高考英語閱讀理解訓(xùn)練經(jīng)典題目(及答案)

高考英語閱讀理解訓(xùn)練經(jīng)典題目（及答案）一、高中英語閱讀理解.閱讀理解Aswintersetin,it'stheperfecttimetogetoutoftownandescapetheseasonalmooddisorder.Herearevacationideastoadoptnow.CostaRicaCostaRica,locatedintheValledelGeneral,isanoff-the-radaragriculturetownthat'snotoverrunwithtourists.Theareaisknownforitscoffee,pineapplesandsugarcaneplantations,aswellasitsrichforests.What'smore,youcanenjoyhorsebackriding,spendafternoonsatthespaortouranearbywildlifesheltertolookoutforcolorfulbirds,slothsandotheranimals.LosCabos,MexicoIfyoulovewine,traveltoLosCabos,abeautifulvacationdestinationatthesouthernedgeoftheBajaPeninsula.Duringyourgetaway,youcanenjoyspecialwinetastingsanddinnercookedbyLosCabos'sMichelin-starredchef.Therearewildlife-viewingopportunities,too.FromDecemberthroughMay,youcanspotwhales,mantaraysandmorewildlife.PetitStVincent,theGrenadinesThisprivateCaribbeanislandwassparedtheangerofhurricanesIrmaandMaria.What'smore,thewholeislandisonly115acresandhas22cottages.Eachcottageislocatedinaquietplace,andyoucanexpecttounplugandrechargephoneswithnowirelessconnections,televisionsortelephonesinthecottages.Evenbetter,youcanspendyourdaysadmiringfascinatingmarine(海洋的)lifeattheJean-MichelCousteauDivingCaribbeancenter.TheExumas,BahamasOnFowlCay's50-acreprivateisland,youcanenjoyacarefreeescape.Dayscanbespentfishing,boatinganddivingbeforewanderingalongwhitesands.Theresortfeatureslargeone-,two-andthree-bedroomhouses.Bestofall,ifyou'replanningagroupgetawayormultigenerationaltrip,yourenttheentireislandforaone-of-a-kindislandescape.Whydoestheauthorrecommendtheseplacestoreaders?A.Toescapefromextremeweather. B.Toexperienceout-of-townsights.C.Tobeatwinterblues. D.Totreatmentaldiseases.WhatdoweknowaboutPetitStVincent?ItsufferedfromIrmaandMaria.It'sahugeandquietisland.Peoplecanadmirefishoffshore.Peoplecanchargephonesusingwirelessconnections(3)WherecanTombestgowithhisgrandparentsandparents?A.LosCabos,Mexico. B.PetitStVincent,theGrenadines.C.CostaRica. D.TheExumas,Bahamas.【答案】(1)DCD【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了冬天來臨之時(shí)，適合外出度假的一些地點(diǎn)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Aswintersetin,it'stheperfecttimetogetoutoftownandescapetheseasonalmooddisorder.隨著冬天的到來，這是走出小鎮(zhèn)，擺脫季節(jié)性情緒”障礙的最佳時(shí)機(jī)。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù) PetitStVincent，theGrenadines部分中的“ThisprivateCaribeanislandwassparedtheangerofhurricanesIrmaandMaria．”這個(gè)私人的加勒比島幸免于颶風(fēng)伊爾瑪和瑪麗亞，可知選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù) TheExumas，Bahamas部分的“Bestofa，llifyou'replanningagroupgetawayormultigenerationaltrip,yourenttheentireislandforaone-of-a-kindislandescape．”最重要的是，如果你正在計(jì)劃一次集體出游或多代人旅行，你就可以租整個(gè)島，以獲得獨(dú)一無二的島嶼之旅，故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解Washington,D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.DurationTourThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseeaworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—thecherryblossoms—disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours（4miles）JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.Knowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemost,interestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute（路線）makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours（7miles）JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.（1）Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A.Meetfamouspeople. B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-knownmuseums. D.Enjoyinterestingstories.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps. B.Cameras C.Meals. D.Safetylights.【答案】(1)A⑵AD【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文介紹了四個(gè)有特色的華盛頓特區(qū)自行車之旅。