《考研英語(yǔ)閱讀應(yīng)對(duì)第1真經(jīng)-歷年閱讀真題深度解析》

《2009考研英語(yǔ)閱讀應(yīng)對(duì)第1真經(jīng)——?dú)v年閱讀真題深度解析》部分真題解析內(nèi)容節(jié)選PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisnotbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn'tcutting,filingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe'dliketo,either.Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.“I'magoodeconomicindicator,”shesays.“Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhenthey'reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars.”SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingatmiddle--browDillard'sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus.“Idon'tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too，”shesays.EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan'sadmissionthatAmerica'sred-hoteconomyiscooling,lotsofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.Fromcardealer-shipstoGapoutlets,saleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending.Forretailers,wholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetweenThanksgivingandChristmas,thecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime.Already,expertssay,holidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear'space.Butdon'tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlyconcerned,notpanicked,andmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy'slong-termprospects,evenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening.Consumerssaytheyarenotindespairbecause,despitethedreadfulheadlines,theirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.InManhattan,“there'sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe$4millionto$10millionrange,predominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonuses,”saysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFrancisco,pricesarestillrisingevenasfrenzied(a.狂亂的)overbiddingquiets.“Insteadof20to30offers,nowmaybeyouonlygettwoorthree,”saysJohnDeadly,aBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepajob.Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potentialhomebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldnotmindalittlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeeninfluencedbystock-marketswings,whichinvestorsnowviewasanecessaryingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseeanupside,too.GettingatableatManhattan'shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantneedtobeimpossible.Notanymore.Forthat,Greenspan&Co.maystillbeworthtoasting.（2004年真題）51.By“EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet”(Line1,Paragraph1),theauthormeans____.