2021-2022學(xué)年高中英語Unit21HumanBiologySectionⅡLanguagePoints（Ⅰ）W

.PAGE下載后可自行編輯修改，頁腳下載后可刪除。SectionⅡLanguagePoints(Ⅰ)(Warm-up&Lesson1)Ⅰ.單詞拼寫根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示，寫出以下單詞1．Thisweek,thecompanymailedoutitsannual(年度的)report.2．Ittookmesometimetodigest(領(lǐng)悟)whatIhadheard.3．Peoplewhocirculate(傳播)falsenewsaretoblame.4．Whetherthebuildingsinthisareashouldbepulleddownhasremainedcontroversial(有爭議的)．5．Theywenttoprisonbecausetheyviolated(違反)thelaw.6．Theintervalbetweenthepostsmeasuresthirtymetres.7．Idon'tknowwhetherIshouldswapseatswiththestranger.8．ChildrenneedtocompletenineyearsofcompulsoryeducationinChina.9．Thosewhoknowhowtotolerateotherscannaturallyleadahappylife.10．Freshairisfundamentaltogoodhealth.Ⅱ.拓展詞匯根據(jù)詞性或漢語提示，寫出以下單詞1．circulatevi.循環(huán)→circulationn．循環(huán)2．toleratevt.容忍→tolerantadj.寬容的；容忍的→tolerancen．容忍3．doubtv．&n.疑心→doubtfuladj.疑心的，不肯定的4．opposevt.反對→oppositeadj.相對的→oppositionn．反對5．contradictvt.與(其他事物)相矛盾→contradictionn．矛盾6．violatevt.違反，違背→violationn．違反Ⅲ.補(bǔ)全短語根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全以下短語1．invain 徒然，白費(fèi)力氣2．a(chǎn)trandom 隨便地；隨意地3．a(chǎn)tallcosts 不管多大代價，無論如何4．dueto 由于5．comeacross 偶然遇見6．contributeto 促成；導(dǎo)致7．insilence 沉默地；默不作聲地8．moreorless 或多或少，大約9．outofbreath 氣喘吁吁10．inuse (機(jī)械、場所等)在使用中Ⅳ.選詞填空用上述短語的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Wemustarrivethereatallcostsbeforemidnight.2．Icameacrossthisvaluablebookinanoldbookstore.3．Theirrigationcanalsthathadfallenintodisrepairareinuseagain.4．Theirinventionshavecontributedtothedevelopmentofelectricalengineering.5．Sheopenedthebookatrandomandstartedreading.eq\a\vs4\al([尋規(guī)律、巧記憶])n.＋-ful→adj.v.＋to→動詞短語careful小心的helpful有幫助的useful有用的stickto堅(jiān)持attendto專心；注意；照料seeto負(fù)責(zé)；注意背教材原句記句式構(gòu)造仿寫促落實(shí)1.IfAmericanathleteMarionJoneshadn'ttakendrugs，wouldshehavemadeittotheOlympicsatall？如果美國運(yùn)發(fā)動瑪里昂·瓊斯沒有服用興奮劑的話，她能成功地進(jìn)軍奧運(yùn)會嗎？makeitto“能參加，出席〞，其中to為介詞。Wedidn'tmakeittothepartyintheend.我們最終還是沒能參加那個聚會。2.Unfortunately，itisnoteasytocatchathletesusingillegaldrugs.不幸的是，查出運(yùn)發(fā)動服用違禁藥物并不容易。catchsb.doingsth.“撞見某人正在做某事〞。Theteachercaughttheboycheatingintheexam.教師發(fā)現(xiàn)那個男孩在考試中作弊。3.Inthefuture,athleteswhohavetheirgeneschangedmightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.將來，改變了基因的運(yùn)發(fā)動有可能創(chuàng)下僅8秒的百米紀(jì)錄或不到兩個小時的馬拉松長跑紀(jì)錄。havesth.done“使某事被做，請/讓/叫別人做某事；經(jīng)歷，遭受某事〞。Shehadherpursestolenyesterdaywhenshewaswalkingaroundtheshoppingcenter.