第七講虛擬語氣

TheSubjunctiveMood虛擬語氣1.規(guī)則2.練習(xí)條件從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If+S+動(dòng)詞過去式（be-were）S+would+動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反If+S+had+過去分詞S+would+have+過去分詞與將來事實(shí)相反Were+不定式Should+動(dòng)詞原形Would/should+動(dòng)詞原形Note：如果if從句的謂語動(dòng)詞含有had、were、should等詞,可以省略if。但需將had、were、should提前，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)來表示虛擬語氣。2虛擬語氣在動(dòng)詞advise，suggest，propose，direct，insist，ask，request，demand，require，order，recommend，command，urge，desire，determine，decide，intend，move，vote等表示“建議，要求，命令…”等動(dòng)詞后的that-從句中用“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”（should可以省略）。另外“Itis+動(dòng)詞過去分式+that”結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞仍是以上這些動(dòng)詞，在that-從句中用“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”（should可以省略）。虛擬語氣在表示“建議，要求，命令，主張，目的，愿望”，如：suggestion,proposal,demand,recommendation,request,advice,decision,motion,preference,word,order,desire,necessity,decree,instruction,resolution等這類名詞后的表語從句或同位語從句中，用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”。

舉例：

1)Weareallforyourproposalthatthedecision

____.

A)beputoff

B)wasputoff

C)shouldputoff

D)istoputoff

33.虛擬語氣在Itis+adj.+that結(jié)構(gòu)中的that-從句中用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”。這類形容詞或分詞有：essential(必要的),urgent(緊迫的),necessary(必要的),important(重要的),advisable(合理的),asked(要求),desired(希望的),natural(自然的),desirable(理想的),demanded(要求的),preferable(更好的),imperative(迫切的),ordered(命令的),required(要求的),suggested(建議的)。

舉例：

1)Idon’tthinkitadvisablethatTim

_

tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.

A)isassigned

B)willbeassigned

C)beassigned

D)hasbeenassigned

2)Itisessentialtheseapplicationforms

backasearlyaspossible.

A)mustbesent

B)willbesent

C)aresent

D)besent4虛擬語氣在連接詞lest引導(dǎo)的從句中，lest作“害怕，以免”解，其引導(dǎo)的謂語從句應(yīng)用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”。有類似從用法的連詞還有：forfearthat,incase。如：

Hetookhisraincoatwithhimincaseitshouldrain.他帶上了雨衣以防下雨。

Sheputablanketoverthebabyforfearthatheshouldcatchcold.

她在那個(gè)嬰兒身上蓋上了毯子以免他著涼舉例：

1)Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe

____

himself.

A)injure

B)hadinjured

C)injured

D)wouldinjure

2)Hewaspunished

heshouldmakethesamemistakeagain.

A)unless

B)provided

C)if

D)lest5虛擬語氣在would

rather(hadrather,wouldjustassoon)表示“希望，寧愿”時(shí)，其后的從句中，用一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?。如?/p>

I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.我倒希望你把這封信立即寄出。

Iwouldjustassoonyouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天把這本書還了。

6如果句子主語不是對(duì)他人而是對(duì)自己的行為表示某種愿望或感嘆，其謂語形式有兩種情況：1、表示現(xiàn)在情況用wouldrather+do；2、表示過去情況用wouldrather+havedone.如：

Iwouldratherbuyahousewithagarden.我真希望買一座帶花園的房子。

Shewouldrathernothavegonetotheparty.她覺得真是不該去參加那個(gè)晚會(huì)。

另外還有wouldsooner,從句用過去時(shí)表示尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；用過去完成時(shí)表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的某種愿望。

舉例：

1)Youdon’thavetobeinsuchahurry,Iwouldratheryou

___

onbusinessfirst.

A)wouldto

B)willgo

C)went

D)havegone

7wish作“希望”解，其后的賓語從句中，(1)同時(shí)。表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反的愿望，謂語動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞過去式(包括進(jìn)行體)，即that主語+V-ed(be動(dòng)詞用were)；(2)先時(shí)。表示與過去情況相反的愿望時(shí)，用had+過去分詞(有時(shí)根據(jù)意思要用couldhave+動(dòng)詞過去分詞)；(3)后時(shí)。表示與將來情況可能相反的愿望，用would+動(dòng)詞原形。如：

IwishIwereasyoungasyou.(同時(shí))

我要是和你一樣年輕就好了。

Iwishthathehadnotmadesomuchfussaboutit.(先時(shí))

但愿那時(shí)他對(duì)這事不那么大驚小怪了。

Itwaswishedthattheywouldmakegreaterprogress.(后時(shí))

那時(shí)人們希望他們能取得更大的進(jìn)步就好了舉例：

1)SometimesIwishI

___

inadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.

A)beliving

B)wereliving

C)wouldlive

D)wouldhavelived

2)IwishI

____

longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.

A)couldhaveslept

B)slept

C)mighthaveslept

D)haveslept

3)Jackwishesthathe

___

businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.A)hadstudied

B)study

C)studied

D)hadbeenstudying

8ifonly作“要是……就好了”解，相當(dāng)于“HowIwish+賓語從句”，它引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，(1)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式；(2)表示將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望用would/could+動(dòng)詞原形；(3)與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成式。

舉例：

1)LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI

____

youradvice.

