【名師指津】高中英語 U4 the science of the stars 必修3

Unit4Astronomy：Thescienceofthestars基礎(chǔ)知識自測一、單詞識記1._____________n.天文學(xué)家2._____________pron，n.&adj.十億3._____________adj.猛烈的，強暴的4._____________n.大氣層；氣氛5._____________n.恐龍6._____________adv.因此；于是astronomerbillionviolentatmospheredinosaurthus7._____________n.衛(wèi)星；人造衛(wèi)星8._____________n.氣候9._____________n.宇宙飛船10.____________v.減少，減輕11.religionn.___________________12.theoryn.___________________13.globen.___________________球體；地球儀；地球satelliteclimatespaceshiplessen宗教，宗教信仰學(xué)說，理論14.fundamentaladj.________________15.multiplyv.________________16.oxygenn.________________17.gravityn.________________18.extinctadj.________________19.crashv.________________20.cabinn.________________小屋；船艙基本的；基礎(chǔ)的乘；增加氧氣萬有引力；重力滅絕的；絕種的碰撞；墜落二、詞匯拓展__________n.猛烈，暴力(行為)__________adv.猛烈地⑴Hisheartbeats__________(violent).

⑵Notafew__________(violence)sceneswerecutfromthefilmbeforeitcametoshow.1.violentadj.猛烈的，激烈的，強暴的violenceviolentlyviolentlyviolent2.unlikeprep.不像，和……不同___________prep.像，如同

___________adj.可能的

___________adj.不太可能的

___________adj.相似的，同樣的alikelikelikelyunlikely⑴Asisterisafriend_________(like)anyother.Insomeway，she’slikeamother.Shelistenstoyourproblemsandgivesgoodadvice.

⑵Helikescatsbut__________(like)dogs.unlikedislikes___________adj.目前的，出席的v.贈送

______________n.介紹，呈現(xiàn)，演出

___________［反義］n.缺席3.presencen.出席；到場；存在absencepresentpresentation⑴Everyone___________(presence)atthemeetingwaspleasedatthe_________(present)ofthegeneralmanager.

⑵Withlotsofproblemsunsettled，theyareverybusy____present.presentpresenceat_____________n.&v.傷害，損害

______________adj.無害的，無惡意的

_____________________［搭配］對……有害的

______________________［搭配］損害,傷害某人______________［反義］adj.有益的4.harmfuladj.有害的beneficialharmharmlessbeharmfultodosb.harm/doharmtosbAsweallknow，smokingis⑴_______(harm)toourhealth.That’stosay，itdoesharm⑵____ourhealth.Therefore，weshouldn’tsmokebuttodosomethingthatis⑶___________(harm)toourhealth.harmlessharmfulto5.developvt.發(fā)展，發(fā)達(dá)，開發(fā)vi.發(fā)展，生長____________n.發(fā)展，進(jìn)展，開發(fā)

____________adj.發(fā)展中的

____________adj.發(fā)達(dá)的

__________________________________［搭配］隨著……的發(fā)展as...develop/withthedevelopmentof....developmentdevelopingdeveloped⑴Astheindustrydevelops，the_______(develop)countriesaresurprisedatthequick___________(develop)ofthedevelopedcountries.

⑵______________________________________________________(隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展)，peopleareleadingabetterandbetterlife.Withthedevelopmentofeconomy/Aseconomydevelopsdevelopingdevelopment6.reactionn.反應(yīng)，回應(yīng)____________vi.起反應(yīng)，起作用，有影響

