2023屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)：不定式課件 (共41張PPT)

不定式1.動詞名詞化（主語，賓語，表語，同位語）2.賓語補足語，狀語，定語，獨立成分3.不定式的省略4.不定式的形式（否定式，時態(tài)，語態(tài)，主動表被動）不定式（短語）作主語To

love

is

to

be

loved.

愛別人就是被人愛。

To

teach

is

to

give.

教書就是奉獻。

注意：前后一致

Tips:(1)在口語中，動詞不定式作主語時常用形式主語it，而真正的主語則被置于句子后部。

It

is

of

great

importance

to

solve

the

housing

problem.

解決住房問題是很重要的。

It

will

take

me

three

hours

to

do

this

job.

干這個工作我花了三個小時。

Itis+adj.\n.+todosth.Itisnouse\good,notanyuse\good,uselessdoing

sth.(2)假如動詞不定式要帶邏輯主語，則需用介詞of

或for來引導(dǎo)。

It's

good

for

me

to

have

a

talk

with

you.

我很高興和你交談。

It

is

cruel

of

man

to

kill

animals

in

such

a

casual

manner.

人類如此隨便地屠殺動物，真是殘忍。區(qū)別：句型的轉(zhuǎn)換sbbe+adj.+todosth.能用于介詞of結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有：good,

nice,

kind,

bad,

cruel,

wicked,

clever,bright,

wise,

silly,

foolish,

stupid,

selfless,sensible,

selfish,

insensible,

polite,

fair,

generous,

rude,

unfair,

mean等。這些形容詞主要表示做這件事的人的品格或素質(zhì)。

能用于介詞for

結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有：important,

necessary,

impossible,

better,

worse,

easy,

difficult

heavy,

light等。

動詞不定式（短語）作賓語

只能接todo的動詞及短語

manage，afford，makeupone’smind等只能接doing的動詞及短語

admit,imagine,giveup,can’tstand等既能接todo又能接doing的動詞，兩者的區(qū)別

forget,regret,stop,try,goon等注意allow,permit,forbid,advise,的用法Wedon’tallowstudentstosmoke.allowsb.todo

sth.Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.allowdoing

sth.動詞不定式（短語）作表語

Myjobistohelpthepatient.特殊疑問詞+不定式在句中起名詞的作用，可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語等Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.Wheretogoisnotdecided.動詞不定式（短語）作賓語補足語（1）能夠帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞：

make,keep,leave,have,find,see,notice等

Leave

him

to

do

it

himself.

讓他自個兒去做。

（2）在一些動詞后，用作賓語補語的動詞不定式符號to

要省略掉。這類動詞包括感官動詞以及使役動詞：feel,

observe,

see,

hear,

watch,

notice,

have,

make,

let

等。

I

heard

her

sing

a

song

in

thenext

room

yesterday.

我昨天聽見她在隔壁唱過一首歌。

I

had

John

fix

my

bike.

我讓約翰修理我的自行車（3）但如果句子為被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式（短語）要帶to（let

除外）。She

was

heard

to

sing

a

song

in

the

next

room

yesterday

The

boy

was

made

to

go

to

bed

early.

這男孩被迫早上床睡覺。（4）有些動詞后面的賓語補語常常是to

be，這樣的動詞有：believe,consider,declare,imagine,know,prove,understand,find,suppose等

I

will

consider

him

to

be

an

honest

man.

我會認(rèn)為他是一個誠實的人。She

was

believed

to

be

innocent.

大家都相信她是清白的。

動詞不定式（短語）作定語動詞不定式（短語）作定語需后置;與所修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系或主謂關(guān)系。（1）當(dāng)被修飾的名詞前有最高級，序數(shù)詞，the

only等強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)修飾時，或被修飾的詞是不定代詞如everything,

anything,

much,

little

等時，非謂語動詞作定語則只能用動詞不定式。

He

was

the

last

to

realize

the

importance

of

this

problem.

他沒有及時意識到問題的重要性。

（主謂關(guān)系）（2）have…todo

Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.

