新編英語(yǔ)教程第三冊(cè)u(píng)nit的課件

Unit1

TextIMyFirstJobTextIIHowtodowellonaJobInterviewing

ListeningComprehensionWritingaDiarysuburb,summon,awkward,dreary,gabled,ever-green,fume,anairof,disapproval,colonel,grunt,dingy,proceed,margarine,mumble,attachimportanceto,consistof,appall,split,dismayed,diffidently,protest,

gettoone’sfeet,laststraw,prospecttestyourself!Step1ListeningInandSpeakingout!

1Prepareforthenewwords2Listenandtrytounderstand1.Whenyoureceiveajoboffer,whatissuesmustyouconsiderbeforemakingadecision?1).Whenyoureceiveajoboffer,youmustconsidermanyissuesbeforemakingadecision,suchas:Willtheorganizationbeagoodplacetowork?Willthejobbeinteresting?Arethereopportunitiesforadvancement?Isthesalaryfair?Doestheemployeroffergoodbenefits?Yes,youcanaskyourpotentialemployerdirectlyaboutsuchissues,andyoushouldalsodosomecheckingonyourown.2.Canyouaskyourpotentialemployerdirectlyaboutsuchissues?3.Whyisajobwithalackofopportunitiesconsideredabadoffer?Becausealackofopportunitiescandampeninterestintheworkandresultinfrustrationandboredom.4.Listseveralsourceswhereyoucanfindinformationaboutearningsandbenefits.Youcanfindinformationaboutearningsandbenefitsfromyourfamily,friends,oracquaintanceswhorecentlywerehiredinsimilarjobs.Oryoucanaskyourteachersandthestaffinplacementofficesaboutstartingpayforgraduateswithyourqualifications.Help-wantedadsinnewspaperssometimesgiveBecausedependingonthejob,youmayormaynotbeexemptfromlawsrequiringtheemployertocompensateyouforovertime.5.Whyistheorganization’spolicyregardingovertimeanimportantfactortoconsider?3.SpeakingoutWhatkindofjobdoyouthinkisanidealjobforyou?WorksurroundingsInterestOpportunitypotentialSalaryBenefitsWhatkindofpersonalqualificationsdoyouthinkyoushouldhave?Mature,competent,experiencedreliable,honest,responsiblecreative,highly-motivatedIndependent,resourcefulAmbitious,aggressiveEnergetic,open-mindedSociable,selfless/unselfishStep2ReadingfamoussayingsTherearenomenial(humble)jobs,onlymenialattitudes.－WilliamJ.BennettThesupremeaccomplishmentistoblurthelinebetweenworkandplay.－ArnoldToynbeeChooseajobyoulove,andyouwillneverhavetoworkadayinyourlife.－Confucius好之者不如樂(lè)之者。——出自《論語(yǔ)·雍也》Ifyouhaveajobwithoutanyaggravations,youdon’thaveajob.－MalcolmS.ForbesFindajobyoulikeandyouaddfivedaystoeveryweek.－H.JacksonBrowneItiseasiertodoajobrightthantoexplainwhyyoudidn’t.－MartinVanBuren

與花時(shí)間解釋你為什么沒(méi)有做好相比，直接做好一件工作要簡(jiǎn)單得多Questionsonspecificdetails1GeneralSchoolCertificate普通教育證書

GeneralCertificateofEducation(GCE)standsforaneducationalqualificationinBritain.TherearetwolevelsofexaminationsintheBritishGCE.Schoolchildrenattheageof15or16maytakeanynumberofexaminationsinarangeofsubjectsand,afterpassingtheexaminations,areawarded“O”Level(ordinarylevel)GCEs.Studentsaged17orovermaytake“A”Level(advancedlevel)BackgroundQuestionsonspecificdetails1examinations,whicharenecessaryforentrancetoauniversity.TheGCEwasreplacedbyGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE)in1988.ReadingcomprehensionWhatisthemainideaofthispassage?Thewriterwasinterviewedbytheheadmasterofaschoolandwasofferedajobwhichwasnonetoopleasant.ScanningScanningSkim-mingPre-readingMore2ReadScan-ningCultureAfter-ReadingReorderthePicturesDivisionofthetextPartone(par.1-2):Theauthorappliedforajobandwentforaninterview.Parttwo(par.3):AdescriptionoftheschoolanditssurroundingsPartthree(par.4-9):TheinterviewbetweentheheadmasterandtheauthorQuestionsfordiscussion:

