2022考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案

2023年最新整理——考試真題資料2023年最新整理——考試真題資料2023年最新整理——考試真題資料2022考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案

SectionIVocabulary

Directions:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthissection.Foreachsentence

therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletes

thesentenceandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

1.Oilisanimportant______materialwhichcanbeprocessedintomanydifferent

products,includingplastics.

ArawBbleakCflexibleDfertile

2.ThehighlivingstandardsoftheUScauseitspresentpopulationto____25

percentoftheworld’soil.

AassumeBconsumeCresumeDpresume

3.Youshouldn’tbeso___---Ididn’tmeananythingbadinwhatIsaid.

AsentimentalBsensibleCsensitiveDsophisticated

4.Picassowasanartistwhofundamentallychangedthe___ofartforlater

generations.

A.philosophyBconceptCviewpointDtheme

5.Memberstateshadtheoptionto____fromthisagreementwithoneyear’snotice.

AdenyBobjectCsuspectDwithdraw

6.Thetwocountriesachievedsomeprogressinthesphereoftrade

relations,traditionallyasourceof____irritation.

AmutualBoptionalCneutralDparallel

7.Williamshadnotbeenthereduringthe___momentswhenthekidnappinghad

takenplace.

AsuperiorBrigorousCvitalDunique

8.TravelaroundJapantoday,andoneseesforeignresidentsawide____ofjobs.

ArangeBfieldCscaleDarea

9.Modernmanufacturinghas___aglobalriverofmaterialsintoastunningarray

ofnewproducts.

AtranslatedBtransformedCtransferredDtransported10.LightninghasbeenthesecondlargeststormkillerintheUSoverthepast

40yearsandis____onlybyflood.

AexceededBexcelledCexcludedDextended

11.Voiceswere____astheargumentbetweenthetwomotoristsbecamemore

bad-tempered.

swollenB.increasedC.developedD.raised

12.Somesuffererswillquicklyberestoredtoprefecthealth,___otherswill

takealongertime.

A.whichB.whereC.whenD.whereas

13.Mybrotherlikeseatingverymuchbutheisn’tvery___aboutthefoodhe

eats.

A.specialB.peculiarC.particularD.unusual

14.BritainmightstillbepartofFranceifitweren’t____adisastrousflood

200.000yearsago,accordingtoscientistsfromImperialCollegeinLondon.

A.uponB.withC.inD.for

15.Thewaterprizeisaninternationalawardthat__outstandingcontributions

towardssolvingglobalwaterproblems.

A.recognizesB.requiresC.releasesD.relays

16.Inits14yearsof_--------____,theEuropeanUnionhasearnedthescorn

ofitscitizensandskepticismfromtheUnitedStates.

A.enduranceB.emergenceC.existenceD.eminence

17.Hisexcuseforbeinglatethismorningwashiscarhad__inthesnow.

A.startedupB.gotstuckC.setbackD.stoodby

18.____widespreadbeliefcockroaches(螳螂)wouldnottakeovertheworldif

therewerenoaroundtosteponthem.

A.InviewofB.ThankstoC.IncaseofD.Contraryto

19.Consciouslyornot,ordinarycitizensandgovernmentbureaucrats

still_____thenotionthatJapanesesocietyisauniqueculture.

A.fitinwithB.lookdownonC.clingtoD.holdback

20.Asyoucanseebyyourself,things____tobeexactlyastheprofessorhadforeseen.

A.turnedinB.turnedoutC.turnedupD.turneddown

SectionIICloze(10points)

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Foreachnumberedblanktherearefour

choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswersonANSWER

SHEET1.(10points)

OlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryearsatadifferentsite,inwhich

athletes_21__differentnationscompeteagainsteachotherina__22_of

sports.TherearetwotypesofOlympics,theSummerOlympicsandthewinter

Olympics.