昨天逛商場時她的錢包被偷了。toleratevt.容忍；忍耐；容許(教材P34)Thesportsworlddoesnottoleratedopingasitisafundamentalformofcheating.由于它是根本的欺騙方式，體育界是不會容許運(yùn)發(fā)動服用興奮劑的。(1)tolerate(doing)sth. 容忍(做)某事(2)tolerancen. 容忍；寬容havenotoleranceof/forsth. 不能容忍某事物(3)tolerantadj. 寬容的；容忍的betolerantof/towardssb./sth. 忍受、寬容某人/某事①Icouldnottoleratetheirmakingupanyexcusesforwhattheydid.我不能容忍他們?yōu)樗龅氖虑榫幵烊魏蔚慕杩?。②Someplantsaretolerant(tolerate)ofextremeheat.有些植物能耐炎熱。③Shehadnotolerance(tolerate)forherdeskmate'sshortcomings.她容不得同桌的缺點(diǎn)。seekvt.尋找；探求；追求；征求；試圖vi.尋找；探求；追求(教材P34)Dopingisnotonlyaprobleminathletics，itispartofeverysportwhereathletesseektoachievebeyondtheirnaturallimitsandarepreparedtocheattodoso.服用興奮劑不僅僅是田徑運(yùn)動的問題，也是有運(yùn)發(fā)動想尋求取得超常體育成績而準(zhǔn)備欺騙的任何一項(xiàng)體育工程的問題。seektodosth. 設(shè)法、企圖做某事seekafter/for 追求，探索seekthrough 找遍seekout 搜尋出；挑選出；找到seekone'sfortune 尋找發(fā)財(cái)時機(jī)，謀求出路①Allmenhavetherighttoseekafterhappiness.所有人都有追求幸福的權(quán)利。②Iseektoset(set)anexampleformycolleagues.我試圖為我的同事做個典范。③Hesoughtoutashadyspotwherehemightsitdownandrest.他找到了一個可以坐下來休息的蔭涼地方。invain徒然；白費(fèi)力氣(教材P34)FloydLandismadeseverallameexcusesblamingmedicinehehadbeentakingforaninjurybutthesewereallinvain.弗洛伊德·蘭蒂斯做了幾次站不住腳的辯白，責(zé)怪他因傷服用的藥物，但是這些都是徒勞的。(1)vainadj. 徒勞；白費(fèi)力氣；空虛的； 無益的；自負(fù)的；虛榮心強(qiáng)的bevainabout/of 對……虛榮的/自負(fù)的/自以 為了不起的vainpromises 空頭的許諾(2)vainlyadv. 徒勞地；不成功地；白費(fèi)力地①Hemadealotofvainpromisesbutnevercarriedthemout.他做出了很多虛假的承諾，但從未兌現(xiàn)過。②Shewasvainof/abouthergoodlooks.她對她的美貌很自負(fù)。atrandom隨便地；隨意地(教材P34)Itiscompulsoryforwinnerstobetestedbutotherparticipantsareonlytestedatrandom.獲勝者要強(qiáng)制性地進(jìn)展檢查，而其他參與者只是隨意的檢查。(1)randomadj. 胡亂的；隨便的，任意的(2)onpurpose 有意地，成心地(反義詞組)①Thisisonlyarandomsample.這只是隨意抽取的樣品。②Whydoyoucareabouthisrandomremarks?他只是隨便一說，何必介意？③—Don'tthrowwastepaperatrandomoritwillmaketheclassroomdirty.——不要隨便扔廢紙，否那么會把教室搞得很臟?！狪'msorry，Ididn'tdoitonpurpose.——對不起，我不是成心的。opposevt.反對(教材P34)Gene-therapyisverycontroversialandmanypeopleopposefurtherresearchintoit.基因治療是一個非常有爭議的問題，許多人反對對其進(jìn)展進(jìn)一步的研究。(1)oppose(doing)sth. 反對(做)某事(2)opposedadj. 反對的beopposedto(doing)sth. 反對(做)某事(3)oppositeadj. 對立的；在……對面的prep. 在……的對面n. 相反的人或物，對立物beoppositeto 與……相對，在……對面①SomepeopleopposecancellingtheNewYear'sEveholidayin2021.有些人反對取消2021年除夕假日。②Iamopposedtogoing(go)shoppingonSundaysforitistoocrowded.我反對星期天逛街，因?yàn)樘珦頂D了。③Thepeoplesittingopposite(oppose)uslookedveryfamiliar.坐在我們對面的那些人看上去很面熟。[名師點(diǎn)津]oppose＝objectto＝beagainst反對；oppose為及物動詞，object為不及物動詞，against為介詞。