1.Whydidthewriterapplyforateachingpost?2.Describethesurroundingsoftheschool.3.Describetheappearanceandmannersoftheheadmaster.4.Whatkindofclasswasthewriteraskedtoteach?Questionsfordiscussion:

5.Whatweretheteachingarrangementsforthewriter?6.Whatwastheyoungman’simpressionoftheheadmaster?Howdidhearriveatthis?7.Tellwhatyouknowabouttheyoungman.8.Whatisthewriter’spurposeinwritingthisnarrativepassage?WritingstyleandstructureofthetextItisapieceofNarration.Toldinthefirstperson,thetextgivesavividanddetailedaccountoftheauthor’sapplyingforajobbeforegoingtocollege.FourtypesoftextDescription(描述)ispaintingapictureinwordsofaperson,place,object,orscene.Narration(記敘)writingincludesstories,realorimaginary,biographies,histories,newitems,andnarrativepoems.Exposition(說(shuō)明)isperhapsthetypeofwritingthatismorefrequentlyusedbyastudent,ascientist,oraprofessional,expositionmeansexpoundingorexplaining.Argumentation(議論)essaytriestomakethereaderagreewithitspointofviewandsupportit,topersuadehimtochangehismindorbehavior,andtoapproveapolicyoracourseofactionthatitproposes.SixelementsofaNarrationTime(When)Place(Where)Figures(Who)Events(What)CauseProcessClimax&endArecitalcontestbeforethedetailedreadingfourparticipantsAtleastthreeparagraphsYourmarksaregivenaccordingtofluency,pronunciationandcorrectpauseofsentences.Welcomethejudges!Wechooseachampioneveryweekandwewillhaveafinalcontestattheendoftheterm.Thefinalchampionwillgetareward.Languagepoints

WhileIwaswaitingtoenteruniversity,Isawinalocalnewspaperateachingpost

advertisedataschoolinasuburbofLondonabouttenmilesfromwhereIlived.IsawateachingpostadvertisedataschoolinasuburbofLondonabouttenmilesfromwhereIlivedinalocalnewspaper.兩條支配英語(yǔ)詞序的重要原則，句尾焦點(diǎn)和句尾重心。（Endfocusandendweight)post:

n.ajoborofficialpositioninacompanyororganizationGuessthemeaningsof“post”inthefollowingsentencesMyuncle’shorsewasfirstpastthepost.終點(diǎn)或起點(diǎn)Theshipwaspostedmissing.公布Thepostwasadvertisedintoday’snewspaper.職位句尾重心原則的主要實(shí)現(xiàn)形式如下：

1．It充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)，后面的真正主語(yǔ)或真正賓語(yǔ)通常是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)、-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)或名詞性分句。例如：

It’sillegaltodrivewithoutalicense.

ItwaspleasantmeetingyouinLondonthatday.

Itwasnotknownwhethertherewasgoldleftinthemine.

Hemadeitclearthathedidn’twanttospeaktome.

2.SVoO(即“主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)”)句型中，一般詞序是直接賓語(yǔ)位于間接賓語(yǔ)之后。如果間接賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)或結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，一般應(yīng)置于句尾。試比較：

Youshouldgivethemagoodexample.

Youshouldgiveagoodexampletoyouryoungbrothersandsisters.

3.SVOC(即“主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”)句型中，一般詞序是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)在賓語(yǔ)之后，但若賓語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng)或比較復(fù)雜時(shí)一般將賓語(yǔ)移至賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后。例如：

Hehasprovedwrongtheforecastsmadebythecountry’sleadingeconomicexperts.

TheteachersoftheCollegeEnglishCenteraremakinggreateffortstocultivateintheirstudentsthehabitofspeakingEnglish.

Beingshortofmoneyandwantingtodosomethinguseful,…The–ingparticiplephrasecanbechangedintoanadverbialclauseofcauseorreason:---AsIwasshortofmoney…Examples:Beinginpoorhealthandlackinginteachingexperience,hewasdismissed.

