，每加侖無鉛汽油在2004年9月份的全國平均價(jià)格為1.84美元，2005年8月為2.33美元，到了2005年9月，也就是卡特里娜颶風(fēng)后的幾個(gè)星期里，普通汽油零售價(jià)格飆升到了3.04美元。沒有人能夠預(yù)測未來油價(jià)，但上述這些數(shù)據(jù)表明，近期油價(jià)繼續(xù)波動已成定局。PartThreeReading

然而，在1973年阿拉伯國家實(shí)行石油禁運(yùn)之前，美國人很少會考慮到節(jié)省燃油。1979—1980年燃料危機(jī)期間，加油站又排起了可怕的長龍，供應(yīng)也難以保障，價(jià)格忽高忽低。這些事件成了敲醒人們的警鐘，底特律和亞洲汽車制造商們以生產(chǎn)大量的小型節(jié)油汽車加以應(yīng)付。但到了20世紀(jì)80年代末，大馬力和高性能又重新成為時(shí)尚。汽車越開越快，馬力越來越大，各種配置越來越多——后果當(dāng)然是油耗越來越高。接著，1990年8月，伊拉克入侵科威特。一周之內(nèi)，汽油的平均價(jià)格每加侖暴漲16多美分。2001年9月11日，恐怖襲擊事件引發(fā)了油品零售價(jià)格緩慢但又穩(wěn)定的攀升。2003年春天美國入侵伊拉克后，油價(jià)又加速上升。PartThreeReading

2005年，世界石油市場每桶原油價(jià)格竄至50美元，讓經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和其他分析人士吃驚不已。油品零售價(jià)格也水漲船高。我們需要更多的石油，但想得到它卻絕非易事。布什總統(tǒng)已下令用國家戰(zhàn)略油來幫助平抑油價(jià)。2005年8月底，卡特里娜颶風(fēng)橫掃墨西哥灣各州，嚴(yán)重破壞了關(guān)系美國燃油利益的煉油廠和港口設(shè)施。在颶風(fēng)后接下來的幾天里，油品零售價(jià)格接連飛漲10、20和30多美分。有些加油站對客戶的零售價(jià)格竟然接近每加侖4美元。為此，美國能源政策再次號召聯(lián)邦政府促進(jìn)開發(fā)節(jié)能交通工具，支持研究清潔燃料和實(shí)施減少行車?yán)锍逃?jì)劃。但作為普通公民，他們也可以通過購買高效節(jié)能的車輛來減少對環(huán)境的影響。冷靜、理智的駕車和購車決定將幫助人們戰(zhàn)勝任何的燃料挑戰(zhàn)。PartThreeReading

如果在油價(jià)上漲的時(shí)候選購一輛新車，要記住，有很多的因素可以幫助你的愛車少用油，多跑路。

你首先決定的是要開什么樣的車。選擇的范圍包括節(jié)油的小型汽車到耗油多的多用途跑車，以及中間令人眼花繚亂的各種汽車、貨車和跨界混合車型。這個(gè)最基本的決定會受很多因素影響：你能夠或愿意消費(fèi)的價(jià)格是多少、你實(shí)際需要車輛的大小和型號以及你的情感因素是什么等。像全輪驅(qū)動、自動擋、甚至是電動車窗等選擇都無助于省油。節(jié)能的一個(gè)最大敵人就是車的重量。當(dāng)你打算購買一輛節(jié)能的汽車或貨車時(shí)，常識會讓你覺得發(fā)動機(jī)越小，每加侖油跑的路程就越遠(yuǎn)。但在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，情況并不總是如此。一個(gè)超負(fù)荷的發(fā)動機(jī)其壽命通常不會太長也是一個(gè)事實(shí)。我們需要的是車體大小、重量和發(fā)動機(jī)輸出功率之間的完美結(jié)合。PartThreeReading

四輪驅(qū)動固然有很多好處，但燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性并不包括在內(nèi)。額外的動力傳動部件會大大增加車身的重量，為此即使再小心地使用四輪驅(qū)動的汽車，每天都會經(jīng)受沉重的懲罰。如果你不需要真正四輪驅(qū)動的越野動力功能，全輪驅(qū)動倒是一個(gè)很好的選擇。配有全輪驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)車的重量比四輪驅(qū)動的要輕，并且在實(shí)際中更適合路面行駛。全輪驅(qū)動不像四輪驅(qū)動，它們不需要駕駛者進(jìn)行任何操作，就可以向四個(gè)輪子傳遞動力。PartThreeReading

汽油/電力混合電動汽車和貨車集汽油發(fā)動機(jī)和電動機(jī)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)于一身，并且能夠通過設(shè)定達(dá)到不同目的：比如更加節(jié)能、動力更強(qiáng)或者為車載電子和電動工具提供額外的輔助動力。目前在美國銷售的混合動力汽車和貨車都不需要插電式充電，相反，它們采用的是汽油發(fā)動機(jī)動力和能夠從轉(zhuǎn)動的輪子“回收”那些要不就白白浪費(fèi)掉的能量的系統(tǒng)來共同為電動機(jī)電池充電。這種節(jié)能方法可以應(yīng)用到小型純?nèi)加推嚭鸵恍┎裼推嚿稀５挥谢旌蟿恿嚥拍馨衙考觼銎团艿母呃锍虜?shù)回報(bào)與低排放做到完美結(jié)合。PartThreeReading