(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的 "Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—thecherryblossoms—disappear!可知，華盛頓的櫻花自行車之旅需要在櫻花消失之前預(yù)定好位置，故選Ao(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks."可知，在首都自行車之旅中可以聽到導(dǎo)游講的有關(guān)總統(tǒng)、國會(huì)、紀(jì)念碑等有趣的故事，故選Do(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights可知，夜間自行車之旅配備反光背心和安全燈，故選 D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題，要注意仔細(xì)閱讀從文中尋找答案。3.閱讀理解AnexperimentalcleanupdevicecalledRemoveDEBRIShassuccessfullycastanetaroundadummy(仿真的)satellite,imitatingatechniquethatcouldonedaycollectspacebornegarbage.Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisweek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspacecleanuptechnology,expertstoldCNN.Anditsymbolizesanearlysteptowardsolvingwhathasalreadybeenacriticalissue:junkinspace.Millionsofpiecesofjunkareturningaroundinorbittheresultof50yearsofspacetravelandfewregulationstokeepspaceclean.Atorbitalspeeds,evenasmallbitofpaintcrashingwithasatellitecancausecriticaldamage.Variouscompanieshaveplanstosendthousandsofnewsatellitesintolow-Earthorbit,alreadythemostcrowdedarea.TheRemoveDEBRISexperimentisrunbyacompanyandresearchersledbytheU.K.'sSurreySpaceCenterandincludesAirbus,Airbus-ownedSurreySatelliteTechnologyLtd.andFrance'sArianeGroup.GuglielmoAglietti,thedirectorofSurreySpaceCenter,saidthatanoperationalversionoftheRemoveDEBRlStechnologywouldcastanetthatremainsfastenedtothemainsatellitesothedebriscanbedraggedoutoforbit.Itcouldtargetlargepiecesofjunk,includingdeadsatellitesupto10meterslong.TheRemoveDEBRISsatellitewillconductafewmoreexperimentsinthecomingmonths,includingtestingnavigationfeaturesthatcouldhelpguidethesatellitetoaspecificpieceofdebris.JonathanMcDowell,anastrophysicistattheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics,saidthesuccessofthisweek'sexperimentwasexciting,buthecautionedagainst"over-publicizing"it.Therearestillenormousbarrierstoclearbeforeoperationalcleanuptasksareunderway,hesaid,andthemostdiscouragingisfiguringouthowtofundsuchprojects.Aglietti,theSurreyprofessorwhohelpedleadtheRemoveDEBRISproject,said"Thechallengewilllieinpersuadingtherelevantauthoritiestosponsorthesetasks."AgliettisaidhehopesRemoveDEBRISwillconductafewcleanuptasksperyear,targetingthelargestpiecesofjunkinthemostcrowdedorbits.11)WhatistheuseoftheRemoveDEBRISsatellite?A.Demonstratingspacetechnology. B.Imitatingadevelopingtechnique.C.Collectingwastesexistinginspace. D.Symbolizinggreatprogressinspace.HowdoestheRemoveDEBRlSsatellitework?Bythrowinganettotakethejunkfromorbit.Byfasteningittothemainsatellitetightly.Bydraggingsatellitesupto10meterslong.Bytargetinglargepiecesofjunkcarefully.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"sponsor"inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Accomplish. B.Support. C.Oppose. D.Provide.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?TheRemoveDEBRISProjectIsPerfectHowRemoveDEBRISsInventedintheLabWhytheRemoveDEBRISsatelliteIsInventedSatelliteCollectsSpaceJunkfortheFirstTime【答案】(1)C⑵ABD【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了 衛(wèi)星首次收集太空垃圾?！币环N名為清除碎片”的實(shí)驗(yàn)清理設(shè)備成功地在一顆虛擬衛(wèi)星周圍撒網(wǎng)，模仿一種有朝一日可能收集太空垃圾的技術(shù)。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中 ”...,imitatingatechniquethatcouldonedaycollectspacebornegarbage.模仿一種有一天可以收集太空垃圾的技術(shù)?？芍?，theRemoveDEBRIS衛(wèi)星的用途是收集太空中存在的廢物。故選 Co(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第六段中的“...,saidthatanoperationalversionoftheRemoveDEBRlStechnologywouldcastanetthatremainsfastenedtothemainsatellitesothedebriscanbedraggedoutoforbit.Itcouldtargetlargepiecesofjunk,includingdeadsatellitesupto10meterslong.該公司表示，一種操作性版本的 RemoveDEBRlS技術(shù)將會(huì)在主衛(wèi)星上撒10米的報(bào)廢衛(wèi)星。10米的報(bào)廢衛(wèi)星?？芍?，RemoveDEBRlSffl星是通過撒網(wǎng)把垃圾帶離軌道。故選A。