2015英語二閱讀真題標注版

10號晚上講義。英語二的，一定自己白天抽出30分鐘看一遍，Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys社會,peopleareactuallymorestressedathomethanatworkResearchersmeasuredpeople’scortisol皮脂腺,whichisstressmarker記錄者,whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge庇護.“Furthercontradicting于conventionalwisdom傳統(tǒng)智慧,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathomewritesoneoftheresearchers,SarahDamaske.Infactwomenevensaytheyfeelbetteratwork,shenotes.“Itismen,notwomen,whoreportbeinghappierathomethanatwork.”Anothersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrenandwithout,butmoresofornonparents非父母.Thisiswhypeoplewhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterhealth.Whatthestudydoesn’tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestillngworkwhenthey’reathome,whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.Formanymen,theendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback放松.Forwomenwhostayhome,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome,theyoftenareplayingcatch-up-with-householdtasks.Withtheblurring模糊ofroles,andthefactthatthehomefront家庭lagswellbehindtheworkplaceinmakingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,it’snotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome.課程更新務必 Butit’snotjustagender性別thing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhatthey’resupposedtobeng:working,makingmoney,ngthetasks任務theyhavetodoinordertodrawan e.Thebargain交易isverypure純粹:Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallabor腦力勞動andemployeedrawsoutlife-sustaining維持生活的Onthehomefront家庭,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity清楚.Rare很少isthehouseholdinwhichthedivisionoflaborissoclinically臨床地，客觀地andmethodically方法論地laidoutTherearealotoftaskstobedonethereareinadequaterewards不夠的formostofthemYourhomecolleaguesyourfamilyhavenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoit,orifthey’reteenagers,threatenedwithcompleteremoval移走ofallelectronicdevices電子設備.Plus,they’reyourfamily.Youcannotfireyourfamily.Youneverreallygettogohomefromhome.Soit’snotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressed更有壓力athome.Notonlyarethetasksapparentlyinfinite無窮的,theco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate動員.AccordingtoParagraph1,mostprevioussurveysfoundthat［A］wasanunrealisticplacefor［B］generatedmorestressthanthe［C］wasanidealplaceforstress［D］offeredgreaterrelaxationthantheAccordingtoDamaske,whoarelikelytobethehappiestat［A］Working［B］Childless［C］Childless［D］Working

課程更新務必 Theblurringofworkingwomen’srolesreferstothefact［A］theyarebothbreadwinnersand［B］theirhomeisalsoaplaceforkicking［C］thereisoftenmuchhouseworkleft［D］itisdifficultforthemtoleavetheirTheword“moola”(Para.4)mostprobably［A］［B］［C］［D］Thehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkplacein［A］homeishardlyacozierworking［B］divisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-［C］householdtasksaregenerallymore［D］familylaborisoften y

