專題11-第十一章非謂語動詞（初高區(qū)別及銜接）（學生版）-2021-2022學年英語初升高銜接大串講（牛津譯林版2020）

第十一章非謂語動詞初中知識回顧初中學到的非謂語動詞，通常充當的是賓語或者賓語補足語的成分回顧一：后面可跟動詞的?ing形式的情況finish,enjoy,practice,imagine,avoid,consider,suggest,mind,keep等動詞后要接動詞的-ing形式。feellike,bebusy,beworth,spendtime(in),havedifficult/troublein,havefun,等固定短語后面也接動詞的-ing形式。on,in,of,about,at,with,without,for,from,up,by等介詞后也要動詞的-ing形式。.After(停放)hiscar,hegoesstraighttotaketheplane..一Wearenowbusy2fortheSeniorHighSchoolEntranceExamination.一Isee.Justtakeiteasy.3.1spent24hoursaweek(develop)myskills.SoIwasrewardedwiththefirstplacemedalsinnearlyeverycompetition.tistruethateveryone'sdreamisworth(堅持)to..MostkidsliketogoswithfamiliesinthemallonSunday,butJenniferthoughtdifferently..Luke,youhavekeptmystorybookfortwoweeks.Wouldyoumindrittomerightnow?.You'dbettergiveup(吸煙)tooasitmaystartafire.回顧二：后面可跟動詞的不定式的情況agree,afford,decide,hope,wish,fail,plan,pretend,refuse,wouldlike,want,learn,prefer,seem等動詞可跟動詞的不定式形式。can'twait(see)theAlhambraPalaceandotherplacesofinterest..Annaopenedherarms,justintime(stop)theballasitwasgoingtofallintotheriver..Thehenagreed(do)so,andtheeagleflewaway..Therobotteachersareused(help)improvelearning.回顧三：后面既能跟不定式也能跟動名詞的情況有些動詞接doing和todo意義相近，像like(喜歡)，love(喜歡)等詞后加不定式或動名詞區(qū)別不大。有些動詞后加不定式或動名詞，語意區(qū)別很大，如：remembertodo(記住要去做)hadtoclimbthetrees.Onhisparticularday,hegottothetopofonetreeandsomethingcaughthiseye.Helookedoutacrossthetreesandsawthetopsofsomeoldbuildings.Tutdidn'treallyknowwhathehadseenbutheknewitwassomethingspecial.Heran4(tell)thelocalgovernor,andtogetherthey5(walk)intothejungle.TheretheyfoundTikal(蒂卡爾),acitythattheMayans(瑪雅人)6(build)manyhundredsofyearsbefore.Thetwomensawtemplesandpyramids,squaresandhouses,andplaceswherekingshadlivedwhentheMayanpeopleruledtheregion.Foralongtimebeforethatday,localpeoplehadknownthatsomewhereinthejungletherewasanoldMayancity,butnoonehadseenitforcenturies.Between200and900AD,thecityofTikalhadbeenthecenterofMayancivilizationintheregion,butthentheMayansleftthereandnobodyknowswhy!After1000AD,thejunglebegan7_(cover)itandpeopleforgotthatitwasthere.SevenyearsbeforeTutlookedoutforthetrees,twoBritishexplorershadgonetoGuatemalaandhadwrittenareportaboutMayantreasuresinthejungle,buttheydidn'tmentionTikal.Evenearlierthanthis,localIndianshadtoldEuropeantravelersaboutagreatcity8(hide)inthetrees,butnoonewouldlistentothem.Nowthe9(lose)cityhadbeenfoundagain,andarchaeologistswentthereimmediately10(see)it...9.10.