33）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)最后一段中的 "AgliettisaidhehopesRemoveDEBRISwillconductafewcleanuptasksperyear,targetingthelargestpiecesofjunkinthemostcrowdedorbits."Agliettj他希望清理碎片的工作每年能進(jìn)行幾次，目標(biāo)是最擁擠軌道上最大的垃圾碎片?？芍?， 挑戰(zhàn)在于說服有關(guān)當(dāng)局贊助這些任務(wù)。 ”可知，劃線詞的意思是 支持”。故選Bo（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段中的 "Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisweek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspacecleanuptechnology,expertstoldCNN.Anditsymbolizesanearlysteptowardsolvingwhathasalreadybeenacriticalissue:junkinspace.專'家告訴CNN,本周進(jìn)行的這次測試被廣泛認(rèn)為是太空清潔技術(shù)的首次成功演示。它象征著解決太空垃圾這一關(guān)鍵問題的第一步。可知，本文主題是 衛(wèi)星首次收集太空垃圾”。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷，詞義猜測和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4.閱讀理解Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity（繁榮）.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad;thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother;thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.Ihavetaughtmanychildrenwhoheldthebeliefthattheirself-worthreliedonhowwelltheyperformedattennisandotherskills.Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathaffairs.Intheirsingle-mindedpursuitofsuccess,thedevelopmentofmanyotherhumanqualitiesissadlyforgotten.However,whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed,otherstakeanoppositeattitude.Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.Amongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety.Teachingtheseyoungpeople,Ioftenobserveinthemadesiretofail.Theyseemtoseekfailurebynottryingtowinorachievesuccess.Bynottrying,theyalwayshaveanexcuse:"Imayhavelost,butitdoesn'tmatterbecauseIreallydidn'ttry."Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythemselvesisthebeliefthatiftheyhadreallytriedandlost,thatwouldmeanalot.Suchalosswouldbeameasureoftheirworth.Clearly,thisbeliefisthesameasthatofthetruecompetitorswhotrytoprovethemselves.Botharebasedonthemistakenbeliefthatone'sself-respectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.Onlyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodissoke（緩解）canwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.Whyaresomepeopleinfavorofcompetition?Becausetheythinkcompetitionpushessocietyforward.Becausetheythinkcompetitionimprovessocialabilities.Becausetheythinkcompetitionbuildsupasenseofpride.Becausetheythinkcompetitiondevelopspeople'srelationship.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"themostvocal"inParagraph3referto?Peoplewhotrytheirbesttowin.Peoplewhohighlyvaluecompetition.Peoplewhoarestronglyagainstcompetition.Peoplewhomostlyrelyonothersforsuccess.（3）Whichviewpointdoestheauthoragreeto?Self-worthreliesonwinning.Winningshouldbealife-and-deathmatter.Competitionleadstounfriendlyrelationship.Fearoffailureshouldberemovedincompetition.（4）Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?Competitionhelpstosetupself-respect.Peopleholddifferentopinionsaboutcompetition.Failuresarenecessaryexperienceincompetition.Competitionisharmfultopersonalqualitydevelopment.【答案】（1）ACDB【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論述了人們對(duì)于競爭所持的不同觀點(diǎn)。TOC\o"1-5"\h\z（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.”可知，一些人贊成競爭是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為競爭促進(jìn)社會(huì)的進(jìn)步和繁榮。故選 A。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的 “theystronglyblamecompetition"他們強(qiáng)烈譴責(zé)競爭；以及"youngsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety"遭受來自父母或社會(huì)的競爭壓力的年輕人，可推知，畫線部分的意思是 "強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)的"。故選 C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的 ”O(jiān)nlyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodissolvecanwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.