柴油汽車或許會成為你理想的選擇。在整個(gè)20世紀(jì)80年代，能買到的柴油汽車屈指可數(shù)，但梅賽德斯—奔馳和大眾正在引導(dǎo)一場柴油汽車的復(fù)興運(yùn)動，新一代柴油發(fā)動機(jī)在靜音和性能方面要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過早期的發(fā)動機(jī)。從經(jīng)濟(jì)上來說，柴油汽車無可比擬，同樣大小的柴油發(fā)動機(jī)要比汽油發(fā)動機(jī)的行車?yán)锍谈叱?5%。對有些人來說，舒適是冬天里溫暖的皮座椅。而對另一些人來說，舒適就是得知每消耗一加侖汽油所獲得的“多出來”的英里數(shù)。在購買節(jié)能汽車之前，考慮一下哪個(gè)選擇對你來說是必須的。幾乎每一項(xiàng)奢侈配置都會增加車身的重量的消耗動力，而兩者又都是汽車節(jié)能和性能之大敵。PartThreeReading

買輛新車的確是件令人犯難的事。想要節(jié)能的車并不是要你擁有一輛自己都看不中的車。相反，是讓你去買一輛既有自己想要的特性而又最能省油的車。這樣，你既可以省下汽油錢，也從自身做起，向汽車生產(chǎn)商傳遞了這樣一個(gè)信號：制造更加節(jié)能的車輛吧！PartThreeReadingExercisesUnderstandingthetext:Directions:Afterreadingthepassage,youwillfind5questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachquestionorstatement,pleasechoosethebestanswerfromthefourstatementsprovided.1.HowdidthemajoroilpriceshockaffecttheU.S.economyinthepast?2.Whatarethebadeffectsoftheautomotiveexhaustemissions?3.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethemajoreventsthatcausedtheriseoftheoilpriceintheU.S.?4.Whatarethekeyfactorsoneshouldkeepinmindwhenbuyingafuel-efficientvehicle?5.Afterreadingthepassage,whatdoyouthinkarethereasonswhythedieselcarsarenotaspopularasthegasones?PartThreeReadingDirections:Readandjudge.Readthepassageandjudgewhetherthestatementistrueorfalse.T1.

Passengercarsandlighttrucksconsumedabout30%oftheworld’soilconsumption.

F2.Vehicleswithhigherfueleconomymayproducemorepollutionthanvehicleswithlowerfueleconomy.

F3.Citizenscandolittletohelpreducetheclimatechange.T4.Whenwe’reshoppingforafuel-efficientcarortruck,wetendtothinkthatthesmallestavailableenginedeliversthehighestmpg.PartThreeReadingF

5.All-wheeldriveismuchbetterthanthefour-wheeldrive.T6.Nearlyallluxurygadgetryaddedtocarswillconsumemorefuel.F

7.Buyingafuel-efficientvehiclerequiresyoutoownonewiththefeaturesyoudon’twant.PartThreeReading’Directions:ChooseappropriatewordsfromColumnAtomatchexpressioninColumnBtoformcollocations.PartThreeReadingColumnAColumnB(g)1.consumea.aletter(j)2.commuteb.sb.ofallthestrength(h)3.ladenc.one’stalent(e)4.accelerated.sb.outofone’swits(d)5.startlee.thespeedofgrowth(f)6.authorizef.aconstructionproject(i)7.devastateg.resources(c)8.exploith.withguilt(a)9.duplicatei.theGulfStates(b)10.drainj.betweenhomeandofficePartThreeReadingDirections:Fillintheblankswiththegivenwordsorexpressionsinthebox,changingtheformwherenecessary.bewilderingseesb.throughwithaccountforimplementrecessioninvoguehold/keepsth.incheckauthorizeduplicateshootupPartThreeReadingDirections:Completethetablewithinformationfromthepassage.TheChineseAutoIndustryYearsthatwitnessedanincreaseintheautomarket:1.firstyearsinthiscentury:2003;2006Yearswithautoprofitsdecreasing:2.2004;2005Causesfortheincreasingprofitsfortheautoindustry:3.theautoindustryrecoveringfromthelasttwoyears;PartThreeReadingTextCPre-reading：

1.Doyouthinkbatterycantotallyreplaceoilasthemainfuelforthevehiclesinthenearfuture?2.Inyouropinion,whatdelaysthedevelopmentoftheelectriccars?2007—YearoftheElectricCarPartThreeReading

Iopenedmyspiralnotebook,sliditovertoAlanGotcherandhandedhimmypen.IwantedGotcher,theCEOandPresidentofthenanotechnologycompanyAltairnano,toexplaintomewhyhiscompany’sbatterywasdifferentfrom—andbetterthan—otherlithiumbatteries.