Inorderto__23__theOlympics,acitymustsubmitaproposaltothe

internationalOlympiccommittee(IOC).Afterallproposalshavebeen_24___,the

IOCvotes.Ifonecityissuccessfulingainingamajorityinthefirstvote,the

citywiththefewestvotesiseliminated,andvotingcontinues

with__25__rounds,untilamajoritywinnerisdetermined.TypicallytheGames

areawardedseveralyearsinadvance,__26__thewinningcitytimetoprepare

fortheGames.Inselectingthe_27__oftheOlympicGames,theIOCconsidersa

numberoffactors,chiefamongthemwhichcityhas,orpromisestobuild,the

bestfacilities,andwhichorganizingcommitteeseemsmostlikelyto_28__the

Gameseffectively.

TheIOCalso_29__whichpartsoftheworldhavenotyethostedthe

Games._30__,Tolkyo,Japan,thehostofthe1964SummerGames,andMexico

city,Mexico,thehostofthe1968summerGames,werechosen_31__topopularize

theOlympicmovementInAsiaandinLatinAmerica.

_32__thegrowingimportanceoftelevisionworldwide,theIOCinrecentyears

hasalsotakeninto_33__thehostcity’stimezone._34__theGamestakeplace

intheUnitedStatesorCanada,forexample,Americantelevisionnetworksare

willingtopay_35___higheramountsfortelevisionrightsbecausetheycan

broadcastpopularevents__36____,inprimeviewinghours.

___37__theGameshavebeenawarded.Itistheresponsibilityofthelocalorganizingcommitteetofinancethem.Thisisoftendonewithaportionofthe

Olympictelevision___38_andwithcorporatesponsorships,ticketsales,and

othersmallerrevenuesources.Inmany__39___thereisalsodirectgovernment

support.

AlthoughmanycitieshaveachievedafinancialprofitbyhostingtheGames,the

Olympicscanbefinancially__40___.WhentherevenuesfromtheGameswereless

thanexpected,thecitywasleftwithlargedebts.

21.A.inB.forC.ofD.from

22.A.lotB.numberC.varietyD.series

23.A.hostB.takeC.runD.organize

24.A.supportedB.submittedC.substitutedD.subordinated

25.A.suggestiveB.successfulC.successiveD.succeeding

26.A.lettingB.settingC.permittingD.allowing

27.A.siteB.spotC.locationD.place

28.A.stateB.stageC.startD.sponsor

29.A.thinksB.reckonsC.considersD.calculates

30.A.ForinstanceB.AsaresultC.InbriefD.Onthewhole

31.A.intimeB.inpartC.incaseD.incommon

32.A.SinceB.BecauseC.AsforD.Becauseof

33.A.amountB.accountC.accordD.acclaim

34.A.HoweverB.WhateverC.WheneverD.Wherever

35.A.greatlyB.handsomelyC.meaningfullyD.significantly

36.A.liveB.livingC.aliveD.lively

37.A.UntilB.UnlessC.WhetherD.Once

38.A.incomesB.interestsC.revenuesD.returns

39.A.casesB.conditionsC.chancesD.circumstances

40.A.safeB.riskyC.temptingD.feasible

SectionⅢReadingComprehension

Directions:Therearefourpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowed

bysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblacken

thecorrespondingletteronANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

LastweekendKyleMacDonaldinMontrealthrewapartytocelebratethefact

thathegothisnewhomeinexchangeforaredpaperclip.Startingayear

ago,MacDonaldbarteredtheclipforincreasinglyvaluablestuff,includinga

campstoveandfreerentinaPhoenixflat.Havingannouncedhisaim(the

house)inadvance,MacDonaldlikelygotaboostfromtechieseagertoseethe

Internetpassthisdaringtestofitsnetworkingpower.“Mywholemotto(座

右銘)was‘Startsmall,thinkbig,andhavefun’,〞saysMacDonald,26,“Ireally

keptmyeffortonthecreativesideratherthanthebusinessside.〞

YetasoddastheMacDonaldexchangewas,barterisnowbigbusinessonthe

Net.Thisyearmorethan400,000companiesworldwidewillexchangesome$10

billionworthofgoodsandservicesonagrowingnumberofbartersites.These

Websitesallowcompaniestotradeproductsforavirtualcurrency,whichthey

canusetobuygoodsfromothermembers.InIceland,garment-makerKapusalan

sellsathirdofitsoutputontheboomingVidskiptanetidexchange,earning

virtualmoneythatitusestobuymachineryandpaypartofemployee

salaries.TheTroc-servicesexchangeinFranceoffersmorethan4,600

services,frommathlessonstoironing.