四Nowadays,moreandmoreChineseareawareoffoodwasteissues.Evenyoungpeopletend1(take)hometheirleftoverswhen2(dine)out,mostofwhomwouldpackthedishinadoggiebagiftheleftoversarestillingoodshapeandtherearealsoalotleft,accordingtothesurvey3(conduct)byChinaYouthDaily.Thepeople4(bear)inthe1980sor1990sbelievethat5(save)foodisavirtue.Youngpeoplealsogavetheiropinionsonhow6(help)reducefoodwaste.Someadvisedrestaurants7(offer)theservingchopsticks,whichwouldbehelpfulforcustomers8(pack)theleftovers.Otherssaiditmightbeusefultopromotesmallerorhalf-portiondishes.Anothergoodsuggestionisthatcateringbusinessesgiveawaycoupons(優(yōu)惠券)tocustomerswhocleartheirplatesatdinner.Chinalaunchedacampaignagainstfoodwastein2013andrenewedthecallearlythisyear9(create)anincreasinglyprosperoussociety.Wecanallplayapartin10(reach)thenationalfoodwastereductiongoal一toreducefoodwasteby50%inthenext10years.五Thestoryhappenedinancienttimes.Akingwassocleverthathethoughtofagoodway1(test)whetherhismenwerereliable.Oneday,hehadahugerock2(place)onaroadwayatnight.Thenhehidhimselfnearbyandwatchedcarefullytoseeifanyonewouldremovethebigrock.Somewealthybusinessmenandhighofficialscameby,buttheysimplywalkedaroundit.Manyofthemevenloudlyblamedthekingfornot3(keep)theroadsclear,butnoneofthemwouldbother4(get)thebigstoneoutoftheway.Thenavillagercamealong5(carry)aloadofvegetables.Onapproachingthebigrock,hestoppedandlaiddownhisburden,6(try)hardtomovethestonetothesideoftheroad.After7(push)manytimes,hefinallysucceeded.Asthevillagerpickeduphisloadofvegetables,henoticedapurse8(lie)intheroadwheretherockhadbeen.Thepursecontainedmanygoldcoinsandanotefromtheking,9(say)thatthegoldwasforthepersonwhoremovedthehugerockfromtheroad.Thevillagerlearnedavaluablelessonthatmanyotherswouldneverunderstand:Everyobstaclepresentsanopportunity10(improve)one'scondition.六短文改錯MynameisJack.KnowthattheStudentUnionislookingforvolunteers,Iamwritingtomakinganapplication.Ireallywantgetthisopportunity.Byoffermyservice,notonlywillIbeabletoimprovemyoralEnglishandcommunicationskills,butIcanalsomakemorefriend.Asanoutgoingboy,Iamwarm-heartedandalwaysenjoyhelpothers.Ioncetookpartinanactivitybeingorganizedbythelocalcommunitytoofferhelpforsomehomelesspeople.Besides,IamfluentinEnglishsoIhavenodifficultycommunicatewithEnglishspeakers.Inaword,IbelieveIamqualifiedfortheposition.Hopeful,youwilltakemyapplicationintoconsideration.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.rememberdoing(記得已做過)forgettodo(忘記去做)forgetdoing(忘記做過)1.-TthinkyoushouldstophiminEnglish.-Isee.Hecan'tunderstandEnglishatall.LetmetryinFrench.A.talkingtoB.totalktoC.talktoD.totalkingto回顧四：后面跟不帶to的不定式(動詞原形)的情況.在感官動詞和使役動詞后feel,hear,listento,watch,lookat,see,notice,make,let,have等后跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語時應省去不定式符號to注意：將此句改為被動句時，省去的不定式符號to應加上。在動詞help后跟不定式作賓語或賓語補足語時，既可帶to,也可不帶to。.助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后do,did,does,will,shall,would,should,can,may,must等后面接不帶to的動詞不定式。.某些固定句型中(1)在祈使語氣(或口語)中。(2)hadbetter最好做某事(3)Will(Would)youplease(not)...?i#(不要)做某事好嗎?(4)Whynot.?為何不做某事(5)wouldrather(not)…寧可(不)；寧愿(不)。此句型也可以擴展成：wouldrather...than...=would...ratherthan...prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.4.1wantedtoseetheBeijingOpera,soLinglingofferedmetowatchanopera.A.tookB.takesC.totakeD.taking回顧五：既可跟動詞原形又可跟動詞?iiig形式的情況see,watch,hear等動詞后面既可跟原形又可跟動名詞形式，跟原形時表示做過或經常做，跟動名詞時表示正在做。5.1triedtomakeAlicehermindbutIfounditdifficult.-Well,IsawyouthatwhenIwentpast.A.changed;doB.changes;doingC.change;todoD.change;doing

