專題11-第十一章非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（初高區(qū)別及銜接）（學(xué)生版）-2021-2022學(xué)年英語(yǔ)初升高銜接大串講（牛津譯林版2020）

第十一章非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞初中知識(shí)回顧初中學(xué)到的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，通常充當(dāng)?shù)氖琴e語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的成分回顧一：后面可跟動(dòng)詞的?ing形式的情況finish,enjoy,practice,imagine,avoid,consider,suggest,mind,keep等動(dòng)詞后要接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。feellike,bebusy,beworth,spendtime(in),havedifficult/troublein,havefun,等固定短語(yǔ)后面也接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。on,in,of,about,at,with,without,for,from,up,by等介詞后也要?jiǎng)釉~的-ing形式。.After(停放)hiscar,hegoesstraighttotaketheplane..一Wearenowbusy2fortheSeniorHighSchoolEntranceExamination.一Isee.Justtakeiteasy.3.1spent24hoursaweek(develop)myskills.SoIwasrewardedwiththefirstplacemedalsinnearlyeverycompetition.tistruethateveryone'sdreamisworth(堅(jiān)持)to..MostkidsliketogoswithfamiliesinthemallonSunday,butJenniferthoughtdifferently..Luke,youhavekeptmystorybookfortwoweeks.Wouldyoumindrittomerightnow?.You'dbettergiveup(吸煙)tooasitmaystartafire.回顧二：后面可跟動(dòng)詞的不定式的情況agree,afford,decide,hope,wish,fail,plan,pretend,refuse,wouldlike,want,learn,prefer,seem等動(dòng)詞可跟動(dòng)詞的不定式形式。can'twait(see)theAlhambraPalaceandotherplacesofinterest..Annaopenedherarms,justintime(stop)theballasitwasgoingtofallintotheriver..Thehenagreed(do)so,andtheeagleflewaway..Therobotteachersareused(help)improvelearning.回顧三：后面既能跟不定式也能跟動(dòng)名詞的情況有些動(dòng)詞接doing和todo意義相近，像like(喜歡)，love(喜歡)等詞后加不定式或動(dòng)名詞區(qū)別不大。有些動(dòng)詞后加不定式或動(dòng)名詞，語(yǔ)意區(qū)別很大，如：remembertodo(記住要去做)hadtoclimbthetrees.Onhisparticularday,hegottothetopofonetreeandsomethingcaughthiseye.Helookedoutacrossthetreesandsawthetopsofsomeoldbuildings.Tutdidn'treallyknowwhathehadseenbutheknewitwassomethingspecial.Heran4(tell)thelocalgovernor,andtogetherthey5(walk)intothejungle.TheretheyfoundTikal(蒂卡爾),acitythattheMayans(瑪雅人)6(build)manyhundredsofyearsbefore.Thetwomensawtemplesandpyramids,squaresandhouses,andplaceswherekingshadlivedwhentheMayanpeopleruledtheregion.Foralongtimebeforethatday,localpeoplehadknownthatsomewhereinthejungletherewasanoldMayancity,butnoonehadseenitforcenturies.Between200and900AD,thecityofTikalhadbeenthecenterofMayancivilizationintheregion,butthentheMayansleftthereandnobodyknowswhy!After1000AD,thejunglebegan7_(cover)itandpeopleforgotthatitwasthere.SevenyearsbeforeTutlookedoutforthetrees,twoBritishexplorershadgonetoGuatemalaandhadwrittenareportaboutMayantreasuresinthejungle,buttheydidn'tmentionTikal.Evenearlierthanthis,localIndianshadtoldEuropeantravelersaboutagreatcity8(hide)inthetrees,butnoonewouldlistentothem.Nowthe9(lose)cityhadbeenfoundagain,andarchaeologistswentthereimmediately10(see)it...9.10.四Nowadays,moreandmoreChineseareawareoffoodwasteissues.Evenyoungpeopletend1(take)hometheirleftoverswhen2(dine)out,mostofwhomwouldpackthedishinadoggiebagiftheleftoversarestillingoodshapeandtherearealsoalotleft,accordingtothesurvey3(conduct)byChinaYouthDaily.Thepeople4(bear)inthe1980sor1990sbelievethat5(save)foodisavirtue.Youngpeoplealsogavetheiropinionsonhow6(help)reducefoodwaste.Someadvisedrestaurants7(offer)theservingchopsticks,whichwouldbehelpfulforcustomers8(pack)theleftovers.Otherssaiditmightbeusefultopromotesmallerorhalf-portiondishes.Anothergoodsuggestionisthatcateringbusinessesgiveawaycoupons(優(yōu)惠券)tocustomerswhocleartheirplatesatdinner.Chinalaunchedacampaignagainstfoodwastein2013andrenewedthecallearlythisyear9(create)anincreasinglyprosperoussociety.Wecanallplayapartin10(reach)thenationalfoodwastereductiongoal一toreducefoodwasteby50%inthenext10years.