Thisisnotaprimitivebartersystem.Bycreatingcurrencies,theInternet

removesamajorbarrier—whatBobMeyer,publisherofBarterNews,calls“the

doublecoincidenceofwants.〞Thatis,twopartiesoncenotonlyhadtofind

eachother,butalsoanexchangeofgoodsthatbothdesired.Now,theycanprice

thedealinvirtualcurrency.

Barteralsohelpsfirmsmakeuseofidlecapacity.Forexample,advertisingis

“hugelybartered〞becausemanymedia,particularlyontheWebcansupplynew

adspaceatlittlecost.Moreover,Internetadsdon’tregisterin

industry-growthstatistics,becausemanyexchangesarearrangedoutsidethe

formalexchanges.LikeeBay,mostbartersitesallowmembersto“grade〞tradingpartnersfor

honestyqualityandsoon..Barterexchangescanallowfirmsincountrieswith

hyperinflationornontradablecurrenciestoenterglobaltrades.Nextyear,a

nonprofitexchangecalledQuickLiftTwo(QL2)planstoopeninNairobi,offering

barterdealsto38,000Kenyanfarmersinremoteareas.Twosmallplaneswill

deliverthegoods.QL2directorGaciiWaciumasaysthefarmersareexcitedto

be“l(fā)iberatedfromcorruptmiddlemen.〞Forthem,barterevokesabright

future,notaprecapitalistpast.

41.Theword“techies〞(Line4,Para1)probablyreferstothosewhoare___.

A.afraidoftechnologyB.skilledintechnology

C.ignorantoftechnologyD.incompetentintechnology

42.ManypeoplemayhavedeliberatelyhelpedKylebecausethey___.

A.wereimpressedbyhiscreativityB.wereeagertoidentifywithhismotto

C.likedhisgoalannouncedinadvanceD.hopedtoprovethepoweroftheInternet

43.TheInternetbartersystemreliesheavilyon___.

A.thesizeofbarterstiesB.theuseofvirtualcurrency

C.thequalityofgoodsorservicesD.thelocationoftradingcompanies]

44.ItisimpliesthatInternetadvertisementscanhelp___.

ApaniesmakemoreprofitBpaniesdoformalexchanges

C.mediaregisterinstatisticsD.mediagradebartersites

45.WhichofthefollowistrueofQL2accordingtotheauthor?

A.Itiscriticizedfordoingbusinessinaprimitiveway.

B.Itaimstodealwithhyperinflationinsomecountries.

C.Ithelpsgetridofmiddlemenintradeandexchange.

D.Itisintendedtoevaluatetheperformanceoftradingpartners.

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

ThelivesofveryfewNewarkresidentsareuntouchedbyviolence:NewJersey’

sbiggestcityhasseenitall.Yetthemurderofthreeyoungpeople,whowere

forcedtokneelbeforebeingshotinthebackoftheheadinaschoolplaygroundonAugust4th,hasshakenthecity.Afourth,whosurvived,wasstabbedandshot

intheface.Thefourvictimswerebyallaccountsgoodkids,allenrolledin

college,allwithafuture.Butthecruelmurder,itseems,hasatlastforced

Newarkerstosaytheyhavehadenough.

Grassrootsorganizations,likeStopShooting,havebeenfloodedwithoffersof

helpandsupportsincethekillings.YusefIsmail,itsco-founder,saysthegroup

hasbeengoingdoor-to-dooraskingpeopletosignapledgeofnon-violence.They

hopetoget50,000topromiseto“stopshooting,startthinking,andkeep

living.〞TheNewarkCommunityFoundation,whichwaslaunchedlast

month,announcedonAugust14ththatitwillhelppayforCommunityEye,a

surveillance(監(jiān)視)systemtailoredtowardsguncrime.