隨堂練習.Maybeitisnotalwayseasy(discover)yourself.Butifyoudo,youwillhaveanewstart..MaybeIcanevenencourageyou(go)foraswim..Butyouwokeupinthemiddleofthenight,only(find)thatyoucouldnDtfallbackasleep!.UncleJohnplans(grow)corntofeedpigs..Thenextday,Sallywent(購物)afteraquicklunch..ThebookIboughtyesterdayisworth(閱讀)..Nowyou'reready(start)theapp..Nevertheless,thatshouldn'tstopyoufrom(have)agreattime..Ontheotherhand,itistruethatyouspendlesstime(work)ifyoutakeanap.10.1hadtouseareallyold,basicphonejust(keep)meintouchwithmyfamilyandfriends.高中知識銜接高中階段，非謂語動詞的學習更加深入，我們將要學習到它們充當句子各種成分的用法。知識一：作主語不定式短語或者動名詞短語作主語時，為了使句子結構平衡，常將不定式短語或者動名詞短語放在謂語之后，而用t作形式主語。如：Itisourdutytogiveasmuchhelpaspossible.提供盡可能多的幫助是我們的職責。Toerrishuman,toforgiveisdivine.犯錯誤是人之常情，寬恕才難能可貴。Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實。拓展動名詞和不定式都可作主語，在許多情況下可以通用，但動名詞作主語多表示一般或抽象或多次的行為，不定式作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動作。在Itisnouse/good,notanyuse/good,useless后人們習慣用動名詞。經典例題.-Whatdoyousupposemadeherworried?agoldring.A.LoseB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing.tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'sskin.A.LoseB.LostC.LosingD.BecauseoflosingA.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed【弓I申】Ifsimportantforthefiguresregularly.A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdateD.tohaveupdated知識二：作表語動名詞作表語多表示抽象性的或習慣性的動作，當表示下一步打算時多用不定式作表語。分詞作表語，多表示性質或者狀態(tài)。如：Myjobistohelpthepatient.我的工作是幫助病人。MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.我的工作是教你英語。Thenewsisinspiring.這消息令人鼓舞。Thewindowisbroken.W戶破了。拓展不定式作表語時，不定式前可用what,who,which,where.when,how,why等疑問詞構成不定式短語。如：Thequestionishowtodothejobwell.問題是怎樣做好這項工作。要注意不定式作表語與“betodo"結構的不同：不定式作表語說明主語的性質或內容，而“bet。do”結構表示安排要做的事情。如：Mynextplanistodrawapictureforthehouse.我的下一個計劃是為這座房子畫一幅圖。（不定式作表語）Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatsix.我們約好六點在學校門口見面。（betodo表示安排）經典例題InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremainedabroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.A.stickingB.stuckC.tobestuckD.tohavestuck【引申】Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremainuntiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.A.seatedB.seatingC.toseatD.seat知識三：作定語1動詞不定式作定語，常表示將來的動作。如：Themeetingtobeheldnextweekwillbeofgreatimportance.下周將要舉行的會議極為重要。說明作定語的不定式如果與其前面所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系，然而動詞又為不及物動詞，動詞后要加介詞或副詞，使其成為及物動詞詞組。如：Willyoufindmeapentowritewith?你能給我找一支寫字的筆嗎？2,單個分詞作定語一般放在所修飾詞的前面，短語作定語放在所修飾詞的后面。如：Thequestionbeingdiscussedisimportanttous.