Nothavinghistelephonenumber,Icouldn’tcontacthim.beshortof:havenotenough;lack;beinneedofbeshorton:bepoorerat,benotsogoodat在…稍差，在…較欠缺e.g.Thebookhasgoodinformation,butisrathershortonillustration.Sheisaniceperson,butshortonlooks.BecauseIwasinbadneedofmoneyandwaseagertodosomethingofuse,Iappliedforthejob.ButatthesametimethatIdidso,IwasafraidthatthepossibilityformetogetthejobwasverysmallbecauseIdidn’thaveauniversitydegree,nordidIhaveanyteachingexperience.ParaphraseHowever,threedayslateraletterarrived,summoningmetoCroydonforaninterview.Itprovedanawkwardjourney:atraintoCroydonstation;aten-minutebusrideandthenawalkofatleastaquarterofamile.AsaresultIarrivedonahotJunemorningtoodepressedtofeelnervous.Givemesentencesincluding“summon”abusridethattakestenminutesTen-minuteisacompoundadjectiveoftimeformedbycombiningacardinalnumberwithanouninthesingularnumberwhicharejoinedbyahyphen.Croydon:acityinSurrey,England,southofLondon…threedayslaterIreceivedaletter,askingmetogotoCroydontohaveaninterview.Paraphraseoftheitalisizedpart

Theschoolwasadreary,gabledVictorianhouseofredbrickandwithbigstaringsash-windows.Thefrontgardenwasagravelsquare;fourevergreenshrubsstoodateachcorner,wheretheystruggledtosurvivethedustandfumesfromabusymainroad.Givesentencesincluding“dreary”and“gabled”.Victorianhouse:ahousetypicalofthetimeQueenVictoria(1819－1901)reignedoverBritain(1837－1901)sash-windowsash-window:windowoftwoframeswhichopenbyslidingoneframeupordownbehindorinfrontoftheother上下推拉窗What’syourfeelingofthisenvironment?

Itwasclearlytheheadmasterhimselfthatopenedthedoor.Hewasshortandrotund.Hehadasandy-colouredmoustache,afreckledforeheadandhardlyanyhair.Hewaswearingatweedsuit—onefeltsomehowhehadalwayswornit—andacrosshisamplestomachwasloopedasilverwatch-chain.1.Explainthewords“rotund,ample,andloop”withexamples2.RewritetheitalicizedsentenceintoordinaryorderThesentenceunderlinedisanfullyinvertedsentence.主語(yǔ)放句尾，介詞短語(yǔ)被前置Helookedatmewithanairofsurpriseddisapproval,asacolonelmightlookataprivatewhosebootlaceswereundone.“Ahyes,”hegrunted.“You’dbettercomeinside.”Explainthemeaningof“air”inthissentence.WithanairifimportanceAir–appearance,mannerorpersonalbearingParaphrasethissentenceHecastalookatmewiththesamesurpriseanddislikeasacolonelwouldlookatasoldierwhenhisbootlacescameloose.Thenarrow,sunlesshallsmelledunpleasantlyofstalecabbage;thecream-printedwallshadgoneadingymargarinecolour,exceptwheretheywerescarredwithinkmarks;itwasallsilent.Hisstudy,judgingbythecrumbsonthecarpet,wasalsohisdiningroom.Onthemantelpiecetherewasasaltcellarandpepper-pot.Couldyouwriteasimilarparagraphaboutourclassroomaccordingtothegivenparagraph?Hisstudy,judgingbythecrumbsonthecarpet,wasalsohisdiningroom.所謂垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)（TheDanglingConstruction）就是一個(gè)句子成分，如分詞短語(yǔ)，不定式動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)等，找不到被修飾的主語(yǔ)或被修飾的對(duì)象不合邏輯，一般叫做“垂懸分詞”，在語(yǔ)法書上叫做“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”。另外，值得注意的是“垂懸分詞”是沒(méi)有錯(cuò)的，要和錯(cuò)誤的句法“懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)”區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)?！皯掖菇Y(jié)構(gòu)”是錯(cuò)誤的句法，應(yīng)該避免。三種常見(jiàn)的垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)及其改正方法：⒈垂懸分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)，如：①Climbingupthehill,severalboarswereseen.這句子里的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)（presentparticipialphrase）修飾主語(yǔ)“severalboars”是錯(cuò)的；改正方法有二：(a)確定是邏輯主語(yǔ)，使句子變成“Climbingupthehill,theexplorerssawseveralboars.”(b)把現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)擴(kuò)大為副詞分句（也稱狀語(yǔ)從句）：“Whentheexplorersclimbedupthehill,theysawseveralboars/severalboarswereseen.”⒉垂懸副詞短語(yǔ)，如：②Afterputtingashrimponthehook,thefishbegantobite.這句的副詞短語(yǔ)（adverbphrase）和主語(yǔ)“thefish”有什么邏輯關(guān)系呢？真正的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是“thefisherman”或“theangler”才對(duì)。改正方法和例①同：(a)Afterputtingashrimponthehook,thefishermanfoundthatthefishbegantobite.(b)Afterthefishermanhadputashrimponthehook,thefishbegantobite.⒊垂懸不定式動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，如：③