contradictvt.與(其他事物)相矛盾(教材P34)However，ifagenerationofsportsstarswithenhancedgeneswerecreated，itwouldcontradictthewholespiritofsport.然而，如果一代有強(qiáng)化基因的運(yùn)動明星被造出，這將有悖于整個運(yùn)動精神。(1)contradictoneself 自相矛盾(2)contradictoryadj. 矛盾的；完全相反的becontradictorytosth. 與……相矛盾(3)contradictionn. 反駁；矛盾incontradictionto/with 與……相矛盾；與……相違背①Thewell-bredcontradictotherpeople.Thewisecontradictthemselves.教養(yǎng)良好的人處處和他人過不去。頭腦聰明的人處處和自己過不去。②Hisprivateactionsareindirectcontradictionto/withhispubliclyexpressedopinions.他私下的行為跟公開的言論完全是兩碼事。atallcosts不管多大代價；無論如何(教材P34)TheOlympicspirit—thespiritofcompetitionwhichemphasisestakingpartratherthanwinning—hasbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts.人們不惜任何代價來獲勝的愿望違背了重在參與而不是獲勝的奧林匹克精神。atanycost＝atallcosts 不管多大代價，無論如何atacostof 以……的價格atthecostof 以……為代價atcost 照原價；照本錢價①Shewouldliketofinishherprojectatanycost.她愿意不惜任何代價來完成自己的方案。②Heboughtacomputeratacostof5，000yuan.他買一臺電腦花了5000元。③Hesavedthechildrenfromthebigfireatthecostofhisownlife.他舍身把孩子們從大火中救出。digestvt&vi.消化；吸收；領(lǐng)悟n．摘要，概要；文摘(教材P136)Itdigestsyourfoodandsendsvitaminsandmineralsintotheblood.它消化你的食物，將維生素和礦物質(zhì)送入血液中。寫出以下句中digest的詞性及含義①Youshouldallowalittletimeafteramealforthefoodtodigest.vt.消化②Ihavedigestedmostoftheimportantpointsinthebook.vt.理解③Thedigestofthenovelincludedthemostexcitingscenes.n.摘要digestionn． [U]消化；[C]消化能力digestibleadj. 易消化的；口感好的；易理解的；可領(lǐng)會的digestiveadj. 消化的；和消化有關(guān)的①SomeofhistranslationswerepublishedinEnglishDigest.他有幾篇譯作發(fā)表在?英語文摘?上。②Ididalittleexercisetohelpmydigestion(digest)．我做了一點(diǎn)運(yùn)動來幫助消化。[圖形助記]vt.&vi.消化vt.理解，領(lǐng)悟n．摘要，(教材P34)Inthefuture，athleteswhohavetheirgeneschangedmightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.將來，改變了基因的運(yùn)發(fā)動有可能創(chuàng)下僅8秒的百米紀(jì)錄或不到兩個小時的馬拉松長跑紀(jì)錄。【要點(diǎn)提煉】本句使用了“havesth.done〞句式，表示“使某事被做，請/讓/叫別人做某事〞。其中過去分詞done在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示被動意義。構(gòu)造含義賓語與賓補(bǔ)的關(guān)系使/讓別人做某事；使遭受動賓havesb./sth.doing使/讓某人(物)持續(xù)地做某事，該構(gòu)造用于否認(rèn)句時，have意為“容忍〞主動havesb./使/讓某人(物)去做某事主動①M(fèi)yteacherhadmewriteashortpassage.教師讓我寫了一篇短文。②Ihadmybikerepaired(repair)yesterday.我昨天讓人修了自行車。③It'scold.Weshouldhavethefireburning(burn)allthetime.天氣冷，我們應(yīng)該讓火一直燃燒著。(教材P34)Takingthesedrugsisknownas“doping〞andalthoughtheyenhanceperformance,theyalsocauseserioushealthproblemsinlaterlifeforthosewhoabusethem.【分析】takingthesedrugs在句中作主語；beknownas表示“被稱為〞；并列連詞and后的句子中含有although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句和who引導(dǎo)的定語從句?！