2023年職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ怉級真題及答案

2023年職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ怉級真題及答案第1部分：詞匯選項(第1~1５題,每題1分,共15分)

下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線,請為每處劃線部分?jǐn)M定１個憊義最為接近的選項。1Wｉtｈiｍmeｎserｅｌiｅf，sｔｏｐpｅdruｎｎｉｎg.Aenormous

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Btrained

Ｃｇuｉded

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Dwitｈｄraw第2部分：閱讀判斷(第１６~2２題,每題1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷:假如該句提

供的是對的信息,請選擇Ａ;假如該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；假如該句的信息文中沒有提及,請選擇C。GrｅeｎRooｆResearｃh

Theｃonｃepｔoｆgrｅenroofsiｓｂａsｉcａllyaboｕｔｇｒowingｐlａntｓｏnroofｓ，thusｈelpingtｏrｅｐlacｅｔｈegｒeenfｏotprinｔｔｈａt(yī)hａdｂeendestｒoyｅdｄuｅtotheconstｒuｃtionｏftheｂuｉlｄiｎｇ．Grｅｅnroofsarｅｔhemoｓtprｅvalent（流行)inＧｅrmany，whichisｗidelyｒｅｇardedasｔheleadeｒiｎgｒeenrｏｏfreｓearch.

Ｔhegrｅenrｏofｓthataｒeusedthｅseｄaysｃanｂeclaｓsifiedas"extenｓive"and“ｉntensive”ｓystｅms.Exteｎsiｖｅgreenroofsｕｓemossｅs,grａsｓesaｎdherbs,whｉchaｒｅtoleranｔtoｄrouｇhtｓ.Ｔheseｐlantsdoｎotneｅdmuchmaiｎtenaｎce,canｂegrowninaｌaｙerofｓｕbｓｔraｔe（土層）thaｔcanbｅasｓhallowas1．5ｉｎcheｓ，anｄｇeneｒalｌyａreiｎａccessｉbletｏtheｐubliｃ.Ｉnｃoｎtｒaｓｔ.ａｗｉｄerangeofspecieｓｏfpｌａntsaregｒoｗnｏniｎｔensivegｒeenroofs，sｕchasshrｕbｓ(灌木)andeveｎtrｅes,whiｃｈｒequｉredｅeperｓｕbｓtｒatｅlａyers,andareusualｌygrownonfｌａｔroｏfs．Ｔheｙneediｎtｅnsｉvemaｉnｔｅnance,anｄareuｓuallyaｒeaｓthatreｓｅmｂｌeｐarkswhｉchaｒｅａcceｓｓｉblｅｔopeople.

Therｅareseverａｌbeneｆitsｏfadoptiｎggreenrooｆtｅchnologiｅs.Ａpartfｒｏmtｈｅobｖｉouspsycｈoｌogicａｌandaestheｔic（暮學(xué)的)beneｆitsofｇarｄen—liｋeｅnvｉｒｏnmenｔssurｒoｕndｉｎgyｏｕ，soｍeoｆｔhecｏｍmon‘eｃonｏmiｃandeｃoｌogｉcalｂenｅfitsare：arｅducｔioｎinｔｈecｏnsumptｉonofeneｒｇy；airanｄｗatｅｒpurificatｉon;rｅcoverｉｎggreｅnspａceｓ;anｄｔhemitｉｇation(緩解）ｏfthｅｈeａt(yī)ｉsｌandｅfｆeｃtｉnurbaｎａｒeas.

Theｇreenroofreｓｅaｒchｔhatiscuｒrｅntｌyｏngoｉｎgisｆocｕsedｏneｖａluatingｔhｅspeciｅsｏfｐlaｎｔsthaｔareｓｕitaｂleｔｏbｅgｒownonroofs，tｈeｍｅthodsofpｒopagation（繁殖）aswｅllaｓestablishmｅnｔ,nuｔrienｔ(養(yǎng)料）andｗａt(yī)ｅrreqｕiremｅｎｔ,substratｅｓ，anｄｔhequａntｉｔyandqｕalｉtｙofｗaｔｅｒrunoff.Theevaluationcriｔeriａofplantspeciesarｅ：atwhatrａｔetheycanｂeesｔabｌiｓｈeｄ：ｔheiｒcａpａcｉｔytowithstanｄｉｎvasiveｗeedｓ;ｔolｅranceofｃoldandheat；toｌeｒanceofdｒoｕgｈｔconｄitions；capａciｔyofpersistenceandsurviｖaｌ．

Ａnumｂerｏfexperimenｔsareｂeinｇconducteｄｏnroofplaｔformsimulationsatvariｏｕsｒesｅaｒcｈcenterｓ．Thesesitesａreｇｅｎｅrallyｏutｆittedwｉthequiｐｍent,whiｃharｅusｅdtomeasuｒｅteｍpｅｒａｔuresaｔdifｆｅrentdepthsｏftheｇrｏwingsuｂｓtrａt(yī)ｅs,aｎdtheｒateaｎｄｖｏlｕmeoｆtheｒｕｎofｆofｓｔｏrmwaｔｅrsfromeaｃhoftｈｅplatｆｏｒms．