CoryBookerwhobecamemayor13monthsagowithamissiontorevitalizethe

city,believesthesurveillanceprogramwillbethelargestcameraandaudio

networkinanyAmericancity.Morethan30cameraswereinstalledearlierthis

summerandafurther50willbeinstalledsooninaseven-squaremilearea

where80%ofthecity’srecentshootingshaveoccurred.Andmorecamerasare

planned.

Whenagunshotisdetected,thesurveillancecamerazoomsinonthat

spot.SimilartechnologyinChicagohasincreasedarrestsanddecreased

shootings.Mr.Bookerplanstoannounceacomprehensivegunstrategylaterthis

week.

Mr.Booker,aswellaschurchleadersandothers,believes(orhopes)thatafter

themurderthecitywillnolongerstandbyincoldness.Forgenerations,Newark

hasbeenparalyzedbypoverty----almostoneinthreepeoplelivesbelowthe

povertyline----andgrowingindifferencetocrime.

Someareskeptical.SteveMalangaoftheconservativeManhattanInstitutenotes

thatNewarkhasdeepsocialproblems:over60%ofchildrenareinhomeswithout

fathers.Theschoolsystem,takenoverbythestatein1995,isamess.Butthere

isalsosomecauseforhope.SinceMr.Bookerwaselected,therehasbeenarise

ininvestmentandre-zoningfordevelopment.Onlyaround7%ofnearbyNewarkairportworkersusedtocomefromNewark;now,ayear,thefigureis30%.MrBooker

haslaunchedaNewYork-stylewaroncrime.Sofarthisyear,crimehasfallen

11%andshootingsaredown30%(throughthemurderratelookslikelytomatch

lastyear’shigh).

46.WhathappenedinNewark,NewJerseyonAugust4th?

A.TheNewarkresidentswitnessedamurder.

B.Fouryoungpeoplewerekilledinaschoolplayground.

C.ThenewmayorofNewarktookoffice.

D.Fourcollegestudentsfellvictimtoviolence.

47.Judgingfromthecontext,the“CommunityEye〞(Line5,Para2)is_____

A.awatchingsystemforguncrimeB.aneighborhoodprotectionorganization

C.anunprofitablecommunitybusinessD.agrassrootsorganization

48.WelearnfromthepassagethatNewarkhasallthefollowingproblems

EXCEPT_____

A.violenceB.flood

C.povertyD.indifference

49.MayorBooker’seffortagainstcrimeseemtobe______

A.idealisticB.impractical

C.effectiveD.fruitless

50.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe_____

A.StopShooting,StartThinking,andKeepLiving

B.EffortstoFightagainstGunCrimes

C.AMissiontoRevitalizetheCity

D.ViolentMurdersinNewark

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Accordingtoarecentsurveyonmoneyandrelationships,36percentofpeople

arekeepingabankaccountfromtheirpartner.Whilethisfinancial

unfaithfulnessmayappearasdistrustinarelationship,intruthitmayjust

beaformoffinancialprotection.

Withalmosthalfofallmarriagesendingindivorce,menandwomenarerealizingtheyneedtobefinanciallysavvy,regardlessofwhethertheyareina

relationship.

Thefinancialhardshiponindividualsafteradivorcecanbeextremely

difficult,evenmoresowhenchildrenareinvolved.Thelackofpermanencyin

relationships,jobsandfamilylifemaybethecauseofagrowingtrendtokeep

asecretbankaccounthiddenfromapartner;inotherwords,an〞escapefund〞.

Margaret’sstoryisfarfromunique.Sheisarepresentativeofagrowingnumber

ofwomeninlong-termrelationshipswhoarebecomingprotectiveoftheirown

earnings.

Everymonthonpayday,shebankshundredsofdollarsintoasavingsaccount

shekeepsfromherhusband.Shehasbeendoingthisthroughouttheirsix-year

marriageandhasbuiltanesteggworthanincredible$100,000ontopofher

pension.

Margaretsaysifherhusbandfoundoutabouthersecretsavingshe’dhurt

andwouldinterpretthisasasignshewasn’tsureofthemarriage.〞He’

dthinkitwasmyescapefunsothatfinanciallyIcouldaffordtogetout

oftherelationshipifitwentwrong.Iknowyoushouldapproachmarriageas

beingforeverandIhopeoursis,butyoucanneverbesure.〞

Likemanyofherfellowsecretsavers,Margaretwasstunginaformer

relationshipandhassincebeenveryguardedaboutherownmoney.