[A]Sperocanhardlymaintainherbusiness[B]Speroistoomuchengagedinherwork[C]Sperohasgrownoutofherbadhabit[D]Speroisnotinadesperatesituation【解答過(guò)程】解題思路一：從文章中各種帶有感情色彩的短語(yǔ)“don'tsoundanyalarms”，“onlyconcerned,notpanicked”，“remainoptimistic”，“notindespair”，“stillfeelprettygood”，“feelprettycomfortable”和“stillbeworthtoasting”，我們可以看到，作者及美國(guó)人對(duì)整個(gè)?濟(jì)的不景氣持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。ASpero幾乎不能維持他的生意了，如果商業(yè)到了這般狀況，人們還會(huì)對(duì)?濟(jì)樂(lè)觀得起來(lái)嗎？答案是否定的。A違背了文中的基本態(tài)度，排除。BSpero太忙于自己的工作，文中第二句提到了Spero不能修剪、銼磨、上油指甲到他想要的數(shù)量，并且后文中又提到Spero在不斷降低自己的?營(yíng)規(guī)模，均說(shuō)明生意在萎縮，生意不景氣顯然不可能有太多的活要做，排除B。選項(xiàng)CSpero已?改掉了他的壞脾氣，文中根本就沒(méi)有提及這個(gè)內(nèi)容，排除C。選項(xiàng)DSpero并沒(méi)有陷于絕望的境地，正好符合作者的樂(lè)觀態(tài)度基調(diào)，且與后文吻合，所以答案為D。解題思路二：從中心與態(tài)度角度判斷，A偏離文中態(tài)度基調(diào)，B、C談到的均是具體表面的含義，偏離了文章中心，排除。同樣答案為D。52.Howdothepublicfeelaboutthecurrenteconomicsituation?[A]Optimistic.[B]Confused.[C]Carefree.[D]Panicked.【解答過(guò)程】上面已有分析，答案為A樂(lè)觀的。B困惑的，C無(wú)憂慮的（樂(lè)觀并不代表沒(méi)有憂慮，文中談到“onlyconcerned,notpanicked”正是說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn)），D恐慌的，均不符合文意，排除。53.Whenmentioning“the$4millionto$10millionrange”(Paragraph3)theauthoristalkingabout________.[A]goldmarket[B]realestate[C]stockexchange[D]ventureinvestment【解答過(guò)程】對(duì)于這種類似于指代關(guān)系的判斷，通常采用就近?則，即指代的內(nèi)容通常是之前緊鄰的中心詞。因?yàn)槿绻复膬?nèi)容間隔太遠(yuǎn)，容易產(chǎn)生歧義，不符合命題?則。這里，與這句緊鄰的前后作者談?wù)摰木怯嘘P(guān)Homeprices的話題，所以可以斷定“the$4millionto$10millionrange”談?wù)摰氖莚ealestate（地產(chǎn)），答案為B。A黃金市場(chǎng)，文中雖然出現(xiàn)了gold這個(gè)詞，但這里gold充當(dāng)?shù)氖切揎椩~，修飾rush，表示“高漲的”；C股票交易，雖然文章談到了華爾街，但并沒(méi)有談到股票交易，只是說(shuō)華爾街的股息收益提供了“the$4millionto$10millionrange”的資金來(lái)源，而股票的收益又為股票提供資金來(lái)源本身在理論上就說(shuō)不通（如果股息為股票提供資金，股票又賺取股息，豈不是雞生蛋蛋生雞，一張紙左手換到右手就能不斷賺取收益，那還有?去從事實(shí)業(yè)呢?）；D風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資，文中并沒(méi)有提及。54.Whycanmanypeoplesee“silverlinings”totheeconomicshowdown?[A]Theywouldbenefitincertainways.[B]Thestockmarketshowssignsofrecovery.[C]Suchaslowdownusuallyprecedesaboom.[D]Thepurchasingpowerwouldbeenhanced.【解答過(guò)程】解題思路一：雖然有些考生對(duì)于本句話的理解可能不是很清晰，但從該段結(jié)構(gòu)看，段落首句給出該句后，后面均是具體事實(shí)的列舉，由此可以斷定，該句為該段的中心句，這也符合英文表達(dá)的習(xí)慣。該句直譯：對(duì)于此次?濟(jì)的減緩，許多人仍然可以看到銀里子。在這里，我們暫且不管“silverlinings”到底指“銀里子”對(duì)不對(duì)，但我們可以肯定，既然是由“金銀”修飾的名詞，肯定不會(huì)是什么壞東西。那么，我們可以直接把它用“好處”這一具有廣泛含義的詞來(lái)含糊的替代它理解。這句話就轉(zhuǎn)化成了這樣一個(gè)很明確的語(yǔ)義：對(duì)于此次?濟(jì)的減緩，許多人仍然可以看到很多好處。語(yǔ)義明確了，從段落結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容方面我們已斷定該句話就是段落的中心，后面舉例正是對(duì)本中心的具體說(shuō)明，從potentialhomebuyers，employers，diners，gettingatableatManhattan'shotnewAlainDucasserestaurant等幾個(gè)方面來(lái)說(shuō)明這一中心，人們可以在不同的方面獲得一些實(shí)惠，同時(shí)也符合作者樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度基調(diào)（benefit），故答案為A。B股票市場(chǎng)顯示了復(fù)蘇的跡象（文中雖然提到股市，但并沒(méi)提到股市的狀況），C繁榮之前通常有這種衰退，D購(gòu)買力會(huì)得以提高，這三者在文中均沒(méi)有提及。