Towritewell,alotofpracticeisneeded.④Tobealoyalemployee,asenseofbelongingisamust.這兩個(gè)句子的不定式動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（infinitivephrases）并不能修飾“practice”和“asenseofbelonging”，真正的主語(yǔ)必須是“人”，如：(a)Towritewell,oneneedsalotofpractice/apersonhastopractisealot.(b)Tobealoyalemployee,heorshemusthaveasenseofbelonging.

“You’dbettersitdown,”hesaid,andproceededtoaskmeanumberofquestions:whatsubjectshadItakeninmyGeneralSchoolCertificate;howoldwasI;whatgamesdidIplay;thenfixingmesuddenlywithhisbloodshoteyes,heaskedmewhetherIthoughtgameswereavitalpartofaboy’ceedto:dosomethingafterdoingsomethingelsefirstSinceeveryoneagreesonthematter,let’sproceedtodiscussthenextpoint.Beforeweproceedtoexaminethispartofthecase,itmaybepropertolistentothewitness.fix…with盯著看，用(某種眼光)瞧(某人)：Fixingtheboywithasteadylook,theteacherforcedhimtotellthetruth.老師的目光緊緊盯著學(xué)生，迫使他說(shuō)出了真情。Imumbledsomethingaboutnotattachingtoomuchimportancetothem.Hegrunted.Ihadsaidthewrongthing.TheheadmasterandIobviouslyhadsingularlylittleincommon.attachimportanceto:laystresson,giveorascribeimportancetoManycompaniesattachimportancetoetiquetteandmannersinadditiontoindividuals’abilitiesandskills.Wemustattachimportancetofoodsafetybecauseitisconcerningpeople’slives.TheheadmasterandIobviouslyhadsingularlylittleincommon.Their

personal

and

professional

lives

have

collapsedinto

a

singularly

definedarea

that

representswho

they

are.

不可思議的ApparentlytheheadmasterandIhadnosimilarinterestsorbeliefs.

Theschool,hesaid,consistedofoneclassoftwenty-fourboys,

ranginginagefromseventothirteen.Ishouldhavetoteachallsubjectsexceptart,whichhetaughthimself.FootballandcricketwereplayedinthePark,amileawayonWednesdayandSaturdayafternoons.consistof:bemadeupof,beformedfromThewayteachingwasorganizedfilledmewithterror(or,Iwasshockedattheteachingarrangements).Theteachingset-upappalledme.I

can

dosomething

for

12

hours

that

would

appallme

ifIhadto

keep

it

upfora

lifetime.

Ishouldhavetodividetheclassintothreegroupsofthreedifferentlevelsandteachthemoneafteranother.Ishouldhavetosplittheclassupintothreegroupsandteachtheminturnatthreedifferentlevels.rangein…fromAtoB:varyofsomethingbetweenAandBonascaleofmeasurementorqualityVacuumcleanersrangeinpricefromlessthan$100tomorethan$500.Thechildrenattheorphanagerangeinagefrominfantto10－12yearsold.ItwasnotsomuchhavingtotrampamilealongthedustystreetsofCroydon,followedbyacrocodileofsmallboysthatIminded,butthefactthatmostofmyfriendswouldbeenjoyingleisureatthattime.不是…而是Itwasnotsomuch….But/as….itwasnotthat….butthat…Itwasnotbecause,butbecause…Itwasnotthatwearenotwillingtogo,butthatwehavenotime.IfelttroublednotbecauseIhadtowalkforamilealongthedustystreetsofCroydon,followedbyagroupofboys,butbecauseatthattimemostofmyfriendswouldbehavingagoodtimeandrelaxing.Thiswasthelaststraw…Strawisverylightinweight,butifyouincreasetheburdenonthecamel’sbackstrawbystraw,eventuallyyouwillputonhisbackonestrawtoomanyandthelaststrawwillbreakhisback.ThefactthatIwouldhavetoworkunderawomaninfuturemademefeeltotallyhumiliated.Theprospectofworkingunderawomanconstitutedtheultimateindignity.PleasegivemetwosentencescontainPossiblenewwordsandexpressionssuburb,summon,awkward,dreary,gabled,ever-green,fume,anairof,disapproval,colonel,grunt,dingy,proceed,margarine,mumble,attachimportanceto,consistof,appall,split,dismayed,diffidently,protest,