（動賓關(guān)系）（3）Therebe…Thereisalotofworktodo.（動賓關(guān)系）（4）動詞的搭配影響變成名詞之后的搭配

Idon’ttrusthispromisetocomeforavisit.

n.

promisetodosth.

v.當(dāng)動詞不定式（短語）作定語與所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，且不定式的動詞是不及物動詞時,后面需要跟介詞。

Mr.Brownhasabighousetolivein.Who

is

the

man

to

talk

to?

要談話的人是誰？

He

is

a

tough

teacher

to

deal

with.

他是個很難對付的老師。

I

need

a

pen

to

write

with.

我需要一支筆寫字

動詞不定式（短語）作狀語（1）目的狀語

He

called

to

say

goodbye.

他打電話來道別。

Tips：

▲如要表示強調(diào)，置于句首，則用短語in

ordertodo,

不能用so

astodo。In

order

to

catch

the

first

bus,

we

have

to

get

up

early.

為了趕上早班車，我們只得早起。

▲否定必須用in

order

not

todo或so

as

not

todo，不能用not

+

動詞不定式（短語）。Let's

hurry

so

as

not

to

be

late

for

class.

咱們快點，免得上課遲到。（2）結(jié)果狀語

（表示出乎意料的結(jié)果）

We

rushed

to

the

railway

station

only

tofind

the

train

had

just

left.

我們匆匆趕到火車站，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車剛剛離開了。

He

studied

hard

only

to

fail.

他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，但卻沒及格。

She

went

to

South

China

five

years

ago,

never

to

return.

她五年前去了華南，結(jié)果從未返回。

動詞不定式（短語）作獨立成分

動詞不定式（短語）可以用來作句子的獨立成分。這些短語有：

to

begin

with（首先）,to

be

brief（簡言之），to

tell

the

truth

（說實在的）,

to

make

a

long

story

short（長話短說）,

to

be

exact（確切地說）,

to

be

frank

（坦率地說）,

to

conclude（總而言之）等。To

begin

with,

I'd

like

to

introduce

myself

to

you

all.

首先，我想給你們作一下自我介紹。

To

be

frank

with

you,

I

don't

love

you

any

more.

老實對你說吧，我已經(jīng)不再愛你了。To

conclude,

energy

is

exhaustible,

so

we

have

to

preserve

it

for

our

future

generations.

總而言之，能量并不是用之不竭的，因此我們必須為后代保留一些。

動詞不定式（短語）作同位語

說明被修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容

My

hope,

to

be

a

doctor,

has

been

realized.

我當(dāng)醫(yī)生的夢想已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了。

His

wish,

to

land

on

the

moon,

will

hardly

come

true.

他登上月球的愿望很難成真動詞不定式的省略動詞不定式省略to

的各種用法

(1)在感官動詞和使役的動詞后面作賓補時see,heard,have,make,let等

(2)當(dāng)why,

why

not

表示建議時，后面的動詞不定式省去to。Why

not

come

and

see

me?

何不到我這兒來？

Why

get

up

so

early?

為何起的這么早？

(3)在下面這些短語后面時，動詞不定式省去to.

rather

than;

would

rather

…

than;had

better;

can't

(couldn't)

help

but;

can't

but

等

I'd

like

to

stay

at

home

rather

than

go

to

school.

我寧愿呆在家里，也不愿去上學(xué)。

He

would

rather

die

than

give

in.

他寧死不屈。

We'd

better

stop

arguing.

我們最好不要爭執(zhí)了。

We

can't

help

but

go

home

on

foot.

我們沒法子，只能步行回家。

(4)but和except

前有實義動詞do時，其后充當(dāng)賓語的不定式要省略to

We

can

do

nothing

but

wait.

除了等待,我們別無他法。

She

can

do

everything

but

dance.