Gｒｅenrooftechnｏlogｙisrepresentatｉｖｅｏfacompｌetelyneｗmaｒｋetfｏrlandｓcapｅcoｎｔractｏｒs,andａｌlｒoｏfsthaｔcurrentlyｅｘistaｎｄtheｆutuｒeonｅstｏｂｅｃonsｔrucｔeｄarethｅｐotentiaｌmarkｅt—aｍarketthatistooｈugetobeｏvｅrlookeｄ.16．Itiseｓtiｍａt(yī)edｔhataｒoｕnｄ10ｐercｅntoｆtｈeflatroｏfsinGeｒｍａnyａrｅgrｅｅnARigｈt

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CNotmentioneｄ17.GｅrmanpeｏplepreｆerexｔｅnsｉvegreｅnｒoofｓｙstｅmｓｔointensiveoｎｅsＡRｉgｈt

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ＢWｒｏng

CNｏｔmｅntiｏned２0.OnｅofthebｅnefitsｏfgｒeenroofsｉsｔｈeredｕctioｎｏftｈeheatislaｎdefｆectinciｔieｓＡRiｇhｔ

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CＮｏtmentioned２1.ＯnefocusinｔｈegrｅeｎｒｏｏfresearcｈiｓｔheeｖaluationｏｆsuiｔaｂｌｅpｌanｔｓｐeｃiesARight

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CNotmeｎｔioned２２.Althougｈgｒｅenrooｆｔeｃhnoloｇycanｃreateagaｒden—liｋeenviｒonmeｎｔ,ｉtspotｅntialｍａｒｋeｔiｓratｈｅｒｓmalｌ．AＲight

BWrong

CＮｏtmentioｎｅd第３部分:概括大意與完畢句子(第23～3０題，每題1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù):(１)第2３~26題規(guī)定從所給的6個選項中為第２～5段每段選擇1個最佳標(biāo)題；(２)第27~３0題規(guī)定從所給的６個選項中為每個句子擬定１個最佳選項。TｈeSｕpercompｕｔerＮetwｏrk1

Recｅntlｙ.Tenlabｏratorｉesruｎｂｙgｏvｅrnmentsindiffereｎtparｔsｏｆthｅworldｈavebｅｃoｍeliｎｋed．Theｉｒcompｕteｒｓhavebｅenｃonｎｅctedsｏthｅycaｎ“talｋ”tｏeａcｈｏｔher.Thｉsmaynotseemvｅrydramatiｃｎews,butｉｔｉsthebegiｎnｉnｇofａdeｖeｌoｐmenｔthａｔｗｉｌlinｃrｅaseｔhepoweroｆtｈeInternetｔremeｎｄoｕｓlｙ．2

ＴｈｅInｔernetisanintｅrconnｅcｔed(互聯(lián)）systemofneｔworksthａｔconｎectscompuｔersrｏundｔheworlｄａnｄｆacilｉｔatesthｅｔransｍisｓｉonａndeｘchａngeoｆinfｏrmaｔiｏn.ＴhｅwaythatyoｕusｅtheIｎterｎｅｔisbyａccesｓiｎgｔhisnetwork．Thisdeｐendｓontｈｅpowertｈaｔyoｕrsyｓtemaｌｌowsyoｕtoｕsｅ．Ｔhepowerofｙouｒｃompｕteriｓreｓpoｎsiｂｌeforｈowｆastyoucanｄownloａd(下載)filｅｓ,ｈoｗmuchdataｙoucanｓtｏrｅ,eｔｃ.Ifyｏuｒcoｍputeｒiｓoldandsｌｏｗ．a(chǎn)ｃcessingtheｉnfｏrｍaｔioncａnbｅvｅrydiｆficｕlｔ.3Thｅｎｅwdｅveloｐｍeｎtinｉｎｆormationteｃhnolｏgyhasｂeｅncalled“theｇrid”(網(wǎng)格技術(shù)）,andｉtwiｌｌbeａneｔwｏrkｏfcompｕterｓthatarelinkedtｏｇeｔhｅr．Ｔhe“grid”willｗorkinａｄiffeｒentwayfroｍtheInteｒnet,enaｂlingyｏutogｅｔthepoｗerofthｅbｉggeｓtcｏmputerｓiｎtheｗｏrldｏｎyourｃｏｍpuｔer．Accesｓingthｅinｆormａt(yī)ｉonwillｎｏlongeｒdeｐenｄonthepoweｒoｆyｏｕrcomputeｒ.Theｉdeaiｓthatwｈｉlｅｙouacｃeｓｓinｆoｒmａｔｉon,ｙoｕｗillalsoｈaveaccesｓtoｔｈepoｗｅｒｏｆtｈebiggeｒcomｐuteｒsｔａt(yī)ionｓ.4Oｎeadｖaｎｔageofｔｈisreｖｏｌｕtｉonaryideaiｓthａｔｇeｏｇraphicallocationwｉｌlbecomｅirrｅlｅvａｎt．Tｈe“gｒid”wilｌｄeｃiｄｅｗhｉｃhareｔhｅbｅstpaｒtｓofaworｌｄｗｉｄenetwｏrｋtodoｔhejoｂyｏuwant.ThismeansthatyｏumaybeaccessingacomｐuterＩnJapａntosolveaproblｅｍinAｌasｋa.5Ｔhe“grｉd”canbｅcomｐaredtｏhａvinganeffiｃiｅntpeｒsｏnalaｓｓｉｓtａnt.Yｏucａｎgiveyourassiｓtaｎtataｓkaｎd“he”wiｌｌdｏｉtｆｏryｏｕ.Tｈeａｓsisｔantwiｌldｏtｈｅｐreliｍiｎａryresｅarch,colｌectthedａｔa,coｍparetｈemanddeｃideonｔheｂestcourseofactｉｏnbｙaccｅssｉｎｇanyofｔhecomputercenｔresｉｎthｅ“grid”tｈａt(yī)happentohａvetherelｅvantinｆorｍatioｎ.Ａlｌyｏuｈavｅtｏdｏｉsassignｔhｅtａsｋ，sitbａckanｄwａit.6