____________［搭配］對……反應(yīng)reactreactto...⑴Allherfriendswerequicktoreacttohersuddenchangewhileherparentsshowedno_________.(react)⑵Howdidhereact_____thenewsthattheirteamwon?toreaction三、詞組互譯1.及時;終于__________________2.輪到某人;接著__________________3.阻止;制止__________________4.感到高興;感到興奮__________________5.既然__________________6.爆發(fā);突發(fā)__________________7.密切注視;當(dāng)心;提防__________________watchoutintimeinone’sturnprevent...from(doing)...cheerupnowthatbreakout8.依賴；依靠______________________9.四面八方______________________10.摔倒；跌倒______________________11.layeggs______________________12.givebirthto______________________13.blockout______________________14getthehangof______________________15.cooldown______________________冷卻下來dependoninalldirectionsfallover下蛋產(chǎn)生，分娩擋住(光線)掌握，熟悉；理解四、詞組運用1.Oneday，whenabigfire__________(發(fā)生)inatallbuilding，peoplelivingtherelosttheirheadsandran________________(四方奔逃).2.Someofthem________________(不當(dāng)心)forthestairsandeven_________(摔倒).3.Luckily，thefiremenarrived_________(及時)imebrokeoutinalldirectionsdidn’twatchoutfellover4.They______________________(使人們冷靜下來)andsoon______________(熟悉,弄清)thesituation.5.______________(依靠,憑借)theirfirecontrolknowledge，thefiremenquickly__________________________________(阻止了火勢的蔓延).6.Then，they_________________(接著)tosavethepeoplewhoweretrappedinthebigfire.wereintheirturncooledthepeopledowngotthehangofDependingonthefirefromspreadingprevented7._______________(由于)theirhelp，thefire______________(沒有傷害到)thepeople.8.Eventhosewhoaregoingto_____________(產(chǎn)生,分娩)ababydidn’tgetburnt.9._________(既然)nobodywasbadlyhurtinthefire，peoplebeganto_________(感到振奮)abit.cheerupAsaresultofdidnoharmtogivebirthtoNowthat五、課文填空Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan.However，accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory，itbegan1______a“BigBang”.Thentheearthexplodedloudlyandproducedwatervaporandmanygases，2_________(make)theearth’satmosphere.Andthenastheearthcooleddown，waterappearedandstayed3_____thesurface.withmakingonItwasthepresenceofwater4______allowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas,5_____madeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.Andthe6_____________(appear)ofsmallplantsencouragedthedevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.appearancethatwhichNext，greenplantsbegantogrowonland.7______werefollowedbylandanimals.Later，reptilesappearedforthefirsttime，afterwhichdinosaursdeveloped.8__________，theysuddenlydisappeared.Therefore，mammalsroseontheearth.Finally，humansappearedandspreadallovertheearth.TheyHoweverHowever，theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere，makingtheearthtoohottoliveon.So9__________lifewillcontinueontheearthwilldependonwhetherthisproblemcan10____________(solve).whetherbesolved六、語法專練1.________youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.2.__________themanagerwillattendthemeetingtomorrowisnotknown.3.______causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.WhatWhetherWhat4.Itisafact________Englishisacceptedasaninternationallanguage.5.Parentsshouldknow______importanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.howthat掌握重要考點核心單詞1.existvi存在；生存，生活，繼續(xù)存在派生：existencen.存在existentadj.存在的existin存在于……中existon=liveon靠……生活existas作為……而存在，以……形態(tài)存在⑴Theycannotexist______themoneyhe’searning.

⑵Mattercanexist__asolid，liquid，orgas.

⑶Wecan’texistwithoutwater.Thatmeansour___________(exist)dependsonwater.運用：用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空或用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。existenceonasbepuzzledby被……迷惑beinapuzzle(about)(對……)不知如何是好beapuzzletosb對某人來說是個謎2.puzzlen.迷；難題v.(使)迷惑；(使)為難派生：puzzlingadj.令人困惑的puzzledadj.(人感到)困惑的⑴Herdecisionwasapuzzle____him.

⑵Hisrecentbehavior______________(使我迷惑不解).

⑶Hisanswersounds________(puzzle)andweareall___________(puzzle).運用：用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空或根據(jù)提示完成句子。puzzledtopuzzlesmepuzzling重要詞組1.intime遲早(soonerorlater)，最后(eventually)；及時(=earlyorsoonenough)⑴他應(yīng)當(dāng)可以及時到達(dá)那里。Youshouldbeableto___________________.

⑵總有一天我會遇見她。I’ll_____________________________.運用：根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。seeherintimegetthereintime⑴她生了雙胞胎。She____________________lastnight.⑵這段奇特的經(jīng)歷促成了他的最新一部小說的誕生。Theextraordinaryexperience__________________________________.2.givebirthtovt.產(chǎn)生，分娩，引起，造成運用：根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。tohislatestnovelgavebirthtotwinsgavebirth用法：在主動語態(tài)的句子中，stop和prevent后的from可省略，但keep后的from不能省略；在被動語態(tài)中，此三個短語的from均不可省略。3.prevent/stop/keep...from阻止；制止⑴雨使我們不能踢足球了。Therain_______________________________.