除了不會跳舞,她什么都行。

candonothingbutdosth.（別無選擇只能做）

havenothingtodobutdosth.havenochoicebuttodosth.

do

anything

\everythingbut\exceptdo

(5)由what

引導(dǎo)的主語從句中有實義動詞do或主語被定語從句修飾，而定語從句中的謂語動詞是實義動詞do

(did,

does)

時,

作表語的動詞不定式（短語）的to可省去。

The

most

important

thing

I

should

do

is

(to)

find

a

job.

對我來說眼下最要緊的是找份工作。

What

he

must

do

now

is

(to)

apologize

to

his

teacher

for

being

late.

他現(xiàn)在必須做的是因遲到而向老師道歉。

All

I

can

do

is

(to)

cry.

除了哭，我別無法子。

(6)為避免重復(fù)，有時可用不定式的符號to來代替動詞不定式。

---Would

you

like

to

have

some

coffee?

---Yes,

I'd

like

to.

If

you

don't

want

to

buy

it,

you

don't

need

to.

假如你不想買的話，你就不要買。

Tips：

▲可以這樣省略主要動詞的動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有:hope

to,

agree

to,

be

willing

to,wantto,refuse

to,fail

to,manage

to,would

like

to,offer

to等。

▲在特定的上下文中,為了避免重復(fù),如果不定式為一般式tobe...或完成式tohavedone時,則不定式符號to和be或have常一并保留。如:－Aren’tyoutheheadmaster?

你難道不是校長嗎？－No,andIdon’twanttobe.

我不是,而且我也不想當(dāng)。－Hasn’thefinishedwritingthereport?

難道他還沒寫完報告嗎?

－No,butheoughttohave.

是的,但他本來應(yīng)該寫完。動詞不定式的否定式

動詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)由not

或never

加動詞不定式（短語）構(gòu)成。

We

decided

not

to

go

there.

我們決定不去那兒了。

I

wished

never

to

see

him

again.

我希望永不再見到她。

The

background

music

in

an

assembly

line

is

designed

not

to

be

listened

to.

流水線里的背景音樂不是供人欣賞的。

動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)

時態(tài)：

▲

動詞不定式的一般式

表示的動作與謂語動詞的動作是同時發(fā)生或?qū)⒃谄浜蟀l(fā)生。

They

are

learning

to

sing

and

dance.

他們在學(xué)習(xí)歌舞。

We

have

to

get

some

money

to

buy

a

TV

set.

我們得賺些錢來買臺電視機?！?/p>

動詞不定式的進行式

表示的動作是與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生的，而且正在進行中。該結(jié)構(gòu)也常常和always,

constantly,

rapidly,

fast,

slowly等副詞連用。

The

weather

seems

to

be

improving.

天氣似乎在好轉(zhuǎn)。

He

seemed

always

to

be

washing

his

hands.

他好象老是在洗手?！鴦釉~不定式的完成式

表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語的動作之前。

I

am

pleased

to

have

seen

you.

見到了你，我很高興。

He

pretended

not

to

have

seen

me

when

passing

by

yesterday.

他昨天從我身邊經(jīng)過時假裝沒看到我。

語態(tài)：

動詞不定式的被動式

I

felt

a

little

bit

puzzled

to

be

asked

such

a

question.

被問了這樣一個問題，我有點迷惑不解。

（被動式的一般式）

This

infectious

disease

is

said

to

have

been

wiped

out

many

years

ago.

這種傳染病據(jù)說好多年前就已經(jīng)滅絕了。

（被動式的完成式）不定式的主動語態(tài)表示被動的情況

(1)句型：S.+be

+

adj.

+

todo

作表語的某些形容詞被動詞不定式修飾時，動詞不定式與主語之間存在著邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，動詞不定式可以用主動式代替被動式。

This

problem

is

difficult

to

solve.

這個問題很難解決。

That

novel

is

easy

to

read.

那本小說較容易讀。

Tips：

可以這樣用的形容詞有:fine,hard,heavy,nice,possible,important,strange,difficult,expensivepainful,pleasant,simple,easy,safe,convenientdangerous,

等(2)

there

+

be句型中

動詞不定式可以用主動式來表示被動的含義。

There

are

a

lot

of

people

(for

me)

to

visit.