Atpreseｎt,poｓsibｌｅaｐｐliｃａt(yī)ionsofthe“ｇｒid”iｎsciｅntificresearchａｒｅｂeing

eｘplored．WhileithasｔａkenaboutfｉfｔeｅnyearsｆｏｒＩnternetｕsｅtoｂecomewｉdeｓpread，expｅrtsbｅlｉｅｖethatｔhｅ“ｇrｉd”ｃouldbｅupａnｄruｎnｉｎgfｏrpｒivateｉｎdｉｖidｕalsｆaｒmｏrｅquickｌｙ.Ｓcientistswｏｒkingoｎ“gｒid”pｒoｊecｔｓaｒeconvｉncｅdｔhatiｔwｉｌlbｅａsｗiｄｅlｙuｓedasthewebiｎtheneｘtteｎyearｓ.23Pａｒagｒaph２_______＿_(dá)24Parａgｒaph3__＿＿_(dá)____25Pａｒａgｒapｈ４_____＿_(dá)__2６Paragｒａph5______＿_(dá)_

２7Ｔraｄitionallytｈepoweｒofyourcomputｅrdeｔerｍｉneｓhｏwfastyｏucanaccess__________.?2８Ｔhe“grid’’willenａbleyoｕtogetonyouｒcomputerｔhｅpowｅrof＿_(dá)___＿＿_(dá)_iｎthewｏrld．?29The“grid”ｗｏuｌdbeｌikｅ＿＿＿_(dá)_____＿,ｗｈocａnperfｏrｍyourtaｓｋｓeffｉcientｌｙ.?3０Itisbｅｌieｖｅｄｔhaｔthｅwideｓpｒeaｄuseofｔhe“grid’’wiｌlbｅcomepossiｂleiｎtheｎeｘt__＿_(dá)____．第4部分：閱讀理解（第３１-4５題,每題3分，共45分)

下面有３篇短文,每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,為每題擬定１個最佳選項。

第一篇CenｔｅrsｏftｈeＧｒｅａt(yī)EｕｒopeanCities

Tｈecentersofthegreａt(yī)citiesofEuropearemeetinｇplacesbyｔraditionpeoplegaｔｈertheretodｒinkcoｆfeeａndｃhatlａt(yī)eiｎtotｈｅnight.Ａmixturｅoflocalsandtourｉstｓｍakｅfor’anexｃｉtｉng，metroｐoｌitaｎatmｏsphｅre．

Sｑuareｓ，plazas（廣場)andａrｃades(拱廊)ｆormtheheartofEurope’scitｉes

VeniceinIｔａlｙhａstheＰiazzaＳanMarco—aｂeautiｆｕｌｓquareｓurｒoundeｄbysｎ０Ps，churｃheｓ，restaurantｓaｎdcafｅｓ．ＩnＢaｒcelona，Spain,ＬaＢosqｕeriaisaｌｉvelｙmarketｗiｔhhunｄｒedｓofｓtａlｌssｅｌlingallkindsofgoods．Lｏｎｄｏn’sCoｖeｎtGardeｎＩＳfilledwｉthfrｕitandveｇetablｅstalｌsbydayａndmusicians，ａcrobats(雜技演員）aｎdaｒtistsbｙnigｈt.Tｈｅｇｏｖeｒnmentbuildingｓatｔhｅcenｔerofmａｎycｉｔiｅsoftenａrｅarｃhｉtectｕrａllyｉｍpｒｅssive?IｎLondon,theserveaｓabｅａｕtifulｂａckdｒｏp（背景)ｔｏthｅcoffｅetablｅsthａt(yī)lｉｎｅtｈesｔreｅtsaｎdthebaｎkｓofｔheＴhames．..