五Thestoryhappenedinancienttimes.Akingwassocleverthathethoughtofagoodway1(test)whetherhismenwerereliable.Oneday,hehadahugerock2(place)onaroadwayatnight.Thenhehidhimselfnearbyandwatchedcarefullytoseeifanyonewouldremovethebigrock.Somewealthybusinessmenandhighofficialscameby,buttheysimplywalkedaroundit.Manyofthemevenloudlyblamedthekingfornot3(keep)theroadsclear,butnoneofthemwouldbother4(get)thebigstoneoutoftheway.Thenavillagercamealong5(carry)aloadofvegetables.Onapproachingthebigrock,hestoppedandlaiddownhisburden,6(try)hardtomovethestonetothesideoftheroad.After7(push)manytimes,hefinallysucceeded.Asthevillagerpickeduphisloadofvegetables,henoticedapurse8(lie)intheroadwheretherockhadbeen.Thepursecontainedmanygoldcoinsandanotefromtheking,9(say)thatthegoldwasforthepersonwhoremovedthehugerockfromtheroad.Thevillagerlearnedavaluablelessonthatmanyotherswouldneverunderstand:Everyobstaclepresentsanopportunity10(improve)one'scondition.六短文改錯(cuò)MynameisJack.KnowthattheStudentUnionislookingforvolunteers,Iamwritingtomakinganapplication.Ireallywantgetthisopportunity.Byoffermyservice,notonlywillIbeabletoimprovemyoralEnglishandcommunicationskills,butIcanalsomakemorefriend.Asanoutgoingboy,Iamwarm-heartedandalwaysenjoyhelpothers.Ioncetookpartinanactivitybeingorganizedbythelocalcommunitytoofferhelpforsomehomelesspeople.Besides,IamfluentinEnglishsoIhavenodifficultycommunicatewithEnglishspeakers.Inaword,IbelieveIamqualifiedfortheposition.Hopeful,youwilltakemyapplicationintoconsideration.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.rememberdoing(記得已做過(guò))forgettodo(忘記去做)forgetdoing(忘記做過(guò))1.-TthinkyoushouldstophiminEnglish.-Isee.Hecan'tunderstandEnglishatall.LetmetryinFrench.A.talkingtoB.totalktoC.talktoD.totalkingto回顧四：后面跟不帶to的不定式(動(dòng)詞原形)的情況.在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后feel,hear,listento,watch,lookat,see,notice,make,let,have等后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)省去不定式符號(hào)to注意：將此句改為被動(dòng)句時(shí)，省去的不定式符號(hào)to應(yīng)加上。在動(dòng)詞help后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可帶to,也可不帶to。.助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后do,did,does,will,shall,would,should,can,may,must等后面接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。.某些固定句型中(1)在祈使語(yǔ)氣(或口語(yǔ))中。(2)hadbetter最好做某事(3)Will(Would)youplease(not)...?i#(不要)做某事好嗎?(4)Whynot.?為何不做某事(5)wouldrather(not)…寧可(不)；寧愿(不)。此句型也可以擴(kuò)展成：wouldrather...than...=would...ratherthan...prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.4.1wantedtoseetheBeijingOpera,soLinglingofferedmetowatchanopera.A.tookB.takesC.totakeD.taking回顧五：既可跟動(dòng)詞原形又可跟動(dòng)詞?iiig形式的情況see,watch,hear等動(dòng)詞后面既可跟原形又可跟動(dòng)名詞形式，跟原形時(shí)表示做過(guò)或經(jīng)常做，跟動(dòng)名詞時(shí)表示正在做。5.1triedtomakeAlicehermindbutIfounditdifficult.-Well,IsawyouthatwhenIwentpast.A.changed;doB.changes;doingC.change;todoD.change;doing