解題思路二：從另一方面來(lái)看，A他們會(huì)從某些方面獲得實(shí)惠。通常，?濟(jì)衰退并非所有的人都得不到利益，不同的人可能會(huì)從不同的方面獲得一些好處。A含義富有彈性，含有特征詞certain，且與現(xiàn)實(shí)邏?吻合，故確定答案為A。解題思路三：把中心與態(tài)度結(jié)合起來(lái)判斷，文章中心描述的是?濟(jì)衰退對(duì)人們生活的影響，作者態(tài)度是樂(lè)觀的，兩者結(jié)合，既涉及到生活方面，又表現(xiàn)出樂(lè)觀態(tài)度（從benefit這一詞可以看出），只有A，故確定答案為A。55.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?[A]Anowboom,onthehorizon.[B]Tightenthebelt,thesingleremedy.[C]Cautionallright,panicnot.[D]Themoreventures,themorechances.【解答過(guò)程】本文談?wù)摰闹行氖?濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度放緩對(duì)美國(guó)人的影響及人們所持的態(tài)度。A即將出現(xiàn)的?濟(jì)繁榮，談到的是濟(jì)的復(fù)興，偏離中心，排除。D風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越多，機(jī)會(huì)越大，談到的是投資，偏離中心，排除。B勒緊腰帶，別無(wú)選擇，態(tài)度過(guò)于低沉，和作者樂(lè)觀態(tài)度相悖，排除。C謹(jǐn)慎一點(diǎn)，無(wú)須恐慌，態(tài)度與作者吻合，且我們可以在文中可以找到依據(jù)“onlyconcerned,notpanicked”，故答案為C?！究偨Y(jié)】本文是2004年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀文章中最難的一篇，其難點(diǎn)在于文中出現(xiàn)了幾個(gè)比較抽象的語(yǔ)句，使考生對(duì)語(yǔ)義的理解不清晰，導(dǎo)致答題時(shí)無(wú)所適從。其實(shí)，在做閱讀理解這類題型時(shí)，我們并不需要把每個(gè)句子都弄清楚。當(dāng)遇到一些模糊概念時(shí)，我們可以跳過(guò)，首先從整體上把握文章中心和作者所持的態(tài)度，再適當(dāng)兼顧細(xì)節(jié)，采用多種不同的技巧答題。如果有些題目還是不能作答的話，我們完全可以選擇放棄，畢竟不是每個(gè)人都能獲得滿分。【記住】進(jìn)入考場(chǎng)之后，好的心態(tài)才是最好的應(yīng)考技巧。Text2Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference,”Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.Thisis“thedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthecasualnessandabsenceofdeference”characteristicofpopularculture.Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite.”thesewerestores“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshoppingintoapublicanddemocraticact.”Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareotherforcesforhomogenization.Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.WritingfortheNationalImmigrationForum,GregoryRodriguezreportsthattoday’simmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelnorresistanttoassimilation.In1998,immigrantswere9.8percentofpopulation;in1900,13.6percent.Inthe10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrantsarrivedforevery1,000residents;inthe10yearspriorto1890,9.2forevery1,000.Now,considerthreeindicesofassimilation—language,homeownershipandintermarriage.The1990censusrevealedthat“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish‘well’or‘verywell’aftertenyearsofresidence.”ThechildrenofimmigrantstendtobebilingualandproficientinEnglish.“Bythethirdgeneration,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrantfamilies.”HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa“graveyard”forlanguage.By1996foreign-bornimmigrantswhohadarrivedbefore1970hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8percentrateamongnative-bornAmericans.Foreign-bornAsiansandHispanics“havehigherratesofintermarriagethandoU.S.