正討論的這個問題對我們來說很重要。Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.興奮的人們沖進了大樓。注意：不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表達將來的動作，過去分詞作定語表達過去或完成的動作，現在分詞被動語態(tài)的一般式表達一種正在進行的動作。（l）Themeetingtobeheldnextweekisabouthowwecandealwiththisproblem.下周要開的會是關于我們如何解決這個問題的。（tobeheld=whichistobeheld,beto在此表達將來）（2）Thebookpublishedlastmonthsellswell.上月出版的那本書賣得很好。（publishedwhichwaspublished,此時published不可用tobepublished或beingpublished代替）（3）Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowwillbefinishedintendays.正在建筑的那棟樓將在10天內完工。（beingbuilt=whichisbeingbuilt,表示正在進行的動作）經典例題Theisland,tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.A.joiningB.tojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined【弓I申】l.We*rehavingameetinginhallanhour.Thedecisionatthemeetingwillinthefutureofourcompany.A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade2.Time,correctly,ismoneyinthebank.A.touseB.usedC.usingD.use知識四：作狀語不定式可以作狀語，表示目的、原因、結果。如：Shearrivedearlyinordertogetagoodseat.她到得很早，圖的就是弄個好座位。（目的）Thechildistooyoungtogotoschool.這孩子太小，不能去上學。（結果）Wewereexcitedtohearthenews.聽到這個消息，我們激動了。（原因）說明不定式也可以作結果狀語，然而不定式多表達意料之外的結果，而現在分詞表達意料之中的結果。如：ShewenttoShanghaispeciallytoseeherbrother,onlytofindthathehadgonetoBeijingafewdaysbefore.她專程去上海看望她的兄弟，卻發(fā)現他幾天前去了北京。Theygotupveryearlythatday,findingnobodyinthestationwhentheygotthere.那天他6］彳艮早就起床了，至U了車站卻發(fā)現那里空無一人。經典例題Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,nothingabouttheargument.A.saysB.saidC.tosayD.saying【引申】.toworkovertimethatevening,!missedawonderfulfilm.A.HavingbeenaskedB.ToaskC.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked.Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlyhisplanehighupinthesky.A.findingB.tofindC.beingfoundD.tohavefound知識五：非謂語動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài).不定式有一般式、進行式、完成式形式，既有主動語態(tài)又有被動語態(tài)兩種語態(tài)。有todo,tobedone,tobedoing,tohavedone,tohavebeendone等形式。（1）不定式的一般式所表示的動作通常與謂語的動作（狀態(tài)）同時（或幾乎同時）發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。如：Fmsorrytotellyouthatyouarewrongthistime.我很遺憾地告訴你這次是你錯了。⑵如果謂語表示的動作（情況）發(fā)生時，不定式表示的動作正在進行，這時不定式就要用進行式。如：Iamverygladtobetalkingwithyou.我很高興與你交談。⑶如果不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，就要用完成式。如：I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.對不起，讓你久等了。當不定式邏輯上的主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式要用被動語態(tài)。如：Heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.他要求去農村工作。.動名詞的時態(tài)分為一般式和完成式兩種形式。如果動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，用完成式；如果與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生，則用一般式。如：I'msorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.對不起，我沒有遵守諾言。.分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。過去分詞表示被動或完成的動作，因而沒有完成式和被動語態(tài)?，F在分詞有一般式和完成式兩種形式，有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種語態(tài)，有doing,havingdone,havingbeendone等形式。