只有當(dāng)這種基本的、常常令人煩惱“的恐懼開始消失時(shí)，我們才能在競爭中發(fā)現(xiàn)新的意義。可推知，作者認(rèn)為競爭要擺脫對(duì)失\o"CurrentDocument"敗的恐懼。故選 D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段 ”Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad;thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother;thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)，關(guān)于競爭有很多爭論。有些人 “非常重視它，認(rèn)為它對(duì)社會(huì)進(jìn)步和繁榮負(fù)有責(zé)任。其他人說競爭是不好的;它使一個(gè)人反對(duì)另一個(gè)人;這會(huì)導(dǎo)致人與人之間不友好的關(guān)系。以及下文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹人們對(duì)于競爭所持的不同觀點(diǎn)。故選 B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。.閱讀理解OurplanwastodriveintoCambridge,catchthe7:34traintoLiverpoolStreetStation,thentoseparateandmeetagainforlunch.WeshouldhavearrivedatLiverpoolat9:19,butduetoatypicalLondonfog,thetrainhadtomovealongsoslowlythatitwasnotuntil10:30thatitgotthere.Inspiteofourlatearrival,Joan,mywife'ssister,decidedthatshewouldgotoseetheCrownJewelsintheTowerofLondonwhilewewentshopping.Itwasonlyafterhersisterhaddisappearedintothefogthatmywiferealizedthatwehadn'tdecidedwhereweshouldmeetforlunch.SinceIhadourthreeticketsfortheconcertinmypocket,thiswasindeedaproblem.ThereseemedtobenothingwecoulddoexcepttakingataxitotheTowerofLondon,andtrytofindherthere.Needlesstosay,wedidn'tfindher.Itwasnowoneo'clock,andtheconcertbeganat2:30."Perhapsshewillthinkofwaitingoutsidetheconcerthall,"suggestedmywifehopefully.Bythistimethefogwassothickthatroadtraffichadtostop,andtheonlywaytogettherewasbyundergroundrailway.Handinhandwefeltourwayalongtheroadtowherewethoughttheneareststationshouldbe.Anhourlaterwewerestilltryingtofindit.JustasIwasabouttolosemytempercompletelywhenwemetablindmantappinghiswayconfidentlythroughthefog.WithhishelpwefoundTowerHilltubestationjustfiftyyardsdowntheroad.Bynowitwasfartoolateeventotrytogettotheconcerthallbeforetheperformancebeganat2:30,sowedecidedtoreturntoCambridge.Ittooksevenlonghoursinsteadoftheusualtwotomakethatjourney.Norwereweabletogetanyfoodanddrinkonthetrain.Tiredandhungrywefinallyreachedhomeatten,openingthedoortothesoundofthetelephonebell.ItwasJoan;shehadseentheCrownJewels,hadmanagedtogetanotherticketforconcert,andhadhadawonderfuldinneratarestaurantnearthehotelwhereshedecidedtostayforthenight.Nowshewasringingtodiscoverwhetherwehadhadanequallysuccessfulday.WhywasJoanseparatedfromhersisterandherbrother-in-law?theycouldnotseeeachotherbecauseofthefog.JoanhadnotseenCrownJewels.Theyplannedtododifferentthingsuntillunchtime.Thewriterdidn'twanttogototheconcert.Whatdidthewriterplantodointheafternoon?A.Gototheconcert. B.SeetheCrownJewels.C.ReturntoCambridge. D.Goshopping.Thereasonwhytheydidn'tallmeetforlunchwasthat.Theylosttheirwayinthefogtheyforgottomakenecessaryarrangementtheywaitedatdifferentplacesanddidn'tmeeteachotherthecouplecouldn'tfindtheundergroundstation（4）It'squiteclearthatforJoanthetriptoLondonhadbeen .A.spiltbythefogB.quitetiringC.ratherdisappointingD.veryenjoyable【答案】（1）CABD【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者一伙人到倫敦游玩的故事。由于安排不當(dāng)，導(dǎo)致當(dāng)天的活動(dòng)很是混亂。TOC\o"1-5"\h\z（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“OurplanwastodriveintoCambridge,catchthe7:34traintoLiverpoolStreetStation,thentoseparateandmeetagainforlunch可知，他們分開的原因在于他們決定各自做自己的事情，然后中午午餐時(shí)相聚。故選 C。2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的 “SinceIhadourthreeticketsfortheconcertinmypocket,thiswasindeedaproblem，可知作者計(jì)劃去聽音樂會(huì)。故選” A。3）細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的 “Itwasonlyafterhersisterhaddisappearedintothefogthatmywiferealizedthatwehadn'tdecidedwhereweshouldmeetforlunch.可知此前他們并沒有 ”做好安排。故導(dǎo)致午飯時(shí)沒能聚到一起。故選B。4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的 “ItwasJoan;shehadseentheCrownJewels,hadmanagedtogetanotherticketforconcert,andhadhadawonderfuldinneratarestaurantnearthehotelwhereshedecidedtostayforthenight可知Joan玩得很盡興。