-bornwhitesandblacks.”Bythethirdgeneration,onethirdofHispanicwomenaremarriedtonon-Hispanics,and41percentofAsian-Americanwomenaremarriedtonon-Asians.RodrigueznotethatchildreninremotevillagesaroundworldarefansofsuperstarslikeAmoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantlivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation'sassimilativepower.”AretheredivisiveissuesandpocketsofseethingangerinAmerica?Indeed，itisbigenoughtohaveabitofeverything.ButparticularlywhenviewedagainstAmerica'sturbulentpast,today'ssocialinduceshardlysuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialenvironment.（2006年真題）21.Theword“homogenizing”mostprobablymeans________.[A]identifying[B]associating[C]assimilating[D]monopolizing【解答過(guò)程】解題思路一：文中第一句說(shuō)“盡管人們?cè)跊](méi)完沒(méi)了地談?wù)摬町?，而美?guó)社會(huì)卻是一個(gè)驚人____的機(jī)器。”從句意理解可以看出，后一句在內(nèi)容上應(yīng)該和前面的讓步狀語(yǔ)內(nèi)容是相對(duì)的。前句談到“差異”，后句自然是與“一致”相近的含義了。查看選項(xiàng)，A鑒定，有差別才能鑒定，排除。B聯(lián)系，C同化，D壟斷，對(duì)比三者含義，只有C與一致最接近，故答案為C。解題思路二：從文章中心判斷，本文中心探討的是有關(guān)“移民融入美國(guó)社會(huì)”的內(nèi)容，C最能反映文章中心，反映中心的是解，故確定答案為C。解題思路三：從英語(yǔ)的使用習(xí)慣上看，對(duì)于需要反復(fù)表達(dá)的同一含義，文中通常會(huì)采用不同的同義詞進(jìn)行替換，而作為文章表達(dá)的中心“homogenizing”，其同義詞必然會(huì)在文中多次出現(xiàn)，自然可以在文中找到相近的詞，然后進(jìn)行推斷。在文中，我們通過(guò)句意可得到“uniformity”、“assimilation”、“assimilative”等含義相近的替代詞，同樣可以得出答案為C。22.Accordingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstoresofthe19thcentury______.[A]playedaroleinthespreadofpopularculture[B]becameintimateshopsforcommonconsumers[C]satisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableelite[D]oweditsemergencetothecultureofconsumption【解答過(guò)程】文章中心“移民融入美國(guó)社會(huì)”，社會(huì)的相容自然是文化間的融通。題目問(wèn)到有關(guān)文章中提到的“19世紀(jì)美國(guó)百貨商店”這一具體事例。通常，文中事例是對(duì)中心的強(qiáng)化。查看選項(xiàng)，只有A在大眾文化傳播中起到了作用，涉及了“文化”這一中心，反映中心的是解，故答案為A，這一選項(xiàng)其實(shí)在文章第一段中也作了具體說(shuō)明。B成為普通大眾的商店、C滿足了知識(shí)精英的需要、D它的產(chǎn)生歸功于消費(fèi)文化，均偏離文章中心。23.ThetextsuggeststhatimmigrantsnowintheU.S._______.[A]areresistanttohomogenization[B]exertagreatinfluenceonAmericanculture[C]arehardlyathreattothecommonculture[D]constitutethemajorityofthepopulation【解答過(guò)程】從文中“ishardlypoisonous”、“hardlysuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialenvironment”可以看出，作者對(duì)目前移民融入美國(guó)文化持正面評(píng)價(jià)。A對(duì)同化的抵制，和作者態(tài)度相悖，排除；B對(duì)美國(guó)文化施加了很大的影響，從“HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa‘graveyard’forlanguage（因此，把美國(guó)描述成語(yǔ)言的墳?zāi)梗闭f(shuō)明美國(guó)文化對(duì)外來(lái)語(yǔ)言的影響力，而不是移民對(duì)美國(guó)文化的影響，排除；C幾乎沒(méi)有對(duì)大眾文化構(gòu)成威脅，和作者的態(tài)度吻合，反映作者態(tài)度的是解，故答案為C；D構(gòu)成了大部分人口，文中只是對(duì)不同地區(qū)的移民在美國(guó)的狀況作對(duì)比（如擁有房屋的比例、異族通婚的比例等），并沒(méi)有整個(gè)人口的對(duì)比，并且從“In1998,immigrantswere9.8percentofpopulation;?”