A)follow

B)hadfollowed

C)wouldfollow

D)havefollowed

2)Ifonlythecommittee

____

theregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.

A)approve

B)willapprove

C)canapprove

D)wouldapprove

9Itis(high/about)time(that)…作“(早)該是…的時(shí)候了”解，后跟句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。

Itis(hasbeen)…since…后跟句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。

Thisisthefirst(second)timethat…后跟句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(havedone)。

舉例：

1)“Youareveryselfish.Itishightimeyou

____

thatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld.”Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.

A)realized

B)haverealized

C)realize

D)shouldrealize

2)Itisalready5:00p.m.now.Don’tyouthinkit’sabouttime

____

?

A)wearegoinghome

B)wegohome

C)wewenthome

D)wecangohome

10有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況不是以條件從句的形式表示出來的，而是通過介詞或介詞短語，如：with,without，butfor,butthat(假使不…，要不是…),savethat,exceptfor等，或由連詞but,or，副詞otherwise,only等或通過上下文以及其他形式表現(xiàn)出來。

舉例：

1)Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewe

_____

him.

A)wouldhavetelephoned

B)musthavetelephoned

C)wouldtelephone

D)hadtelephonedIfit(be)norfor是常見的虛擬條件句，意思是“要不是…”，相當(dāng)于butfor和without。如：

IfitwerenotfortheleadershipoftheParty,wecouldnotbelivingahappylifetoday.

要不是有了黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，我們今天就不可能過上幸福生活了。

Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wewouldnothaveachievedsomuchinourwork.

要不是有了你的幫助，我們工作中不會(huì)取得如此大的成績(jī)。

Withoutelectricity,therewouldbenomodernindustry.

沒有電就不會(huì)有現(xiàn)代工業(yè)。

Butforyourcooperation,wecouldnothavesucceededinourexperiment.

沒有你們的幫助，我們的試驗(yàn)是不可能成功的。

Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.要不是害怕的話，她就會(huì)拒絕了。

asif/asthough，其用法與wish完全相同。如：

Shelovesthechildreninthekindergartenasifthewereherown.(同時(shí))

她愛幼兒園里的孩子好像他們是她自己孩子撥似的。

AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeenthere.

艾倫談起羅馬來好像他是個(gè)羅馬人似的。

Shelooksasifshewouldcry.她看起來好像要哭了。

Fillintheblankswiththeverbsgiveninthebrackets,payingspecialattentiontothesubjunctivemood.1.IfIwereyou,I(accept)______________thejob.2.Iftheywereheretomorrow,theproblem(solve)_____________.3.LuckilyIwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn’tbeenwearingone,I_____(injure)seriously.4.Wereitfortheirhelp,we(notovercome)____________________thedifficulties.

wouldacceptwouldbesolvedwould/should/could/mighthavebeeninjuredwouldnothaveovercomeExercise5.Ifwehadn’tgoteverythingreadybynow,we(have)_________aterribletimetomorrow.6.Heworkswithsuchenthusiasmasifhenever(know)_________fatigue(疲倦).7.Hewouldn’thavebeensavedevenifhe(send)______________tohospitalatonce.8.IfonlyI(take)_________youradviceatthattime!knewhadtakenwouldhavehadbeensent9.Wewishthatpeopleeverywhere(show)_________moreconcernfortheenvironmentaroundthem.10.Modernbusinessandindustrydemandthateverymanager(know)_____________muchabouteconomicmanagement.11.Itisdesiredthatthisrule(obey)___________________byeveryoneworkinghere.12.Itisagreatpitythathe(be)_________sostubborn(頑固).showed(should)know(should)beobeyed(should)beExercise13.Itishightimethatyou(learn)_________Englishandcomputerwell.14.IwouldratherthatMr.Williams(make)_________thespeechattheconferenceinsteadofthedeanthatday.15.Hewouldsooneryou(notsee)_________himanymoreinthefuture.learneddidnotseehadmadeWritethroughCorrectingMistakesCorrecttheerrorsinthefollowingsentences.Ifyouwouldbuyoneboxattheregularprice,youwouldreceiveanotheroneatnoextracost.2.Sinceherbloodpressureismuchhigherthanitshouldbe,herdoctorinsiststhatshewillnotsmokeanylonger.bought/shouldbuy/weretobuyshouldn’tsmoke/notsmokeExercise3.Ifyouhadgonetolastnight’sgame,youmusthaveenjoyedseeingourteamwin.4.ItisadvisablethatshemayleaveforMadridassoonaspossible.would/could/should/mighthaveenjoyed(should)leave/leave5.—DidyouvisitLosAngelesonyourvacation?—IfIwouldhaveaweekoff.hadWritethroughCorrectingMistakesExercise6.Itisdesiredthatshewaspromotedtothepositionofthemanager.7.Iwishthattheydidn’tleavesoearlythatday.(should)bepromotedhadn’tleft8.Icouldbuytheten-speedbicyclemyself,butmymotherpromisedtogiveittomeonmybirthday.couldhavebo