故選” D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。6.（2019?全國m）閱讀理解Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.Thetrend,then,wastowardthe"pennypaper"-atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper;perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible（butnoteasy）tobuysinglecopiesofnewspapersbefore1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter'sofficetopurchaseacopy.Streetsaleswerealmostunknown.However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplaceineasterncities.Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapenny-usuallytwoorthreecentswascharged-andsomeoftheolderwell-knownpaperschargedfiveorsixcents.Butthephrase"pennypaper"caughtthepublic'sfancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsellforonlyapenny.Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor"themanonthestreet"didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventures(企業(yè))wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesiretochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesnewspapersinAmericabeforethe1830s?A.Academic. B.Unattractive. C.Inexpensive. D.Confidential.Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers?A.Theywouldbepricedhigher. B.Theywoulddisappearfromcities.C.Theycouldhavemorereaders. D.Theycouldregainpublictrust.Whowerethenewspapersofthenewtrendtargetedat?Localpoliticians.B.Commonpeople.C.Youngpublishers.D.Richbusinessmen.(4)Whatcanwesayaboutthebirthofthepennypaper?A.Itwasadifficultprocess. B.Itwasatemporarysuccess.C.Itwasarobberyofthepoor. D.Itwasadisasterforprinters.【答案】(1)B(2)C(3)B(4)A【解析】【分析】本文介紹了 便士報(bào)紙”的誕生歷程。(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。將題干中的 1830s定位在文章的第一段，根據(jù)theseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens和mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience可知，當(dāng)時(shí)只有富人才能讀報(bào)紙，而且大多數(shù)報(bào)紙中幾乎沒有能吸引大眾的內(nèi)容，讓人感覺無聊。由此可得出那時(shí)白^報(bào)紙沒有什么吸引力。 A.Academic學(xué)術(shù)的；Unattractive沒有吸引力， 無魅力的； C.Inexpensive廉價(jià)的，不貴的； D.Confidential機(jī)密的，保密的。故答案為 Bo(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段提到 便士報(bào)紙”針對(duì)大眾，很便宜的。更重要的是，在街上可以買至U報(bào)紙。 結(jié)合第三段中間的 streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplaceineasterncities可知，報(bào)紙的街頭銷售隨處可見。由此可推斷出，街頭銷售意味讀報(bào)紙的多了。故答案為Co(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的 referringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic可知，這種便士報(bào)紙”是針對(duì)大眾的，在街上可以買得到報(bào)紙。所以這種報(bào)紙針對(duì)的是普通老百姓，故答案為B。(4)推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的 didnotbeginwell…immediatefailures,便士-報(bào)紙”新趨勢一開始并不好，一些早期的嘗試立即失敗了。后來一些年輕而大膽的商人才推動(dòng)了這件事。由此可推斷出 便士報(bào)紙”的誕生是一個(gè)困難而曲折的過程。故答案為 Ao【點(diǎn)評(píng)】這是一篇科普類的說明文，閱讀時(shí)把握文章的主旨，然后快速瀏覽文章內(nèi)容。閱讀問題時(shí)，確定問題中的關(guān)鍵詞，然后在文章中準(zhǔn)確定位，認(rèn)真分析相關(guān)的語句即可得到答案。7.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)( A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?Avoidingtemptation(誘惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe"outofsight,outofmind"principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail?Notnecessarily.Researchersdon'tbelievethatone'swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoapoint.Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable(脆弱)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear'sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords,don'ttrytoquitsmoking,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,you'llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon'trequiremakingdecisionsatall.11)Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat.A.peoplehaveunlimitedself-control rB.highmotivationensuresone'ssuccessC.willpowerishardlycompletelyexhaustedD.toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure(2)Theunderlinedphrase"tapinto"inParagraph3mostprobablymeans.A.makeuseof B.runoutof C.build D.increaseTheauthorcomparesself—controltomuscles.toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpowertoshowthesignificanceofregularexercisetoarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyuseduptoexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-controlTodevelopagoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?A."Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise."B."Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester."C."IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth."D."Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation."【答案】(1)C⑵ADC【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇議論文，列舉了關(guān)于意志力的幾種研究和觀點(diǎn)，作者認(rèn)為有了明確的目標(biāo)，良好的自我監(jiān)督和練習(xí)，就可以在面對(duì)誘惑時(shí)使意志力保持堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的 "Researchersdon'tbelievethatone'swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.可知，研究人員不相信人的意志力會(huì)完全耗盡，他們還有備用的和為將來需求節(jié)省的意志力。所以從文章中的研究我們了解到意志力幾乎沒有完全喪失。故選 Co(2)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的 "Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown."可知，正確的動(dòng)機(jī)使我們能夠利用這些儲(chǔ)備，即使我們的自我控制能力已經(jīng)被消耗殆盡，我們?nèi)匀豢梢岳^續(xù)前進(jìn)。所以通過上下文的語境，判斷出"tapinto"指利用，與makeuseof同義。故選Ao(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的 "Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.可知，雖然肌肉在短期內(nèi)會(huì)因運(yùn)動(dòng)而疲憊不堪，但長期而言，它們會(huì)通過經(jīng)常鍛煉而增強(qiáng)。同樣規(guī)律的自我控制可以提高意志力。兩者相比是為了說明同一個(gè)道理：長期的鍛煉和自我控制的好處。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是為了解釋自我控制的好處。故選 Do(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的 "Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,you'llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon'trequiremakingdecisionsatall.可知，作者認(rèn)為一個(gè)接一個(gè)的制定目標(biāo)是一個(gè)更好的方法。一旦養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣，你就不再需要依靠意志力來維持自己的行為。最終健康的習(xí)慣將成為慣例，而且不需要做任何決定。所以C項(xiàng)"IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth."是先設(shè)立目標(biāo)，然后成為好習(xí)慣，作者更喜歡這種目標(biāo)。故選 Co【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。8.閱讀理解AlisonMalmonwasendingherfreshmanyearattheUniversityofPennsylvania.US,whenshegotthenews:HerolderbrotherBrian,astudentatColumbiaUniversity;wassufferingfrommentalillness.Inspiredbythis,Malmonformedagroupatheruniversitytoorganizestudentstotalkopenlyaboutmentalhealth.Itsoonblossomedintoanationalorganizationthattodayhasmorethan450campuschapters.Leaderswiththeorganizationspendtheirtimetalkingwithcollegestudentsaboutthepressurethattoday'syoungpeopleface."Whatyouhearoftenisjustaneedtobeperfect,"saidMalmon,"andaneedtopresentoneselfasperfect."AnewstudyintheUKprovedthatthisneedforperfectionismissimplypartoftoday'ssociety.Inthestudy,tworesearchersstudiedmorethan40,000studentsfromtheUS,Canada,andtheUK.Theyfoundthatwhattheycalled"socially-prescribed（社會(huì)定向型的 ）perfectionism"increasedbyathirdbetween1989and2016.LeadresearcherThomasCurransaidthatwhilesomanyoftoday'syoungpeopletrytopresentaperfectappearanceonline,socialmediaisn'ttheonlyreasonbehindthistrend.Instead,hesaid,itmaybedrivenbycompetitioninmodemsociety,meaningyoungpeoplecan'tavoidbeingsortedandrankedinbotheducationandemployment.Thatcomesfromnewnormalsituationlikegreaternumbersofcollegestudents,nationalexaminationandparentingthatincreasinglyemphasizessuccessineducation.Forexample,in1976,halfofhighschoolseniorsexpectedtogetacollegedegreeofsomekind.By2008,morethan80percentexpectedthesame.Theresearchersalsosaidchangesinparentingstylesoverthelasttwodecadesmighthavehadanimpact.Asparentsfeelincreasedpressuretoraisesuccessfulchildren,theyinturnpasstheir"achievementanxieties"ontotheirkid