隨堂練習(xí).Maybeitisnotalwayseasy(discover)yourself.Butifyoudo,youwillhaveanewstart..MaybeIcanevenencourageyou(go)foraswim..Butyouwokeupinthemiddleofthenight,only(find)thatyoucouldnDtfallbackasleep!.UncleJohnplans(grow)corntofeedpigs..Thenextday,Sallywent(購(gòu)物)afteraquicklunch..ThebookIboughtyesterdayisworth(閱讀)..Nowyou'reready(start)theapp..Nevertheless,thatshouldn'tstopyoufrom(have)agreattime..Ontheotherhand,itistruethatyouspendlesstime(work)ifyoutakeanap.10.1hadtouseareallyold,basicphonejust(keep)meintouchwithmyfamilyandfriends.高中知識(shí)銜接高中階段，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的學(xué)習(xí)更加深入，我們將要學(xué)習(xí)到它們充當(dāng)句子各種成分的用法。知識(shí)一：作主語(yǔ)不定式短語(yǔ)或者動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，常將不定式短語(yǔ)或者動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)放在謂語(yǔ)之后，而用t作形式主語(yǔ)。如：Itisourdutytogiveasmuchhelpaspossible.提供盡可能多的幫助是我們的職責(zé)。Toerrishuman,toforgiveisdivine.犯錯(cuò)誤是人之常情，寬恕才難能可貴。Seeingisbelieving.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。拓展動(dòng)名詞和不定式都可作主語(yǔ)，在許多情況下可以通用，但動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)多表示一般或抽象或多次的行為，不定式作主語(yǔ)往往表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。在Itisnouse/good,notanyuse/good,useless后人們習(xí)慣用動(dòng)名詞。經(jīng)典例題.-Whatdoyousupposemadeherworried?agoldring.A.LoseB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing.tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'sskin.A.LoseB.LostC.LosingD.BecauseoflosingA.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed【弓I申】Ifsimportantforthefiguresregularly.A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdateD.tohaveupdated知識(shí)二：作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)多表示抽象性的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，當(dāng)表示下一步打算時(shí)多用不定式作表語(yǔ)。分詞作表語(yǔ)，多表示性質(zhì)或者狀態(tài)。如：Myjobistohelpthepatient.我的工作是幫助病人。MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.我的工作是教你英語(yǔ)。Thenewsisinspiring.這消息令人鼓舞。Thewindowisbroken.W戶破了。拓展不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式前可用what,who,which,where.when,how,why等疑問(wèn)詞構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。如：Thequestionishowtodothejobwell.問(wèn)題是怎樣做好這項(xiàng)工作。要注意不定式作表語(yǔ)與“betodo"結(jié)構(gòu)的不同：不定式作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或內(nèi)容，而“bet。do”結(jié)構(gòu)表示安排要做的事情。如：Mynextplanistodrawapictureforthehouse.我的下一個(gè)計(jì)劃是為這座房子畫一幅圖。（不定式作表語(yǔ)）Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatsix.我們約好六點(diǎn)在學(xué)校門口見(jiàn)面。（betodo表示安排）經(jīng)典例題InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremainedabroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.A.stickingB.stuckC.tobestuckD.tohavestuck【引申】Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremainuntiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.A.seatedB.seatingC.toseatD.seat知識(shí)三：作定語(yǔ)1動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)，常表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。如：Themeetingtobeheldnextweekwillbeofgreatimportance.下周將要舉行的會(huì)議極為重要。說(shuō)明作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果與其前面所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，然而動(dòng)詞又為不及物動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞后要加介詞或副詞，使其成為及物動(dòng)詞詞組。如：Willyoufindmeapentowritewith?你能給我找一支寫字的筆嗎？2,單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在所修飾詞的前面，短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)放在所修飾詞的后面。如：Thequestionbeingdiscussedisimportanttous.正討論的這個(gè)問(wèn)題對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.興奮的人們沖進(jìn)了大樓。注意：不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作定語(yǔ)表達(dá)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表達(dá)過(guò)去或完成的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般式表達(dá)一種正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。