Ｔhｅsｅvibrant（有活力的）ｈeａrｔｓaretｈｅproduｃtofcentｕrｉesｏｆevolutｉｏn,socialhｉｓtoｒiaｎJoｅlGａｒreａutoldUSNewｓanｄＷo(hù)rldRｅporｔｒecentlｙ．“ＴhｅreasonpeoｐleｔhinｋＶeniceisｓogｒeattｏdａyisyoudｏn’ｔseeａlltheｍisｔakｅs，”ｓaiｄＧarｒeau”lhoｓehａｖeallbeenremovｅd.”MostEuropｅａnｃｉtieswerelａidoutｂeforetheinventioｎoｆｔhecａr,sobars，restaurantsandcaf6ｓｗereneartｏpeopｌeｈomesTodaｙthefocusｏｆｍanyEurｏpeaｎs，ｌiｆehaｓｍｏveｄawayfroｍtｈeceｎtｅrｓ.ＴｈeyｌiveinthesｕbｕrbsａndOutskｉrｔs.drivingtoｓupｅrmarketstoｇettｈeirｓｕｐplieｓ.Ｂutonacontinentwheｒｅｐeopｌeｔｒeaｓurｅconvenｔiｏn，therearesｔｉllthosｅwhoholdonｔotｒaditionalways，lingandｓhoppingｌoｃally.Tｈeｓeｐｅoｐle，togeｔheｒｗiｔhtouｒiｓts,providｅthｅcityceｎtersｗitｈtheｉｒｒeａsonｆoreｘiｓtｅnce.

ＣoffeecultｕrｅplａysapartiｎkeepiｎgtｈｅsecitycentersflourｉｓhingthisｉｓｐartiｃulａrlytrueｏｆＰaｒisｗhｏseciｔizｅnｓａｒｅｆamousｅnthｕsiａsticｃonｖｅrsatioｎａlisｔｓ.thiｓ‘ssｋillisdｅｖelopｅdoｖｅrmanyｈoursspeｎtcｈatｔingｏｖｅrespｒessoｓ(濃咖啡）ａｎdcigarettes．

Religioｎalsoｐlaｙsａｒoleiｎdevelopingsoｃｉaｂleａt(yī)mｏsphｅre．PｅｏｐleｉnＲomａｎCaｔhｏlicｃｏuntriｅsｕseｄtovisiｔtheChｕrｃhｏnanalmostdaｉlybasｉｓ.Enｔｉrecommuniｔieｓｗｏuｌdgatherintｈesａmｅｂuildingandｔｈeｎmovｅoutｔoｔhemarkets,cafesandbａｒsIｎｔhesurroundingｓｔreets．Anｅｎｏrmｏusｅｘａmｐｌｅofｔhisｒeｌａt(yī)ｉｏｎsｈｉpbetwｅeｎchurchaｎdsociｅtyistheDuomo.TheｈugemaｒblecathedrａlinFlorｅnce，Itaｌyｉsｓurｒounｄｅdbybａｋeriesandｃoffeｅｓhｏpｓ,ａndcatersnotonlytothetourｉｓtｃrowds,ｂutａｌsotｈeloｃａlcｏmmunitｙ3１．ItcａｎbeｉnferredｆromｔｈeｆｉrsｔpａｒagｒaｐhthateachbiｇciｔyinEuropｅ?

A.hasmanylargesｑｕａｒｅｓ.?

B.hasmanyvｅrymagnifｉceｎtsky-scｒapｅrs.

C.hasacｅｎtｅrwherｅｔouriｓtsmeettheirsｐｏuseｓ.?

D．ｄrａwstｏuriｓｔｓｉnlａrgeｎuｍbｅrsevｅrｙｙear．

32.Whiｃhstａt(yī)emｅnｔisＮOTtｒueoｆＣovｅntＧarden??

A．Iｔiscｒｏｗｄeｄwiｔhpeoplｅ.?

B．ItisｌocatedinLonｄoｎ．?

Ｃ.Itiｓｓｕrrouｎｄｅｄbyｓhｏps,churcｈｅｓ,reｓtａｕrantsandcaｆeｓ?

D.Itｉｓfｉlledｗithstａlls.

33.WhydopeoplethｉnkｔhatVｅniｃｅｉssｏｇreaｔ??

A．Becａuseitisａfamoｕstｏuristattractioｎ.

B.Bｅcauｓｅyoucａnreachａnywherebyboat.?

C．Beｃａｕseallthｅmistakｅshaｖｅbeeｎremoｖｅd．?

Ｄ.Becaｕseitｉswell-knownforiｔsmｅrchants.?３４．WhatａreＰaｒisiaｎsfａmousｆor？

A.Ｔhｅirｅnthｕsiａsｍｆｏrcｏnｖersation.

B.Theｉrｐurｓuitofindepｅｎdｅnce．?

Ｃ.Theiｒaｂilitytokeeｐthｅcityfｌoｕｒishing.?

D.Theiｒdevｏｔiontoｄｅvｅlopｉnｇamｕltｉplecuｌture.

3５.ThｅwritercitｅｓtheDuoｍoｉｎｔhｅｌaｓtparagraｐhａｓanexampletoiｌlustrateｔhat?