Comingcleantoyourpartneraboutbeingasecretsavermaynotbeallthat

bad.TakeColleenforexample,whohadbeensavingsecretlyforafewyears

beforesheconfessedtoherpartner.〞Idecidedtoopenasavingsaccountand

startbuildinganesteggofmyown.IwantedtoprovetomyselfthatIcould

putmoneyinthebankandleaveitthereforarainyday.〞

“WhenJohnfoundoutaboutmysecretsavings,hewasalittlesuspiciousof

mymotives.Ireassuredhimthatthiswascertainlynotanescapefundthat

Ifeelverysecureinoutrelationship.Ihavetoadmitthatitdoesfeelgood

tohavemyownmoneyonreserveifevertherearerainydaysinthefuture.It’

ssensibletobuildandprotectyourpersonalfinancialsecurity.〞51.Thetrendtokeepasecretbankaccountisgrowingbecause______

A.escapefundhelpsonethroughrainydaysB.daysaregettingharderandharder

C.womenaremoneysensitiveD.financialconflictsoftenoccur

52.Theword“savvy〞(Line2,Para2)probablymeans_______

A.suspiciousB.secure

C.shrewdD.simple

53.WhichinferencecanwemakeaboutMargaret?

A.Sheisauniquewoman.B.Shewasoncedivorced.

C.Sheisgoingtoretire.D.Shehasmanychildren.

54.TheauthormentionsColleen’sexampletoshow_____

A.anycouplecanavoidmarriageconflicts

B.privacywithinmarriageshouldberespected

C.everyonecansaveafortunewithahappymarriage

D.financialdisclosureisnotnecessarilybad

55.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarythispassage?

A.SecretSaversB.LoveIsWhatIt’sWorth

C.BankingHonestyD.OnceBitten,TwiceShy

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

“Theword‘protection’isnolongertaboo(禁忌語(yǔ))〞.Thisshort

sentence,utteredbyFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozylastmonth,mayhave

launchedaneweraineconomichistory.Why?Fordecades,Westernleadershave

believedthatloweringtradebarriersandtariffswasanaturalgood.Doing

so,theyreasoned,wouldleadtogreatereconomicefficiencyand

productivity,whichinturnwouldimprovehumanwelfare.Championingfreetrade

thusbecameamoral,notjustaneconomic,cause.

Theseleaders,ofcourse,weren’tactingoutofunselfishness.Theyknewtheir

economieswerethemostcompetitive,sothey’dprofitmostfrom

liberalization.Anddevelopingcountriesfearedthattheireconomieswouldbe

swampedbysuperiorWesternproductivity.Today,however,thetableshave

turned---thoughfewacknowledgeit.TheWestcontinuestopreachfreetrade,butpracticesitlessandless.Asian,meanwhile,continuestopleadforspecial

protectionbutpracticesmoreandmorefreetrade.

That’swhySarkozy’swordsweresoimportant:hefinallyinjectedsomehonesty

intothetradedebates.ThetruthisthatlargepartsoftheWestarelosing

faithintreetrade,thoughfewleadersadmitit.Someeconomistsaremore

honest.PaulKrugmanisoneofthefewwillingtoacknowledgethatprotectionist

argumentsarereturning.Intheshortrun,therewillbewinnersandlosersunder

freetrade.This,ofcourse,iswhatcapitalismisallabout.Butmoreandmore

oftheseloserswillbeintheWest,Economistsinthedevelopedworldused

tolovequotingJonophSchumpeter,whosaidthat‘creativedestruction〞was

anessentialpartofcapitalistgrowth.Buttheyalwaysassumedthat

destructionwouldhappenoverthere.WhenWesternworkersbeganlosing

jobs,suddenlytheirleadersbegantolosefaithintheirprinciples,Things

haveyettoreversecompletely.Butthere’sclearlyanegativetrendina

Westerntheoryandpractice.