（l）Themeetingtobeheldnextweekisabouthowwecandealwiththisproblem.下周要開(kāi)的會(huì)是關(guān)于我們?nèi)绾谓鉀Q這個(gè)問(wèn)題的。（tobeheld=whichistobeheld,beto在此表達(dá)將來(lái)）（2）Thebookpublishedlastmonthsellswell.上月出版的那本書賣得很好。（publishedwhichwaspublished,此時(shí)published不可用tobepublished或beingpublished代替）（3）Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowwillbefinishedintendays.正在建筑的那棟樓將在10天內(nèi)完工。（beingbuilt=whichisbeingbuilt,表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）經(jīng)典例題Theisland,tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.A.joiningB.tojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined【弓I申】l.We*rehavingameetinginhallanhour.Thedecisionatthemeetingwillinthefutureofourcompany.A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade2.Time,correctly,ismoneyinthebank.A.touseB.usedC.usingD.use知識(shí)四：作狀語(yǔ)不定式可以作狀語(yǔ)，表示目的、原因、結(jié)果。如：Shearrivedearlyinordertogetagoodseat.她到得很早，圖的就是弄個(gè)好座位。（目的）Thechildistooyoungtogotoschool.這孩子太小，不能去上學(xué)。（結(jié)果）Wewereexcitedtohearthenews.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，我們激動(dòng)了。（原因）說(shuō)明不定式也可以作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，然而不定式多表達(dá)意料之外的結(jié)果，而現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)意料之中的結(jié)果。如：ShewenttoShanghaispeciallytoseeherbrother,onlytofindthathehadgonetoBeijingafewdaysbefore.她專程去上?？赐男值埽瑓s發(fā)現(xiàn)他幾天前去了北京。Theygotupveryearlythatday,findingnobodyinthestationwhentheygotthere.那天他6］彳艮早就起床了，至U了車站卻發(fā)現(xiàn)那里空無(wú)一人。經(jīng)典例題Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,nothingabouttheargument.A.saysB.saidC.tosayD.saying【引申】.toworkovertimethatevening,!missedawonderfulfilm.A.HavingbeenaskedB.ToaskC.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked.Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlyhisplanehighupinthesky.A.findingB.tofindC.beingfoundD.tohavefound知識(shí)五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài).不定式有一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式形式，既有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)又有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)。有todo,tobedone,tobedoing,tohavedone,tohavebeendone等形式。（1）不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。如：Fmsorrytotellyouthatyouarewrongthistime.我很遺憾地告訴你這次是你錯(cuò)了。⑵如果謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)不定式就要用進(jìn)行式。如：Iamverygladtobetalkingwithyou.我很高興與你交談。⑶如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，就要用完成式。如：I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：Heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.他要求去農(nóng)村工作。.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)分為一般式和完成式兩種形式。如果動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，用完成式；如果與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生，則用一般式。如：I'msorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.對(duì)不起，我沒(méi)有遵守諾言。.分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成的動(dòng)作，因而沒(méi)有完成式和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式兩種形式，有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，有doing,havingdone,havingbeendone等形式。經(jīng)典例題Asthetwentiethcenturycametoaclose,therawmaterialsforagreatnationalliteraturewereathand,waitingA.touseB.tobeusedC.tohaveusedD.tobeusing【弓I申】1.aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.A.GatherB.TogatherC.GatheringD.Tobegathering2.fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.A.SeenB.SeeingC.HavingseenD.Tosee知識(shí)六：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示原因、時(shí)間、方式、條件、結(jié)果等情況的狀語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)需要可以使用被動(dòng)式或完成式。