痉g】眾所周知，服用這些藥物就是服用“興奮劑〞，盡管興奮劑有助于提高成績，但同時也會給那些濫用興奮劑的運(yùn)發(fā)動招來日后生活中的安康問題。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Thehousewassought(seek)throughbutnothingsuspiciouswasfound.2．Themotherhadthebabycrying(cry)allthemorning.3．Iswappedmyredscarfforherblueone.4．Thelibrariantookabookatrandomfromtheshelf.5．Thethiefbrokein,tryingtoopenthesafe,butinvain.6．Thecitizensopposedbuilding(build)suchafactoryinthisarea.7．You'vehadyourhousedecorated(decorate)withnewfurniture.8．Goodhealthisfundamental(fundament)ifyouwanttohavealonglife.9．Youneedn'tworry，hewillmakeit．10．Perhapsyoushouldbemoretolerantofyourlittlesister.Ⅱ.完成句子1．我試圖使他與她和好，但白費(fèi)力氣。Itriedtomakehispeacewithher，butinvain．2．我不能忍受你被單獨(dú)留下來。Ican'ttolerateyoubeingleftalone．3．我花了很長時間才把聽到的東西弄明白。IttookmealongtimetodigestwhatIhadheard．4．如果我們乘車的話，我們在五點(diǎn)之前應(yīng)該能出席那個會議。Ifwetakeabus,weshouldmakeittothemeetingbeforefive.5．到現(xiàn)在你應(yīng)該理解這條交通規(guī)那么了，已經(jīng)給你解釋得夠多了。Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You'vehaditexplainedoftenenough.條件句語境自主領(lǐng)悟先觀察原句①IfPeterwasamoreskilfulplayer,hewouldhavescoredmorepoints.②BenJohnsonwouldstillbethe100metresworldrecordholder,ifhehadnotbeencaught.③Ifhehadbrokenthatrecord,hewouldbeaworld-famousrunnernow.后自主感悟1.①句中，從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，而主句表示與過去事實(shí)相反的結(jié)果。由此可知混合條件句可以用來談?wù)摗胺钦鎸?shí)的、常常是想象中的現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)，可能對過去有影響〞，其構(gòu)成形式是：“if＋主語＋動詞的過去式，主語＋wouldhavedone〞。2.②③句中，從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，而主句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的結(jié)果。由此可知混合條件句可以用來談?wù)摗跋胂笾械倪^去事件可能對現(xiàn)在有影響〞，其構(gòu)成形式是：“if＋主語＋haddone，主語＋would＋動詞原形〞。在英語中，我們一般把條件句分為兩種，即真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句亦可稱為虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜想或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。一、if條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣IfIwereabird，Icouldfly.如果我是一只鳥的話，我就能飛了。Ifwehadstartedearlier,wewouldnothavemissedthetrain.如果我們早點(diǎn)出發(fā)，就不會錯過這列火車了。Ifheshouldn'tcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.要是他明天來不了，我們將把會議推遲到下周一。[即時演練1]單句語法填空①IfMrDeweyhadbeen(be)present,hewouldhaveoffered(offer)anypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.②Sorry,Iamtoobusynow,ifIhad(have)time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.③IfIwere(be)you，Iwouldgo(go)toseethefilmLostonJourney.④Ifyouhadworked(work)hardlastyear,youwouldhavepassed(pass)thetest.