這段數(shù)據(jù)也可以看到，移民不可能構(gòu)成美國(guó)人口的多數(shù)（現(xiàn)實(shí)中，移民人口占一國(guó)人口的多數(shù)是罕見(jiàn)的，違背常識(shí)的不是解，也可以排除D）。24.WhyareAmoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedinParagraph5?[A]Toprovetheirpopularityaroundtheworld.[B]Torevealthepublic'sfearofimmigrants.[C]Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulimmigrants.[D]ToshowthepowerfulinfluenceofAmericanculture.【解答過(guò)程】舉例是為了論證文章中心，D展示了美國(guó)文化強(qiáng)大的影響力，反映了“美國(guó)文化的影響”這一中心，反映中心的是解，故確定答案為D。A證明他們?cè)谌虻牧餍?，表面膚淺的解釋，膚淺的不是解；B揭示了公眾對(duì)移民的擔(dān)憂，和作者態(tài)度相悖，違背作者態(tài)度的不是解；C給出了一個(gè)成功移民的例子，雖然和整個(gè)文章的態(tài)度吻合，但嚴(yán)重偏離了段落的中心（事實(shí)上，他們兩人并非移民，違背常識(shí)的不是解），不是解。25.Intheauthor’sopinion,theabsorptionofimmigrantsintoAmericansocietyis_____[A]rewarding[B]successful[C]fruitless[D]harmful【解答過(guò)程】從文中“ishardlypoisonous”、“hardlysuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialenvironment”可以看出，作者對(duì)目前移民對(duì)美國(guó)文化的影響持正面評(píng)價(jià)。A有益的、B成功的、C沒(méi)有成果的、D有害的，根據(jù)作者態(tài)度可以首先排除C、D，符合正面評(píng)價(jià)的只有A、B。將A代入文中檢驗(yàn)，可以看到，文中主要客觀論述移民與美國(guó)文化融合的狀況，從文中可以看出是成功的，但并未涉及到取得的收益。有部分考生甚至是專家選擇了A，這其實(shí)可以從另外一個(gè)角度考慮，收益通常是某一方對(duì)利益的權(quán)衡結(jié)果，成功則是對(duì)一種狀態(tài)的描述，本篇文章中沒(méi)有涉及到收益的權(quán)衡，因此可以排除A。故答案為B。PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41—45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA—Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)FiveleadingfoodcompanieshaveintroducedalabelingschemefortheirproductsintheBritishmarket,inanattempttosoothecriticswhosaytheyencourageobesity.Butconsumergroupsareunhappyallthesame.Isthefoodindustry,liketobaccobeforeit,abouttobedamagedbyawaveoflawsuitsbroughtonhealthgrounds?41____________________________.Thisweeksawanotherindustryinitiative:fiveleadingfoodproducers—Danone,Kellogg,Nestlé,KraftandPepsiCo—introducedalabelingsystemfortheBritishmarketwhichwillshow“guidelinedailyamounts”forcalories,fats,sugarandsaltonpackaging.Thenewlabelswillstarttoappearonthefirms’crisps,chocolatebars,cheeseslicesandthelikeoverthenextfewmonths.Thefoodcompaniessaydoingthiswillenableconsumerstomakeinformeddecisionsaboutwhichfoodsarehealthy.ButconsumergroupspointoutthattheFoodStandardsAgency,agovernmentwatchdog,isduetorecommendadifferenttypeoflabelingsystemnextmonth:a“trafficlight”systemusingcolourstotellconsumerswhetherproductshavelow,mediumorhighlevelsoffat,saltandthelike.42._____________________.Nevertheless,thefoodcompaniesarguethatthetraffic-lightsystemistoosimplisticandlikelytoscarepeopleawayfromcertainproductsthatarefineifconsumedinmoderation,orinconjunctionwithplentyofexercise—whichmostobservers,includingthemedicalprofession,agreeiscrucialforanyonewantingtostayinshape.43.