(1)表示時(shí)間,相當(dāng)于when,while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：Hewentthroughthepaperswhilelisteningtomusic.他邊瀏覽報(bào)紙，邊聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。⑵表示條件，相當(dāng)于引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：Beinggivenoncemorechance,!willfinishthetask!假如再給我一次機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)完成任務(wù)的！(3)表示原因，相當(dāng)于because,since,for,as等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：Beingill,shecan*tgotoworktoday.因?yàn)樯。裉焖荒苌习嗔恕?4)表示讓步，相當(dāng)于though,although或nomatter+特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：Althoughworkinghardeveryday,westillhaveendlessworktodealwith.我們即使每天拼命干活，還是有處理不完的工作。⑸表示結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,causingthedelay.他們的車遇上了交通堵塞,結(jié)果耽擱了。(6)表示方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)。例如：Theylayonthegrass,lookingatthesky.他們躺在草地上，仰望著天空。思考總結(jié)常見(jiàn)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)可以用這樣一句話來(lái)記憶：ing表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，ed表示被動(dòng)完成，不定式表示目的結(jié)果未發(fā)生。其常見(jiàn)的考點(diǎn)為：1,區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別；2.判斷不定式的主動(dòng)形式和被動(dòng)形式；3.積累只能跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞和只能跟不定式的動(dòng)詞。隨堂練習(xí)考點(diǎn)一非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)I,單句填空l(shuí).Itwashethatfirstsetupprivateschoolsandacceptedstudentsfromeverywalkoflifewithout(consider)theirsocialstatus.2.SoIattempted(translate)throughthethingstheywerefamiliarwith.3.Inmymind,they'rehelpingustobecomecalmandconsider(win)andsolvingrealproblemsaswell.4.Sometimes,bycaringonlyaboutthecups,wefail(enjoy)thecoffee.考點(diǎn)二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ).Theeventservesnotonlyasaspectacularceremonytocommemoratetheworld-famousChinesephilosopher,butachance(celebrate)Chineseculturetogetherwithotherlocalcommunities..Thefood(prepare)inthiswaykeepsitsfreshflavorandit'sthisflavorthatattractspeoplefromothercountriestotheartofChinesecooking..Asheunwrappedthegift,hesawthatitwasabook(name)TheGreatestStoryEverTold..Formanypeople,especiallythose(live)intheoldpartsoftowns,thisisundoubtedlyaproblem..Thissitereportssciencenews(cover)awiderangeofsubjects.考點(diǎn)三非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ).Forhissecondappearanceinfrontofthecamera,Chaplinselectedthecostumewithwhichhebecame(identify)..(have)abalancedandhealthydietisanothergoodchoice..Hisnewideawas(make)theshellshapesontheroofintotheshapeofaball.考點(diǎn)四非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)I.單句填空.Pekingoperahasarichlistofplays,artists,troupes(居U團(tuán))，andwideinfluences,(make)ittheleadingoperainChina..(inspire)bythesparrowhawk(鷹)circlingaroundinthesky,LuBanmadeonewithbambooandcalledit“bamboosparrow”.3.IntheSongDynasty,peopleloadedgunpowderonakite(attack)theenemybyflyingitintotheskyabovetheenemycamp,whereitexplodedandcausedchaos.4.Theyloseweightforawhile,only(gain)morewhentheystoptheprogram.考點(diǎn)五非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ).Theystartbuildingtheirhutslateinthesummer,butdonotgetthem(finish)beforetheearlyfrosts..Goalscanhelpyoudoandexperienceeverythingyouwantinlifeandgoal