A.allｃｈｕrｃhesａｒemａgnificenｔ.?

B.tｈｅreisaｔigｈtｌinkbetweenchurcｈandsoｃiｅty.?

C.ｏｌdchurchｅsａｒｅverｙｐopｕｌａｒ.

D.hｉgh-risｅcｈurcheｓarｅimprｅssivｅ.第二篇

Real-WorｌdRｏbots

WheｎｙouthｉnkOｆａｒobot，doyouｉｍagineashiny,meｔallicdｅviｃｅｈaviｎgthesaｍegeｎeralshapｅasahumanbeinｇ，peｒforｍｉnｇhｕｍａnｌｉkefｕｎｃtiｏns，aｎdrespoｎdingtoyoｕrquestionsinamonｏｔoｎe(單調(diào)的)voiceaccｅntuated(強(qiáng)調(diào))bｙhigh-pｉtchｅdtonesandbeepsThisiｓthewaymaｎｙofUSimａgｉnearｏｂoｔ,bｕtintherealｗoｒldaｒoboｔisnｏthumanｏidatall．inｓtead,aｒｏbｏｔofｔｅnisavｏicelｅss,box－shapeｄmacｈｉnｅthａt(yī)eｆfiｃiｅntlycarrｉesOutrepetitiveordanｇerousfunctioｎsusｕａｌｌypｅrformｅｄｂyhumａnｓ.Today"sｒoboｔismorｅtｈananautｏmatｉcｍａchiｎeｔhatｐｅrforｍsonetaｓkaｇaｉnandａgaiｎ.Amodeｒnroｂｏｔisｐroｇraｍmeｄwｉtｈvarｙinｇdｅgreesoｆartificiaｌｉntｅlｌigeｎce,ｔhatis,aｒoboｔcontaiｎsａcomｐuterｐrｏgramthattellsithowtopeｒfoｒｍtａｓksassociaｔedwｉthhｕmanｉntelligencｅ,suｃｈasreaｓoniｎg，drawingcoｎcluｓｉoｎｓ,aｎｄlｅaｒninｇfrｏmpasｔ

Arobotｄoesnotｐossessahuｍanshapefoｒtｈesimplｅreasoｎtｈatatwo-ｌｅggedrｏｂｏｔｈasgrｅａｔdiｆficuｌtｙremainingｂalancｅd.Ａｒobｏtdoｅs,ｈｏwever，movｅｆrｏmplacｅtoplａceonwｈeelsandaxlｅｓ（輪軸)thatrolｌandｒotate.Aroboｔevｅｎｈａｓlimbｓthatturnｒoundａndmoｖeiｎcoｍｂinａｔionwithｊoinｔｓａndmoｔｏrｓ．Toｆindｉtsｗaｙｉｎitssurroundingｓ,arｏboｔutilizesｖariousbuｉlt－ｉnｓｅnｓors.Antennａｅaｔtachedｔothｅroboｔ＇sｂaseｄetｅctanyｔhingtｈeyｂumpiｎtｏ.Ifｔheｒobotsｔarｔstoshakeａsitmovesonaｎiｎcliｎｅ,agｙrｏｓcｏpe(陀螺儀)insiｄｅitsensesｔhｅveｒticａldifｆerｅnｔｉａl．TOdetermineItsdｉstaｎcｅfromanobjectandｈｏｗquickｌyitwilｌreachｔheｏbjecｔ，theroｂotbouｎcesbｅamｓoｆlaｓer.lightanduｌtrａsｏnicsｏundwａveｓofｆobsｔructiｏns（障礙物)initsｐａt(yī)h?Thｅseandotherｓｅnsorsconstaｎtlｙfeedinｆｏrmａt(yī)ｉonｔoｔhecoｍｐutｅr，wｈiｃhthenanaｌyzesthｅiｎfoｒmationanｄcorｒeｃｔｓoｒadjｕｓtstherｏboｔ’sactioｎs.Assciｅncｅanｄtechnolｏgｙaｄｖancｅ

tｈeｒoｂottoowｉllpｒogreｓsiniｔsfunｃｔionsanｄusｅofartｉfｉciaｌiｎtｅlligenceproｇramｓ,36Thewriterｂeginsｔｈeｐasｓagｅbｙｃomparｉnｇ?

A

ａｒｅal-lifｅrobotwiｔhａfictionaｌｒｏｂot.?

B

ｔｈeｓｈａpeoｆaｈumanｂｅingwitｈabox．

C

aｎimaｇinarｙmachiｎewｉthahumaｎ.?

D

ａrｏbotwithacｏmpｕｔerｐrogram.

３7Thｅword“humanｏid”inPａｒａgraｐh1meanｓ?

Ａ

laｃｋｉnghumａnfeeｌinｇｓ.?

B

lackiｎｇhumanｃｈarａｃteriｓtｉcs.?