______________________.Betterlabelinghasbecomeanimportantweaponofthefoodgiants’armoryastheyfightbackagainsttheircritics.InOctober2005McDonald’s,theworld’slargestfast-foodcompany,saiditwouldstartprintingnutritionalfactsonthepackagingofitsburgersandfries,includingthefat,salt,calorieandcarbohydratecontent.44._________________________.45.__________________________.Lastyear,McDonald’sevenannouncedasportychangeforRonaldMcDonald,itsclown,toencouragechildrentobemoreactive.Butsomeintheindustrysuspectthatconsumersarekeeneronseeinglighter,healthiermealsonthemenuthantheyareonactuallybuyingandeatingthem;suchproductsarenotwhattheindustrycalls“businessbuilders”.Thatsaid,someofNestlé'smorenutritionalproducts,likeitsPowerBarrangeforathletes,enjoyhighermarginsandgrowththanitstraditionalfood.[A]Nowonder,then,thatthepastfewyearshavebeenbadforfoodcompaniesinimageterms—andterribleforthefast-foodlot.Attacksontheindustryhavechangedthepsychologicalclimateinwhichitoperates,andtheymayyetchangethelegislativeclimatetoo.[B]Beforethat,informationaboutbig-sellerssuchastheBigMac,whichcontains30goffat,couldonlybefoundonthefirm’swebsiteorinleaflets.[C]Thefoodfirms,theysay,haverushedtointroducetheirown,fuzzierguidelinesfirstinanattempttounderminethegovernment’splan—whichtheyfearmighthurttheirsales.Inconsumertests,thetrafficlightperformedbetterthanrivallabelingsystems.[D]Inseveralcountries,governmentpronouncementsandactionshaveaddedtothepressureontheindustry.Forinstance,theBritishgovernmentpushestointroducetraffic-lightlabeling.InFrance,alawhasbeenpassedtoimposea1.5%taxontheadvertisingbudgetsoffoodcompaniesiftheydonotencouragehealthyeating.[E]Keepingfitrequiresacombinationofhealthyeatingandregularexercise.Onthesecondoftheseatleast,theworld’sfoodcompanieshavebeenworkingupquiteasweatintheirattemptstofendoffcriticismsbygovernments,consumergroupsandlawyerswhoaccusethemofpeddlingproductsthatencourageobesity.[F]Butlabelingisnotenough;thefoodfirmsknowtheymustalsoofferhealthierfood.McDonald’shasintroducedsaladsandfruittoitsmenus.Kraftandothershavebroughtoutlow-carbohydrateranges.[G]Theyalsopointoutthattheyhavecompetitorstoworryabout—namelythebigsupermarketchainswiththeirown-labelproducts.LastApril,Tesco,thebiggestofthese,announcedthatitwasrejectingthetraffic-lightsysteminfavourofalesssternapproach.Itsrivalsfearthatadoptingcolour-codingcouldputthematacompetitivedisadvantage.Text1【全文大意】本文為說(shuō)明文。全文圍繞食品公司采用新的方法來(lái)標(biāo)注卡路里、脂肪和糖等成分，來(lái)平息人們對(duì)他們的食品造成肥胖的指責(zé)。第一段開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山式的提出討論的主題，以后各個(gè)段落討論食品公司采取的措施和人們的反應(yīng)。全文首段提出五大食品公司推出新的標(biāo)注方案，但并未讓消費(fèi)者團(tuán)體滿意。這是全文的主題段。41.【正確答案】E【解答過(guò)程】從文中給出的內(nèi)容我們粗略地知道文章中心是有關(guān)食品公司為應(yīng)對(duì)消費(fèi)者的指責(zé)，而引進(jìn)一項(xiàng)新標(biāo)注措施及人們的反應(yīng)。本題缺失內(nèi)容位于第二段的段首。