⑤Ifsheshouldcome/came/weretocome(come)tomorrow,Iwouldask(ask)herforhelp.二、混合虛擬條件句在虛擬語氣中，虛擬條件句與主句所指的時間不一致(如一個是過去的，一個是現(xiàn)在的)，這時主、從句謂語動詞的形式需要根據(jù)具體的時間來調(diào)整，從而構(gòu)成混合虛擬條件句，即錯綜時間條件句。該句式中不僅僅存在時間的不同，更重要的是事實(shí)和假設(shè)的混合，其根本用法如下：1．想象的過去事件可能對現(xiàn)在或?qū)碛杏绊懢渥訒r間意義謂語形式從句與過去事實(shí)相反haddone主句與現(xiàn)在/將來事實(shí)相反would/should/could/might＋動詞原形Ifyouhadtakenhisadvicethen,youwouldbebetternow.如果你當(dāng)時聽取了他的建議，你現(xiàn)在會好些。Ifyouhadn'twatchedTVlatelastnight,youwouldn'tbesosleepynow.如果你昨晚看電視不看到那么晚，你現(xiàn)在就不會這么困倦。IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.假設(shè)昨天我對他說了，現(xiàn)在我就知道該怎么辦了。2．想象的過去事件可能對現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)展的動作有影響句子時間意義謂語形式從句與過去事實(shí)相反haddone主句與現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)展的事實(shí)相反would/should/could/might＋bedoingIfIhadstudiedhard,Iwouldbestudyingincollegenow.如果我努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，我現(xiàn)在就在大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)了。Ifhehadn'tleftforShanghai,hewouldbehelpingmenow.如果他不去上海的話，他現(xiàn)在就幫助我了。Ifyouhadnotgivenmealift，Iwouldbewalkingintherainnow.如果你不讓我搭車，我現(xiàn)在還冒雨走著呢。3．想象中的現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)可能對過去有影響句子時間意義謂語形式從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動詞的過去式(be→were)主句與過去事實(shí)相反would/should/could/might＋havedoneIfIwereyou，IwouldhavegonetowatchtheExpothen.如果我是你，當(dāng)時我就去看世博會了。Ifshedidn'tspeakafewlanguages，shewouldn'thavegotthatjob.如果她不會說幾種語言，她就不能得到那份工作了。[即時演練2]單句語法填空①Wewouldbe(be)backinthehotelnowifyoudidn'tlosethemap.②MaybeifIhadstudied(study)science，andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.③IfIwerenottomakeapreparationformyexperimentthismorning,Iwouldhavegone(go)toseethefilmwithyoulastnight.④Ifhehadlistened(listen)tome,hewouldnotbeinsuchtroublenow.⑤Ifyouhadnotstudiedtheproblemcarefully,youwouldfind(find)itdifficultnow.三、虛擬條件句的特殊用法1．省掉if的條件從句構(gòu)造假設(shè)條件句把if省略，那么需要把were，had，should放在主語前，形成局部倒裝構(gòu)造。Hadyoutakenmyadvice,youwouldn'thavefailedintheexamination.(＝Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn'thavefailedintheexamination.)如果你聽了我的建議，你就不會考試不及格了。2．含蓄虛擬條件句有時虛擬條件不用條件從句而用不定式、分詞、介詞、名詞、連接詞、定語從句、短語或上下文暗示(常見without，butfor，otherwise，or等表達(dá))，此時句子的時態(tài)要依具體情況而定。Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.(＝IfIhadn'tbeenbusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.)我那天很忙，否那么，我就和他們一起去那兒了。Withoutelectricity(＝Iftherewerenoelectricity)，lifewouldbequit