C

ｈａｖinｇａhｕmanforｍａnｄcharａctｅrisｔics

Ｄ

lａckiｎｇhｕmanintelligｅｎce．

3８Ａccｏｒｄiｎｇｔotheｆiｒstpａrａgraph，artificiａlintｅlligeｎcｅiｓ

Ａ

theuｎnaturaｌwａｙiｎｗhicｈrobｏtｓmｏｖe．

B

ａvoｉceless，box—shapedmachinetｈatperｆoｒmsrepｅtitivｅｔasks?

C

acomputeｒpｒogrａｍthatｉｍitateshumaninｔellecｔualｐrocesseｓ

D

asenｓｏrthatdｅtectsｔroubleｓinaroboｔ．

39Thelａstparaｇraphｓuｇgestｓｔｈatｆuturｅroｂoｔswill?

Ａ

sｕrpasｓhumａnbeｉｎｇｓiｎiｎtelliｇencｅ．

B

ｂemorehumanlikｅiｎbehａviｏrａndaｃtioｎ.?

C

usealasｅrtoｔranｓmitinfoｒmａt(yī)iｏn.?

D

willｐeｒformveryｃomplicａt(yī)edhousehoｌdjobs．

40Anoｔhｅrgooｄtitlefｏrthispassageｗoulｄbｅ?

Ａ

Roｂoｔs:TａｋinｇｔhePlaceofHumans．

B

ArｔiｆicialInｔelligencePrograms.

C

Moｄeｒn—ＤaySensｏｒｓ．?

D

Todaｙ’SRｏｂotsａndHｏwＴhｅyFunｃtion第三篇

WhｙHuｍansWａlkoｎTwoLeｇs?

Aｔeamofscｉentiｓtsthａt(yī)ｓｔuｄｉedchimpanzeｅs(黑猩猩)tｒａiｎｅdtoｕｓetreａdmills（跑步機(jī))hasgａｔheredneｗevidｅncesugｇｅｓtingthａt(yī)oｕreaｒlｉeｓtapelikeancesｔorsstartedwａlｋｉnｇontｗoｌegｓbecａuseiｔrequireｄlessｅnergytｈangｅttingａrｏｕndoｎａlｌfours.

Michaeｌsockｏl,researcｈｅrｏfＵＣDavis，workedfｏrtｗoyeaｒstｏｆindananimaｌtrainerｗillinｇtoｃoａｘ(勸誘)adultchimｐsｔowalkontwolegsaｎdｔowalｋonallfoｕrs.

Theｆivｅchiｍpｓａlsｏwoｒefacｅmaskｓusedtｏｈeｌpthereseａｒcherｓmeａsureoxｙgencｏnsumｐtioｎ.Wｈｉlｅtheｃｈｉmpswｏrkedout,thescｉenｔｉstsｃｏｌlectｅddataｔhatallowｅdｔheｍｔoｃａｌculatewhｉchmethodｏfloｃｏmotｉｏn(移動）usedleｓsenergyandwhy．Theteamgatherｅdthesaｍeiｎforｍaｔioｎforfourａdulthｕmaｎswaｌkingonａt(yī)ｒｅａｄmill.

Ｔhereseaｒchersfoundthathｕｍａnwaｌkinｇｕｓedaｂｏut７５pｅrcenｔlesseｎｅｒgyａndburｎed75ｐｅrcｅntfｅwerｃalorｉesｔhａnquadrupｅdalandｂipeｄalｗalkingｉｎｃhimpａnzees．Theｙalsofｏｕndｔhatforsomebuｔnoｔalｌoftｈｅchiｍps,walkｉnｇontwolegsｗasnｏmoｒecostlytｈaｎoｎａllfours．

"Wewｅrｅpreｐaredｔofindthａt(yī)aｌloｆｔhｅｃｈimｐsusedｍoreenerｇywａlkingontwｏｌegs－bｕtｔhatfindiｎg

wｏulｄn'thａvｅｂｅenａｓinｔｅresｔiｎｇ,Sockolsaｉd.＂ｗhａt(yī)wefoｕnｄwasmｕｃhmｏreｔeｌｌing.Fｏｒthrｅechimpｓ，ｂiｐedalisｍｗasmｏｒeｅxpensive,bｕtfｏｒｔhｅotｈerｔwoｃhimpｓ,thｉｓwasn＇ttheｃase.ＯnespentaboｕｔthｅｓａmｅenｅrｇywalkingｏｎtwolｅgsasｏｎallfoｕrｓTheothｅｒusedleｓsenergywａｌｋｉｎｇupriｇhｔ。"Thesetｗｏｃhimｐsｈadｄiffeｒeｎｔgａiｔs（步法）andanatoｍｙ(解剖）than＇theiｒquadrｕｐeｄaｌpeers．

Takentｏgeｔher，ｔｈefiｎdingｓprｏvｉdｅｓｕpporｔｆortheｈyｐothesistｈaｔanａｔomicaｌ(解剖學(xué)的)differeｎｃesaffectinｇgaｉtexiｓteｄａｍonｇoureａrliestaｐｅlikeancestors,ａnｄthatｔhesedifferenｃespｒovｉdｅdthegｅneticvarｉatioｎｗhｉchｎaｔuraｌsｅleｃtiｏncｏuｌdacｔonwhenchangｅｓｉnｔｈeenｖiroｎｍentｇａvebipeｄｓanadvantagｅoｖerｑuaｄrupeds．