有好多人要拜訪。

There

is

much

work

to

do\tobedone.

有許多工作要做。

(3)have

+

賓語

+

todo

中

have

表示“有”，而不定式與賓語之間存在著邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，并且句子的主語是不定式動作的發(fā)出者時，動詞不定式一般用主動式。

I

have

a

lot

of

meetings

to

attend

this

week.

本周我有許多會議要參加。

區(qū)別：

Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed,sir?（句子的主語不是不定式動作的發(fā)出者）

(4)在too…

to…,

enough

to

結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞不定式總是用主動語態(tài)。

This

essay

is

too

difficult

to

read.

這篇文章很難讀。

This

problem

is

easy

enough

to

deal

with.

這個問題處理起來很簡單

(5)不定式做表語，主動形式表示被動含義的短語有

to

blame,

to

let.

Who

is

to

blame?

誰該受到責(zé)備？

The

house

is

to

let.

該房屋出租。

Exercise:1.

Helen

had

to

shout

____

above

the

sound

of

the

music.

A.

making

herself

hear

B.

to

make

herself

hear

C.

making

herself

heard

D.

to

make

herself

heard2.

Reading

is

an

experience

quite

different

from

watching

TV;

there

are

pictures

___

in

your

mind

instead

of

before

your

eyes.

A.

to

form

B.

form

C.

forming

D.

having

formed

3.

You

were

silly

not

___

your

car.

A.

to

lock

B.

to

have

locked

C.

locking

D.

having

locked

4.

I

don’t

know

whether

you

happen

____

that

I’m

going

to

study

in

the

U.

S.

A.

this

September.

A.

to

be

heard

B.

to

be

hearing

C.

to

hear

D.

to

have

heard5.

The

news

reporters

hurried

to

the

airport,

only___

the

film

stars

had

left.

A.

to

tell

B.

to

be

told

C.

telling

D.

told

6.

If

you

are

planning

to

spend

your

money

having

fun

this

week,

better

___

it--------—you’ve

got

some

big

bills

coming.

A.

forget

B.

forgot

C.

forgetting

D.

to

forget

7.

The

flu

is

believed

____

by

viruses

that

like

to

reproduce

in

the

cells

inside

the

human

nose

and

throat.

A.

cause

B.

being

caused

C.

to

be

caused

D.

to

have

caused

8.

Robert

is

said

________

abroad,

but

I

don’t

know

what

country

he

studied

in.

A.

to

have

studied

B.

to

study

C.

to

be

studying

D.

to

have

been

studying

9.

Robert

is

said

______

abroad,

but

I

don’t

know

what

country

he

studied

in.

A.

to

have

studied

B.

to

study

C.

to

be

studying

D.

to

have

been

studying

10.

I’ve

worked

with

child

before,

so

I

know

what

________

in

my

new

job.

A.

expected

B.

to

expect

C.

to

be

expecting

D.

expect

11.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen12.Thepoliteaskedthepassengersonboardtoremain_____astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating

13.

The

purpose

of

new

technology

is

to

make

life

easier,

____it

more

difficult.

A

.not

making

B.

not

make

C

.not

to

make

D.

nor

to

make

14.

An

army

spokesman

stressed

that

all

the

soldiers

had

been

ordered

_____clear

warnings

before

firing

any

shots.

A

.to

issue

B.

being

issued

C.

to

have

issued

D.

to

be

issued15.

The

bank

is

reported

in

the

local

newspaper_________

in

broad

daylight

yesterday.

A.

robbed

B.

to

have

been

robbed

C.

being

robbed

D.

having

been

robbed

16.

A

number

of

paintings

in

the

castle

are

believed

________in

a

fire.

A.

being

destroyed

B.

having

been

destroyed

C.

to

be

destroyed

D.

to

have

been

destroyed

17.

The

meeting