課程更新務必 Foryearsstudieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudentsthosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree大學—lag于otherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors因素Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutrates輟學率arehigherButsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomically改善經(jīng)濟狀況iftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruit招收moreofthem.Thishascreated“aparadox”inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathigher//educationhas“continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose”achievementgap成就溝壑basedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressing令人壓抑的beginningofapaperinginthejournalPsychologicalScience心理科學.Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic樂觀的,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblemsuggestingthatanapproachwhichinvolvesaone-hournext-to-no-costprogram)canclose關閉63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147studentswhocompletedtheprojectatanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegree.Mostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipients接收者ofPellGrants津貼,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrue適用于onlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswithatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.Theirthesis—thatarelativelymodestintervention干預couldhaveabigimpact—wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotential潛力、能力butinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.Manyfirst-generationstudents“struggletonavigate航行themiddle-classcultureofhighereducation,learnthe‘rulesofthegame,’andtakeadvantageof利用collegeresources,”theywrite.Andthis esmoreofaproblemwhencollegesdon’ttalkabout不理會無視theclassadvantage階級優(yōu)勢anddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents.BecauseU.S.collegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslacksight缺乏視野aboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudentslikethem如他們can［A］reducedtheirdropout［B］narrowedtheachievement［C］misseditsoriginal［D］depressedcollegeTheauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimistic［A］theproblemis［B］theirapproachis［C］therecruitingratehas［D］theirfindingsappealtoThestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generation［A］studyatprivate［B］arefromsingle-parent［C］areinneedoffinancial［D］havefailedtheirTheauthorsofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generation［A］areactuallyindifferenttotheachievement［B］canhaveapotentialinfluenceonother［C］maylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearch［D］areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege30.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat.［A］universitiesoftenrejectthecultureofthemiddle-［B］studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackof［C］socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducational［D］collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminEvenintraditionaloffices,thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmerica公司的化的hasgottenmuchmoreemotionalandmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago,”saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehn.Shestartedspinning紡織offexamples.“IfyouandIparachuted降落傘、落backtoFortune500companiesin1990,wewouldseemuchlessfrequentuseofterms術語likejourney,mission,passion.Thereweregoals,therewerestrategies,therewereobjectives目標,butwedidn’ttalkaboutenergy;wedidn’ttalkaboutpassion.”Koehnpointedoutthatthisnewera時代ofcorporatevocabularyisvery“team”團-oriented—andnotbycoincidence.“Let’snotforgetsports—inmale-dominated主導的corporateAmerica公司化的,it’sstillabigdeal大事.It’snotexplicitlyconscious淺顯的意識;it’stheideathatI’macoach,andyou’remyteam,andwe’reinthistogether.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompanies,butmostthinkofthemselvesascoachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin.”Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuse注入workwithmeaning—and,asKhuranapointsout,increaseallegiance忠誠tothefirm.“Youhavetheimportation引入、進口ofterminology術語thathistoricallyusedtobeassociatedwithnon-profitorganizationsandreligiousorganizations宗教組織:Termslikevision,values,passion,andpurpose.”saidThisnewfocus alfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmotivatedamid在//increasinglylouddebates辯論overwork-lifebalance.The“mommywars”ofthe1990sarestillgoingontoday,promptingargumentsaboutwhywomenstillcan’thaveitallandbookslikeSherylSandberg’sLeanIn,whosetitlehas eabuzzword時髦用語initsownright.Termslikeunplug拔掉插頭,offline,life-hack,bandwidth帶寬,andcapacityareallaboutsettingboundaries界限betweentheofficeandthehome.Butifyourworkisyour“passion,”you’llbemorelikelytodevote獻身yourselftoit,evenifthatmeansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekidsareinbed.Butthisseemstobetheirony諷刺的ofofficespeak:Everyonemakesfunofit,butmanagersloveit,companiesdependonit,andregularpeoplewillinglyabsorb吸收it.AsNunbergsaid,“Youcangetpeopletothinkit’snonsense胡說atthesametimethatyoubuyinto接受、買賬it.”Inaworkplacethat’sfundamentallyindifferenttoyourlifeanditsmeaning,officespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelatetoyourwork—andhowyourworkdefineswhoyouare.AccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguage ［A］more［B］more［C］less［D］less“Team”-orientedcorporatevocabularyiscloselyrelated［A］historical［B］gender［C］sports［D］athleticKhuranabelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaims［A］revivehistorical［B］promotecompany［C］fostercorporate［D］strengthenemployeeItcanbeinferredthatLean［A］voicesforworking［B］appealstopassionate［C］triggersdebatesamong［D］praisesmotivatedWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutoffice［A］Managersadmireitbutavoid［B］Linguistsbelieveittobe［C］Companiesfindittobe［D］Regularpeoplemockitbutacceptit.Text4Manypeopletalkedofthe288,000newjobstheLaborDepartmentreportedforJunealongwiththedropintheunemploymentrateto6.1percent,asgoodnews.Andtheywereright.Fornowitappearstheeconomyiscreatingjobsatadecentpace體面的步伐.Westillhavealongwaytogotogetback奪回tofullemployment,butatleastwearenowfinallymovingforwardatafasterpace.Howeverthereisanotherimportantpartofthejobspicturethatwaslargelyoverlooked忽視.Therewasabigjump跳躍inthenumberofpeoplewhoreportvoluntarilyworkingpart-time.Thisfigureisnow830,000(44percent)aboveitsyearagolevel.BeforeexplainingtheconnectiontotheObamacare,itisworthmakingandistinction區(qū)分.Manypeoplewhoworkpart-timejobsactuallywantfull-timejobs.Theytakepart-timeworkbecausethisisalltheycanget.Anincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeworkisevidenceofweakness弱inthelabormarketanditmeansthatmanypeoplewillbehavingaveryhardtimemakingendsmeet最低需求.Therewasanincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeinJune,butthegeneraldirectionhasbeendownInvoluntarypart-timeemploymentisstillfarhigherthanbeforetherecession經(jīng)濟蕭條,butitisdownby640,000(7.9percent)fromitsyearagolevel.Weknowthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarypart-timeemploymentbecausepeoplelus.Thesurvey社會usedbytheLaborDepartmentaskspeopleiftheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthereferencewee參考周.Iftheansweris“yes”,theyareclassified分類asworkingpart-time.Thesurveythenaskswhethertheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthatweekbecausetheywantedtoworklessthanfulltimeorbecausetheyhadnochoice.Theyareonlyclassifiedasvoluntarypart-timeworkersiftheylthesurveytakertheychosetoworklessthan35hoursaweek.Theissueofvoluntarypart-timerelatestoObamacarebecauseoneofthemainpurposes目標wastoallowpeopletogetinsuranceoutsideofemployment.Formanypeople,especiallythosewithserioushealthcondi