Fｏssilandmｏleｃｕlaｒevidencesｕggeｓtｓtheearliestancestorsoｆtheｈuｍａnfamily

lｉvedinforｅｓｔedａreasiｎequatoriaｌAfricainthelateMioｃｅneera(中世紀(jì)）some8to10

miｌliｏnyeａrsaｇo，wｈenchangesinclｉｍatｅmayhaveｉncrｅａsｅｄtheｄistanceｂetｗｅenfｏｏdpatｃhｅｓ～Thatwouldhaveforcedouｒｅaｒlｉｅstancestｏｒstoｔｒａvｅllongerdistancesonｔhegroｕndaｎdfaｖｏrｅｄthoｓｅwhocouldcoverｍoｒegrounｄuｓingｌeｓsｅnｅrｇy.

＂Tｈisisn'ｔthecomｐｌetｅanswｅｒ,"Soｃkolsaid."Bｕtit＇sagoodｐieｃeｏfaｐuzzｌe

huｍanshavealwａyswoｎderedabout:Hoｗandwhydiｄwebｅcoｍeｈumａn?Aｎdwhydowealoｎeｗaｌkｏｎtwolｅgｓ?"4１.MichaeｌSｏckolandhｉｓｔeamwereｉnteｒｅstedｉn

Ａ.wherehｕmanscamｅfｒom.

Ｂ.hｏｗｃhiｍｐaｎzeescouｌdbeｔraineｄtousetreadmｉlls．

Ｃ.whenｏｕrearliｅsｔａncestorｓｂｅgantolivｅinforestedａreas?

D．whyourapelikeanceｓtoｒscａmetｏwalｋｏntｗolｅｇs．

４2.Ｔheｐｈrａｓe"wｏrｋｅｄｏut'inｐaragrａｐｈ3couldbeｒｅpｌacedby

A.caｌcuｌatｅd.

B．exｅｒciseｄ.

Ｃ.undersｔoｏd.

D.plaｎnｅｄ.

43.Ｗhaｔdidthereｓeａrcheｒsfindinｔheｅxperimeｎt??

A．Oｎechｉmpuｓｅｄabouttｈｅsamｅenergｙｉnwalkingoｎtｗolegsasonalｌfours?

B.Humanwａlｋingusｅdmｏrｅeｎeｒgythanbipedａlwaｌkinｇinchiｍｐｓ．?

C.Tｗoｃｈimpsｕsedｍｏrｅｅｎergywａｌkｉngonｔｗolegs．?

D.Tｈｒｅeｃｈimpｓｕｓｅdｌeｓsenergｙwａlkinｇoｎtwolegs.?44.Tｈｅworｄ"quadrｕpeds＂inpａrａgraｐｈ6ｉｓatｅcｈnｉcalwoｒdfｏr

A.creａt(yī)ureｓwｉthｆourfｅｅｔ．

B.ｃreatureswithtｗofeeｔ．

Ｃ．cｒeaｔｕreswiｔhsixｆeeｔ.

D．creaｔｕreｓwｉｔheightfeeｔ.

45．Whatdoesｆossｉｌaｎdmolecｕｌareｖidencｅｔellusabｏutouｒeａrliestanｃestors？

Ａ.Ｔheｙeｘperiｅncｅdｍｏreclｉmａt(yī)echaｎgesthaｎwedoｔｏday.?

B.Theyweｒefｏrcｅdｔｏtraveｌbeｔｗｅenfoｏdpaｔchｅs.?

C.Ｔheｙcｏuｌdｃoverｍｏregrouｎdｗｉthleｓｓenｅrgy.

D.Tｈｅywｅｒeｍuchtaｌleｒｔhanmｏdeｒnmaｎ．第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文(第４6~50題,每題２分,共１0分)

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中５個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。Ｗhａt(yī),SLackｉｎgｉn“Sicｋo”?

ｗheｎ.tcomｅstoｅconoｍicdeｃｉｓions，therearｅａｌｗａyｓｔraｄe．ofｆs(取舍)?Gain0nｅthingａｎdｙoulosesｏmｅthiｎgelsｅ.__＿＿_(dá)__＿＿(4６)

ＴheceｎtraｌargｕmｅntoｆMichaelMooｒe’smovie“Sicko”一tｈaｔthecuret0ｔｈenatｉｏn,shealtｈcａｒeproblｅmsｉsａsinｇlｅ—payｅrsystem—ｉsｈａrdlynoｖelａndIscｅrｔainlyworｔhconｓideration，wｈetheroｒnotｙouagrｅewiｔhit.BｕtinｃoｍparingｔheＡmericanｓysｔemwithsingｌｅ-pａｙerplaｎsｏfotｈeｒｃountｒiｅs—Ｂritain,Franｃｅ,CａｎadaａｎdCubaMr．MoｏｒeleftＯutthｅtraｄe-ｏｆfs，ｃｈaｒacteｒiｚiｎgtｈoseｃｏuntriｅsashｅalthcareｐaraｄisｅｓ.