經典例題Asthetwentiethcenturycametoaclose,therawmaterialsforagreatnationalliteraturewereathand,waitingA.touseB.tobeusedC.tohaveusedD.tobeusing【弓I申】1.aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.A.GatherB.TogatherC.GatheringD.Tobegathering2.fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.A.SeenB.SeeingC.HavingseenD.Tosee知識六：現在分詞作狀語現在分詞作狀語，相當于一個表示原因、時間、方式、條件、結果等情況的狀語從句，根據需要可以使用被動式或完成式。(1)表示時間,相當于when,while引導的狀語從句。例如：Hewentthroughthepaperswhilelisteningtomusic.他邊瀏覽報紙，邊聽音樂。⑵表示條件，相當于引導的條件狀語從句。例如：Beinggivenoncemorechance,!willfinishthetask!假如再給我一次機會，我會完成任務的！(3)表示原因，相當于because,since,for,as等引導的原因狀語從句。例如：Beingill,shecan*tgotoworktoday.因為生病，今天她不能上班了。(4)表示讓步，相當于though,although或nomatter+特殊疑問詞引導的讓步狀語從句。例如：Althoughworkinghardeveryday,westillhaveendlessworktodealwith.我們即使每天拼命干活，還是有處理不完的工作。⑸表示結果，相當于結果狀語從句。例如：Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,causingthedelay.他們的車遇上了交通堵塞,結果耽擱了。(6)表示方式或伴隨狀語。例如：Theylayonthegrass,lookingatthesky.他們躺在草地上，仰望著天空。思考總結常見的非謂語動詞表達可以用這樣一句話來記憶：ing表示主動進行，ed表示被動完成，不定式表示目的結果未發(fā)生。其常見的考點為：1,區(qū)別現在分詞和過去分詞作定語時的區(qū)別；2.判斷不定式的主動形式和被動形式；3.積累只能跟動名詞的動詞和只能跟不定式的動詞。隨堂練習考點一非謂語動詞作賓語I,單句填空l.Itwashethatfirstsetupprivateschoolsandacceptedstudentsfromeverywalkoflifewithout(consider)theirsocialstatus.2.SoIattempted(translate)throughthethingstheywerefamiliarwith.3.Inmymind,they'rehelpingustobecomecalmandconsider(win)andsolvingrealproblemsaswell.4.Sometimes,bycaringonlyaboutthecups,wefail(enjoy)thecoffee.考點二非謂語動詞作定語.Theeventservesnotonlyasaspectacularceremonytocommemoratetheworld-famousChinesephilosopher,butachance(celebrate)Chineseculturetogetherwithotherlocalcommunities..Thefood(prepare)inthiswaykeepsitsfreshflavorandit'sthisflavorthatattractspeoplefromothercountriestotheartofChinesecooking..Asheunwrappedthegift,hesawthatitwasabook(name)TheGreatestStoryEverTold..Formanypeople,especiallythose(live)intheoldpartsoftowns,thisisundoubtedlyaproblem..Thissitereportssciencenews(cover)awiderangeofsubjects.考點三非謂語動詞作主語、表語.Forhissecondappearanceinfrontofthecamera,Chaplinselectedthecostumewithwhichhebecame(identify)..(have)abalancedandhealthydietisanothergoodchoice..Hisnewideawas(make)theshellshapesontheroofintotheshapeofaball.考點四非謂語動詞作狀語I.單句填空.Pekingoperahasarichlistofplays,artists,troupes(居U團)，andwideinfluences,(make)ittheleadingoperainChina..(inspire)bythesparrowhawk(鷹)circlingaroundinthesky,LuBanmadeonewithbambooandcalledit“bamboosparrow”.3.IntheSongDynasty,peopleloadedgunpowderonakite(attack)theenemybyflyingitintotheskyabovetheenemycamp,whereitexplodedandcausedchaos.4.Theyloseweightforawhile,only(gain)morewhentheystoptheprogram.考點五非謂語動詞作補語.Theystartbuildingtheirhutslateinthesummer,butdonotgetthem(finish)beforetheearlyfrosts..Goalscanhelpyoudoandexperienceeverythingyouwantinlifeandgoal