WeweresittinginanIrishpubtwoblocksfromWashington,DC’sUnionStation.WhilewesippedourIrishbrewsandwaitedfordinnertoarrive,Gotchersketchedontomynotepadapairofdiagrams:one,aconventionallithium-ionbatterycellandtheother,anAltairnanocell.Theylookednearlyidentical,withtheexceptionthatGotcherhadleftsomethingcalledtheSEI(separatorelectrodeinterface)outoftheAltairnanocell.Butthisonesmallchangemakesaworldofdifference.PartThreeReading

GotcherexplainedtomethattheSEIlayerisusedtokeepthelithiumfromreactingwiththegraphiteanode,butthatitalsoaddsaresistiveelementtothecell,reducingitsefficiency.Hiscompany’sunusualnano-titanite-basedanodedoesn’tneedtheSEIlayerbecauseitdoesn’treactwiththelithium.Instead,itsextremeporosityallowstheabsorptionofmanymorelithiumions,whichdramaticallyimprovesthestoragecapabilityofthebattery.

Thecompanyclaimsthattheirbatteryshowsacyclelifeinexcessof20,000chargesanddischargeswhilestillretaining85percentofitscapacitytostoreenergy.Ifproven,thiswouldbearevolutionarybreakthrough,especiallysinceAltairnanoalsoclaimstheirbatterycanberechargednotinhours,butinlessthan10minutes.PartThreeReading

Bywayofcomparison,thetypicallithiumbatterytakesfromtwotosixhourstorecharge,itspowerdensityislessthan1,000wattsperkilogram(w/kg),anditoperatesoveratemperaturerangeof0℃to40℃.Incontrast,Altairnano’sdatashowthattheirbatteryhasapowerdensityof4,000w/kgandtheabilitytosafelyoperatefrom-50℃to75℃.Butjusthowsafeis“safe”?

Toanswerthisquestion,Gotchergavemeadescriptionofthevariousteststowhichthecompanysubjectedthebattery:shortcircuit,forceddischarge,overcharge,overdischarge,nailpuncture,crush,overtemperature,andadroptest.Thebatterysurvivedallthesetrialswithoutanysmokeorfire.PartThreeReading

JustasIwasbeginningtograsptheexcitingpotentialofAltairnano’stechnology,ourdinnersarrived.Whilewewereeatingourfood,GotcherexplainedthathiscompanyisprovidingthebatteriesforPhoenixMotorcars’sportutilitytruck(SUT).Equippedwitha35kWh,386–voltbatterypack,theconverted,Korean-builtfour-doorutilitywillhavearangeof217km,atopspeedof152km/handa0-100km/htimeofunder10seconds.GotcherexplainedthatitwillbefullyhighwaycapableandassuchqualifiesasaZeroEmission,Type3vehiclebyCaliforniaEPAdefinition.GotcherglancedatmetoseeifIunderstoodthesignificanceofthatfact.Ididn’t,sohepatientlyelaborated.PartThreeReading

TheEPAdefinitionisworthbigmoneytocarmakers.UnderthetermsoftheCaliforniaZeroEmissionVehicle(ZEV)mandate,eachall-electric,fast-rechargeable,zeroemissionvehicle(“type3”vehicle)qualifiesfor40ZEVcredits.AsGotcherexplainedittome,beginningin2005thecarmakersthatsellthemostcarsinCaliforniaareunderobligationtosellsomanyZEVseach.Iftheydon’t,theyarepenalizedforeverymissingZEVcredit.EachcreditisworthUS$5,000,soatype3vehicleisworthUS$200,000inCalifornia.Carmakerseitherhavetobuildtheirowntype3vehiclesorbuythemfromanothermanufacturer—suchasPhoenixMotorcars,whichplanstoselltheSUTinitiallyforaroundUS$45,000.PartThreeReading

Butaren’tthebigcarmakersmeetingtheirCaliforniaZEVobligationwiththeirhydrogenfuelcellvehicleprograms?AccordingtoaToyotaexecutiveIspokewith,theyarefornow,butinthenottoodistantfuturethenumberoffuelcellvehiclestheywouldhavetobuildisdaunting.

ToyotahassomeninefuelcellcarsinCaliforniaatthemoment,eachofwhichcostaboutUS$1milliontoproduce.WhileToyotaisinabetterpositioninCaliforniathanothercarmakersbecauseofitsRAV4(asmall4WD)EVfleet,thecarmakerwouldstillhavetoproduce150fuelcellcarstomeetitsZEVobligations.PartThreeReadingOntheotherhand,theexecutivetoldmethatGeneralMotorswouldhavetobuild1,500fuelcellvehiclesifthetermsofthemandateremainunchanged.Youcandothemathsonthatone.So,atUS$45,000avehicle,Phoenix’sbattery-poweredSUTwouldbeanincrediblebargainforcarmakerswhodecidedtobetonhydrogenfuelcelltechnologyinsteadofbatterieswaybackin1998