Alittlehypocrisy(虛偽)isnotinitselfaseriousproblem.Therealproblem

isthatWesterngovernmentscontinuetoinsistthattheyretaincontrolof

thekeyglobaleconomicandfinancialinstitutionswhiledriftingawayfrom

globalliberalization.Lockatwhat’shappeningattheIMF(International

MonetaryFund)TheEuropeanshavedemandedthattheykeepthepostofmanaging

director.Butalltoooften,Westernofficialsputtheirowninterestsabove

everyoneelse’swhentheydominatetheseglobalinstitutions.

ThetimehasthereforecomefortheAsians-whoareclearlythenewwinners

intoday’sglobaleconomy-toprovidemoreintellectualleadershipin

supportingfreetrade:Sadly,theyhaveyettodoso.UnlessAsiansspeak

out,however,there’sarealdangerthatAdamSmith’sprinciples,whichhave

broughtsomuchgoodtotheworld,couldgraduallydie.Andthatwouldleave

allofus,worseoff,inonewayoranother.

56.Itcanbeinferredthat“protection〞(Line1,Para.1)means________

A.improvingeconomicefficiency.B.endingthefree-tradepracticeC.loweringmoralstandardD.raisingtradetariffs

57.TheWesternleaderspreachfreetradebecause________

A.itisbeneficialtotheireconomies

B.itissupportedbydevelopingcountries

C.itmakesthemkeepfaithintheirprinciples

D.itisadvocatedbyJosephSchumpeterandAdamSmith

58.By“thetableshaveturned〞(Line3-4,Para.2)theauthorimplies

that________

A.theWesternleadershaveturnedself-centered

B.theAsianleadershavebecomeadvocatesoffreetrade

C.thedevelopedeconomieshaveturnedlesscompetitive

D.thedevelopingeconomieshavebecomemoreindependent

59.TheWesterneconomiesusedtoliketheideaof“creativedestruction〞

becauseit________

A.setalong-termratherthanshort-turngoal

B.wasanessentialpartofcapitalistdevelopment

C.containedapositiveratherthannegativementality

D.wasmeanttobethedestructionofdevelopingeconomies

60.Theauthoruses“IMF〞wasanexampletoillustratethepointthat_______

A.Europeanleadersarereluctanttoadmittheyarehypocritical

B.thereisaninconsistencybetweenWesterntheoryandpractice

C.globalinstitutionsarenotbeingledbytrueglobalizationadvocates

D.Europeancountries’interestsarebeingignoredbyeconomicleaders

SectionIVTranslation

Directions:InthissectionthereisaparagraphinEnglish.Translateitinto

ChineseandwriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

Theterm〞businessmodel〞firstcameintowidespreadusewiththeinvention

ofpersonalcomputerandthespreadsheet(空白表格程序).Beforethe

spreadsheet,businessplanningusuallymeantproducingasingleforecast.At

best,youdidalittlesensitivityanalysisaroundtheprojection.Thespreadsheetusheredinamuchmoreanalyticapproachtoplanningbecauseevery

majorlineitemcouldbepulledapart,itscomponentsandsubcomponents

analyzedandtested.Youcouldaskwhat-ifquestionsaboutthecritical

assumptionsonwhich.yourbusinessdepended-forexample,whatifcustomersare

moreprice-sensitivethanwethought?-andwithafewkeystrokes,youcouldsee

howanychangewouldplayoutoneveryaspectofthewhole.Inotherwords,you

couldmodelthebehaviorofabusiness.Beforethecomputerchangedthenature

ofbusinessplanning,mostsuccessfulbusinessmodelswerecreatedmoreby

accidentthanbyelaboratedesign.Byenablingcompaniestotietheir

marketplaceinsightsmuchmoretightlytotheresultingeconomics,spreadsheet

madeitpossibletomodelbusinessbeforetheywerelaunched.

SectionVWriting

Directions:Inthispart,youareaskedtowriteacompositionaccordingtothe

informationbelow.Youshouldwritemorethan150wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET

2.(20points)

以往許多人報(bào)考成人高校，是為了圓文憑夢(mèng)。如今，手持本科、碩士文憑，回頭