____＿_(dá)___＿_(dá)(4７)

KuｒｔＬoder，theｆilmcriｔicwhｏｉｓbesｔｋnownasthｅancｈor(主持人)ｏｆ“MTＶNewｓ，”wrｏlｅacritique(批評)oｆthefｉｌｍfｏrMTV’swｅbｓitｅ．"Sicｋo,"ｈｅｓaｉd,"doesareａlservｉｃe”iｎｐortraｙiｎg（描繪)vicｔｉmsoｆＡmｅricaｎinｓｕrａncecｏmpａnies’-ｌｉkｅｔｈepｅople,whodｉedbｅcauｓeｔheｉronlｙtｒeａt(yī)mentoptionsｗerｅｃonsｉdered“ｅxperｉｍｅntal"ａnｄthereｆorenｏｔcｏveｒed._＿_(dá)____(４8)

Ｗheｎ"governｍentsａt(yī)temｐｔtoｒegｕlatｅthebａlaｎcｅｂetweenａliｍitedｓupｐlyofhealｔhｃａｒｅａnｄaｎunlimiteddemanｄｆoｒit，ｔｈｅy’reinevitablｙｆorceｄtorａt(yī)iｏnｔｒｅatmeｎt’

Mr.Lodeｒａssｅrted.＿＿＿_(dá)＿_(dá)__(４９)Mr．Lｏderｃiｔeｄtheshｏｒtfilm“ＤｅadＭｅat,”whicｈpresentsanｅｃdoｔes(軼事)offailureＩntheCａｎａdiansinｇle-ｐayersｙstemｉnitsｏne—sｉｄedｎｅss,“ＤｅadMeat'，mighthavｅｍadefｏrａnｉｃｅdoubｌｅfeａt(yī)urewitｈ"Siｃｋo，"aｎdleftｍｏviｅ－ｇoersｗithamorecompleteｕnｄerｓtandinｇOｆtｈecomｐlicaｔｉoｎsｏfdecidｉngｏnahealthcaresyｓtem_________＿_(dá)_＿(５0)

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blogｇer.(博各作者）.Ａ

Thｉsispａrｔicｕｌaｒlytrueｉnｈeaｌtｈｃａre，amａrkeｔｉnwhiｃhscarce（稀罕的)gooｄsarerｉdiculｏｕｓｌyexpensive,bｕtneededbyeｖｅrybｏｄyB

Ｍr.Moｏrealsodecidedtｏigｎｏreｐrｏｂｌｅｍsｉｎothercoｕntries，lｉkeFrance’ＳhightaxesａndＢｒｉtaｉn’Sｃaｓh—sｈortｈoｓpitaｌsC

Butthefiｌmasawhole,hｅcoｎcｌuｄｅd,iｓ“breａt(yī)htａkｉnglymerｅtrｉｃious（似是而非的),”inｌａrｇepａrtbecａuｓeｏfitschａraｃｔｅrizatioｎｓofotｈercouｎtｒieｓ’healthcarｅsysｔems.ＤTｈｅｐroblemshａｖebeennoticｅd—andcriticismiscomingnotjustfｒomMｒ.Mｏｏre’Ｓdeｔracｔors（詆毀者）．Ｅ

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Heaｌthｃareisthｅpreveｎtiｏn，tｒeaｔment，ａndmanａｇementofｉllness第6部分:完型填空(第５１~65題,每題1分,共１5分)下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白擬定1個最佳選項。DebateoveｒtｈeUseofRenewableEneｒｇy

ＡmusaｂlｅoｆＲockｅfelleｒUnｉversityｉnNewYorｋ,USsaysthｅｋeyrenewable(可再生的)energyｓｏuｒｃｅs,ｉnｃｌｕdiｎgsun，ｗindandbibfuls,wouｌdallrequiｒevａstamouｎtｓｏfland．fdeｖelopeduptｏlａrｇescaleproducｔion—unlikenucｌｅａrpowｅr．Thaｔlanｄwoulｄbｅfarbetter_＿_(dá)＿＿_(dá)＿_(dá)(５1)alone，hesaｙs.Renewableloｏk_______（52）whenｔhｅyarequiteｓｍalｌ.Ｂｕｔifwestartprodｕcｉｎgrenewablｅｅｎergyoｎalａrgｅ_______＿(53)，tｈｅfaｌloｕt(結(jié)果)isgｏiｎgtobehorriblｅ.Amusablｅdｒawshiscｏnclｕｓionsbyaｎalyzinｇｔｈeamｏuntofｅnｅｒｇｙthａt(yī)rｅnewableｎaｔｕrａlgasandnuｃlｅi(原子核)caｎ_____＿_(dá)_(５４）ｉnｔermsofpoweｒperｓqｕarｅｍetｅrｏfｌanｄuｓed.Moreover,heclaｉmsthａt(yī)___＿＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)（55)renｅwabｌeenerｇyｕｓeiｎcreasesthｉｓmeａsureoｆeffic