從第二段剩余內(nèi)容“Thisweeksawanotherindustryinitiative?”來(lái)看，既然食品公司的新標(biāo)注計(jì)劃是另外一項(xiàng)（another）應(yīng)對(duì)消費(fèi)者指責(zé)的舉措，根據(jù)一致性?則，本題內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是談到另外一項(xiàng)舉措，且該項(xiàng)內(nèi)容必然含有對(duì)指責(zé)的辯護(hù)內(nèi)容，才能與此實(shí)現(xiàn)一致。查看選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，E中“fendoffcriticisms”則正好與此呼應(yīng)，“Keepingfitrequiresacombinationofhealthyeatingandregularexercise.Onthesecondoftheseatleast,theworld’sfoodcompanieshavebeenworkingupquiteasweatintheirattemptstofendoff?”表明食品公司不遺余力地宣傳常規(guī)鍛煉，以此反擊政府和消費(fèi)者團(tuán)體的批評(píng)。這種做法顯然是他們的一項(xiàng)努力，與該段給已出的一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃相對(duì)應(yīng)，故答案為E。42.【正確答案】C【解答過(guò)程】本題缺失內(nèi)容是第三段的段尾。解題思路一：段落首句給出了食品公司認(rèn)為新標(biāo)注計(jì)劃給消費(fèi)者帶來(lái)的好處。接著用but轉(zhuǎn)折，通過(guò)消費(fèi)者D會(huì)指出theFoodStandardsAgency會(huì)推出一個(gè)與食品公司不同的標(biāo)注體系，而在文中首段作者指出消費(fèi)者D會(huì)對(duì)食品公司新標(biāo)注方法是不滿的，我們可以推測(cè)出消費(fèi)者D會(huì)應(yīng)該認(rèn)為thefoodStandardsAgency推出的標(biāo)注體系優(yōu)于食品公司，那么我們可以繼續(xù)推測(cè)出段末應(yīng)該是對(duì)兩種方案的評(píng)價(jià)，或者說(shuō)FoodStandardsAgency的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系會(huì)更好。查看選項(xiàng)，我們可以看到C中“Inconsumertests,thetrafficlightperformedbetterthanrivallabelingsystems”與此呼應(yīng)，故答案為C。解題思路二：從第三段的內(nèi)容我們可以粗略地判斷出該段內(nèi)容重點(diǎn)在談trafficlight（交通燈）標(biāo)注體系，故選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容必然會(huì)含有trafficlight，選項(xiàng)中含有該詞的有C、D和G，我們對(duì)三個(gè)選項(xiàng)采用排除法。C談到兩種標(biāo)注的比較，與第三段內(nèi)容有相關(guān)的部分，此時(shí)我們還不能完全確定。再看其他兩項(xiàng)，D的內(nèi)容是明顯地用事例來(lái)支持trafficlight體系的實(shí)施，但在這之前我們卻沒(méi)有看到文中有對(duì)trafficlight體系好壞的評(píng)價(jià)，在沒(méi)有結(jié)論之前就直接舉出一個(gè)事例來(lái)，這與日常邏?有沖突，排除；再看G，G的主語(yǔ)用的是they，如果G放在42空，they則指代的是consumergroups，這就與G中competitors相矛盾，因?yàn)閏onsumergroups很難說(shuō)有competitor，故排除。由此，我們可確定C為正確答案。43.【正確答案】G【解答過(guò)程】解題思路一：本題缺失內(nèi)容是第五段全部，因此需要參考第四段和第六段來(lái)尋找線索。第四段主要講食品公司對(duì)trafficlight體系的批評(píng)。而第六段指出“更好的標(biāo)注方式”是食品業(yè)巨頭反擊批評(píng)者的重要武器。分析兩段內(nèi)容，我們可以看出兩段內(nèi)容有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)，段落重心講的都是食品公司，故我們可以判斷出中間空出的一段內(nèi)容也應(yīng)該是食品公司，這樣排除已入選的選項(xiàng)，內(nèi)容重心談到公司的只有B、F和G，B、F前面分別有before和but連詞，把這兩個(gè)代入文章顯然和前面的內(nèi)容不符，故排除掉。再看G項(xiàng)，G項(xiàng)內(nèi)容表達(dá)的含義也是食品公司對(duì)trafficlight體系的批評(píng)，句中的also恰好與第四段內(nèi)容承接。故答案為G。解題思路二：從第四段我們可以看出，第四段的關(guān)鍵詞為company、trafficlight，第六段首句中出現(xiàn)的they，我們可以判斷第六段的they指代thefoodcompanies，必然是承接第五段而來(lái)，由于第四段已?出現(xiàn)了thefoodcompanies，那么第五段的thefoodcompanies必然會(huì)用they代替，結(jié)合第四段的關(guān)鍵詞，第五段內(nèi)容應(yīng)該會(huì)包含they、trafficlight等內(nèi)容（這也體現(xiàn)了相關(guān)的是解、反映中心的是解這一規(guī)律），查看選項(xiàng)，只有G滿足這一條件，故答案為G。44.【正確答案】B【解答過(guò)程】本題缺失內(nèi)容是第六段的段尾。第六段指出“更好的標(biāo)注方式”是食品業(yè)巨頭反擊批評(píng)者的重要武器。