⑵人們采取行動，防止了環(huán)境的惡化。Peopletookmeasuresandthus_______________________________________.運用：根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。environmentfromgettingworsepreventedusfromplayingfootballpreventedthe4.cheerup(使)高興起來，振奮起來⑴這消息使他高興起來。Thenews___________________.

⑵振作起來!我們的困難很快就會過去。______________!Ourtroubleswillsoonbeover.運用：根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。Cheerupcheeredhimup⑴既然你長大了，就不應(yīng)該依靠你的父母。_____________________，youshouldnotrelyonyourparents.

⑵既然已完成了工作，你就應(yīng)該好好休息一下。Yououghttohaveagoodrest________________________________.5.nowthat由于，既然(=since)運用：根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。you’vefinishedtheworkNowthatyougrowupnowthat⑴夜間突然發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。Afire______________duringthenight.⑵第二次世界大戰(zhàn)是1939年爆發(fā)的。WorldWarII_______________________.6.breakout(戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)等不愉快之事)突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)運用：根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。brokeoutin1939brokeout⑴當(dāng)心，別把桌子上的紙弄臟了。______________!Don’tdirtythepaperonthedesk.

⑵我們必須小心公共汽車上的小偷。Wemust_____________thethievesonthebus.7.watchout注意，當(dāng)心(單獨用于祈使句)watchoutfor密切注意，留意；提防運用：根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。watchoutforWatchout佳句誦寫1.原句：Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.(L18，P26)水對于生命的發(fā)展會起關(guān)鍵作用，這一點在當(dāng)時并不明顯。句型：Itisobviousthat...顯然……⑴很顯然他得了重感冒。________________heissufferingfromabadcold.

⑵顯然老師已經(jīng)原諒了他所做的一切。__________________theteacherhasforgivenhimforwhathehasdone.

⑶很明顯他昨天沒有說實話。________________________________________yesterday.仿寫：請將下列句子譯成英文。Itwasobviousthathedidn’ttellthetruthItisobviousthatItisobviousthat2.原句：Thisproducedachainreaction，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.(L25，P26.)這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應(yīng)，使得生命就有可能開始發(fā)展了。句型：makeit+adj.+forsb.todo使某人做某事……說明：it是形式賓語，forsb.todo是真正的賓語。⑴因特網(wǎng)使我們有可能用很短的時間從其他國家獲得更多的信息。TheInternethas____________________________________fromothercountriesinmuchlesstime.

⑵這本書使我學(xué)習(xí)英語容易多了。Thebook_________________________English.

⑶這場雨使我們走遠(yuǎn)路很困難。Therain____________________________longdistances.仿寫：根據(jù)漢語意思，完成英文句子。madeitdifficultforustowalkmadeitpossibleforustogetmoremakesiteasyformetolearninformation3.原句：Whenwegetclosertothemoon，weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus，butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth’s.當(dāng)我們更接近月球時，就會感到月球的引力在拉我們。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。(L1，P31)句型：notas/so...as...不如/不像……⑴這本字典不如你想象的那樣有用。Thisdictionaryis___________________________.

⑵他不像看上去那樣老。_____________________helooks.

⑶根據(jù)調(diào)查，大部分女生不像男生一樣對足球感興趣。Accordingtothesurvey，___________________________________________________.仿寫：請將下列句子譯成英文。interestedinfootballasboysarenotas/sousefulasyouthinkHeisn’tasoldasmostgirlsarenotas輕松走近高考一、完形填空本文主要介紹美國宇航局在1978年開始培訓(xùn)女性宇航員，以及JudyResnick和ChristaMcAuliffe兩位女性宇航員的一些情況和他們在1984年入選參加太空旅行的過程。1.A。由下文andintheend...可知。2.D。由下文againsthavingwomeninspace可知，不少人抵制，反抗婦女參加到太空探索隊伍當(dāng)中。3.C。由上文somepeopleagainsthavingwomeninspace到后來的In1978，NASAbeganthefirsttrainingprogrammeforwomenastronauts可以得知婦女成功地加入到了這一行列中。4.A。...werebothastronautsandtheywerebothwomen，but...之前講的是相同點，but轉(zhuǎn)折之后當(dāng)然是different5.B。從上文的thefirstgroupofwomen當(dāng)中挑選人來進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)。6.C。由下文的hiswholelife和她后來的事