gettoone’sfeet,laststraw,prospectadvertiseadvertise(v.)vt.e.g.Dosalesmen~theirgoods?Wheredopeople~theirproducts?They~theirproductsinnewspapersoronTV.②advertiser(n.)③advertisement(n.)=ade.g.Thestorehasan~inthenewspaperforaspecialsale.Haveyoueverreceived~sinyourmailbox?mercial(n.)---anadvertisementontelevisionorradio(電視、廣播之)廣告Somewritinghints–howtodescribeapersonForehead;Moustache;Eyes;Hair;Figure;Height;Youcandescribeanyofyourclassmatesintheclassroomwithgivenwordsoranywordsyoulike!Forehead–large,high,low,broad,narrow,domed(有穹頂?shù)模?，orretreating/receding(后退的）Moustache–close–cropped（又密又短），drooping(下垂的，軟綿綿的）；pointed（硬而直的）Eyes–bloodshoteyes,bulgingeyes(淡褐色的，鼓起來(lái)的）,prominenteyes（大眼睛，突出的眼睛），dark-eyes，deep-seteyes（深陷的），sunkeneyes（凹眼）Hair–short,long,thin,thick,straight,curled,curly,wavy(波浪的）,sparse(稀少）,unkempt（蓬亂）,disheveled（散亂的），luxuriant(豐厚的）Thecolorofhaircanbe:black,dark,red,grey,silver,chesnut,white,brown,blonde,golden,jet-black,dyed(染色的）SomemenlosetheirhairandgobaldFigure:aperson’sfiguremaybeslender,stout(fat,plump),stooping,thin(lean),slimHeight:Apersonmaybe:tall,short,ofmedium(average)height

Ayoungmansawateachingpostina

.He

,fearingthatwithouta

andwith__________inteaching,hischancesofgettingthejobwere

.

,hegotananswer,askinghimto

.However,theinterviewmadehimfeeleverythingwas__________________________:schoolconditions,

,theteachers,the

,etc.

isthewoman,whoreallyrantheschool.Hedidn’t

atlast.Exercise1TranslatethefollowingsentencedfromChineseintoEnglish.他們都認(rèn)為他成功的可能性很小。我不知道她為何總帶有一種悶悶不樂(lè)的神情。等到所有同學(xué)就座后，學(xué)生會(huì)主席才開(kāi)始宣布野營(yíng)的日程安排。胃是人至關(guān)重要的器官，請(qǐng)善待之。他認(rèn)為總經(jīng)理如此重視那些日常瑣事是荒唐的。她的研究涉及多種語(yǔ)言和文化，富有挑戰(zhàn)性。根據(jù)安排，全體工作人員輪流值晚班。想到要遠(yuǎn)離父母獨(dú)立生活，她深感不安。9.對(duì)于他是否勝任這項(xiàng)工作我們不甚擔(dān)心，我們更擔(dān)心他的健康問(wèn)題。10.想到要做一次環(huán)球航海旅行，他為之激動(dòng)不已。Exercise2.Completeeachunfinishedsentencewithaword,phrase,orstructurefromtheboxintheproperform.applyfor,gettoone’sfeet,survive,attachimportanceto,havemuchincommon,being,judgingby,competent,Notsomuch…butthefactthat,acrocodileof,ranginginprice/ageUsuallytheinterviewer____theeducationalbackground,abilities,interestsandpastexperiencesoftheapplicant.Fewpeopleinthatvillage____theterriblefamineof1962.Hiseffortstogetthejobwerefutilebecausetherewerealotof___youngmenwho___thejob.4.Experiencedteachersfindthey____whentheytalkabouttheteachingset–up.5.____thewayshepreparesthemeal,wecansaythatshemusthavebeentrainedinagoodrestaurant.6.Theintervieweeisnotsuppo