接著以麥當(dāng)勞為例指出他們的做法是在包裝上印上營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分。從文中可以看出這是麥當(dāng)勞最新推出的一項(xiàng)應(yīng)對(duì)公眾指責(zé)的措施，那么既然是最新措施，必然會(huì)與過(guò)去的進(jìn)行一個(gè)對(duì)比才能顯示它的優(yōu)越性，故我們可以推測(cè)出該空應(yīng)該填入的是談到麥當(dāng)勞以前的一些情況，對(duì)照選項(xiàng)，只有B滿足這一要求，故答案為B。45.【正確答案】D【解答過(guò)程】本題缺失內(nèi)容是最后一段首句。從剩余內(nèi)容來(lái)看，“麥當(dāng)勞甚至宣布讓其小丑‘麥當(dāng)勞叔叔’改變成運(yùn)動(dòng)形象，來(lái)鼓勵(lì)兒童多運(yùn)動(dòng)”。Even（甚至還）一詞表明，在這句話之前一定談到麥當(dāng)勞有別的舉措。因此，45空內(nèi)容必然含有麥當(dāng)勞的內(nèi)容，對(duì)照余下選項(xiàng)，只有F滿足要求，故答案為F。【干擾項(xiàng)分析】干擾項(xiàng)A，其大意為過(guò)去幾年食品公司形象很差，對(duì)此行業(yè)的抨擊改變了其運(yùn)作的心理氣氛，抨擊也可能改變法律氛圍。其內(nèi)容的中心落在對(duì)心理氣氛和法律氛圍的改變，其中心與文中內(nèi)容毫無(wú)相關(guān)處，故排除。干擾項(xiàng)D，其選項(xiàng)大意為政府給該行業(yè)施加了壓力，然后舉了英法兩國(guó)的例子。根據(jù)一般說(shuō)明議論文的寫作規(guī)律，從內(nèi)容來(lái)看，上文應(yīng)該是提出解決問(wèn)題部分，D選項(xiàng)只有具體的措施，缺少概括性的表述。因此D也沒(méi)有呼應(yīng)的內(nèi)容。Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45.youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillineachnumberedbox.Thefirst,fourthandtheseventhparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)[A]Andit'snotjustserversinthebackofficethatcanbenefitfromvirtualization.Moderndesktopandevenlaptopcomputershavemorethanenoughpowerthesedaystorunvirtualizationsoftware.BoththeVMWareServerandMicrosoft'sVirtualPC2007areidealforinstallingvirtualmachinesonanIntel-orAMD-basedPC.[B]Protectionagainstspywareisnobetter.Untilrecently,however,theproblemwasmoreofanannoyancethanathreat.Butspywareischangingintosomethingmorehorrible—withidentitytheftbeingthemainobjective.Meanwhile,protectionagainsttheseattacks—cheatinge-mailsthattrytogetuserstoprovidepasswordsandothercrucialdata—isevenlesseffective.Byoneestimate,itcostsAmericansbetween$500mand$1billionannually.[C]Abetterideaistoadoptsomethingcalledvirtualization—atechniquethat'sbeenaroundforages,buthasonlylatelycomebackintofashion.Virtualizationprovidesawayofhidingacomputer'sresources—itscentralprocessor,operatingsystem,networkcontroller,andstoragedevices—behindasoftwarecurtain.Theideaistogiveusers(nottomentionnefariousstrangers)theimpressiontheyhavecontrolofthemachine,whenreallytheyaredealingwithafakemachinecreatedentirelyinsoftware.[D]Securityfirmsreckonsome2.3million“bots”arecurrentlyonline.Whilesuppliersofanti-virussoftwarehaveeveryreasontomagnifytheclaim,thefactremainsthatonlyfouroutoffivecomputersconnectedtotheinternethavesuchsoftwareinstalled.Andlessthanhalfthosehavetheirsoftwareupdatedontime.[E]Keepout!Eitherwillallowyoutoruna“guest”operatingsysteminsideoneofthesevirtualmachines.TheguestcanbeanothercopyofWindows,whichcanthenbeleftexposedtoattackbyvirusesandothermalwarecirculatingaroundtheinternet,whiletheactualcomputerremainshiddenbehindthecurtain,freefrominfection.Aft