2022-2023學年河南省信陽市普通高中高一上學期期中檢測英語試題

2022—2023學年普通高中高一(上)期中教學質量檢測英語試題注意事項：1.答題前,考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在本試卷相應的位置。2.全部答案在答題卡上完成,答在本試卷上無效。3.考試結束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teammates.B.Classmates.C.Neighbors.2.Howdidthewomangettoschooltoday?A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.Bybike.3.Whatwillthespeakershaveforlunch?A.Asalad.B.Somehamburgers.C.Fishandchips4.Whatwillthespeakersbedoingat8:00?A.Sceingthefilm.B.Havingsomecoffee.C.Eatingpizza.5.Whatdoesthewomandislikeaboutthebag?A.Itscolor.B.Itssize.C.Itspattern.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘；聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間,每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Whathappenedtotheman?A.Helosthisphone.B.Hefailedhistest.C.Hemissedthebus.7.Whatwillthemandotonight?A.AttendapartyB.Dohishomework.C.Prepareforatest.請聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。8WhatdidthemanthinkofAlan'sfirstsuggestion?A.Interesting.B.Difficult.C.Dangerous.9.Howwillthemanspendhisholiday?ABygoingcamping.B.Bygoinghiking.C.Bygoingrockclimbing.請聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Whenisthebasketballpractice?A.OnOctober5th.B.OnOctober12th.C.OnOctober19th.11.Whereshouldthemangofirst?A.TheMoonSquare.B.Theschoolsportscenter.C.Theuniversitysportsfield.12.Howlongwillthecoachgiveatalk?A.Forabout10minutes.B.Forabout20minutes.C.Forabout30minutes.請聽第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.Whenistheswimmingpoolunavailable?A.OnTuesdaymornings.B.OnWednesdayafternoons.C.OnThursdayafternoons.14.Whenwillthe“Waterballet”finish?A.At10am.B.At11am.C.At3pm.15.WhatclassesarerunningonMondaymornings?A.Yoga.B.Cycling.C.Running.16.Howmuchshouldthewomanpayforthefirstmonth?A.$70.B.$100.C.S120.請聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.WhenisthefirstmeetingoftheGardenClubthisyear?A.OnMonday.B.OnFriday.C.OnWednesday,18.What'stheaimoftheGardenClub?A.Toteachstudentstogrowfood.B.Toencouragehealthyfoodchioices.C.Togrowfoodfortheschool.19.Whatwillbeservedatthefirstmeeting?A.Potatoes.B.Carrots.C.Tomatoes.20.Whatdoweknowaboutfirst-yearstudents?A.Theycanonlyworkintheschoolgarden.B.Theyarenotallowedtojointheclub.C.Theywillbuildacommunitygarden.第二部分閱讀理解(共20小題,每小題2.5分,滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題,每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列材料,從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項,并在答題紙上將該選項標號涂黑。ASCANDINAVIANSTARTUPSKahoot!Thegame-basedlearningplatformisusedinhalfofUSschools,offeringsome60millioncompetitions.Theideaistomakelearning“greatandfun,”says,thecompany’sCEO.Lastyear,Kahoot!hadmorethanonebillionplayersworldwide.Founded:2013XPLORAXPLORAfounderStenKirkbaknearlylosthissonFilip,atashoppingcentrenineyearsago,sohebuiltadevicethatmakesitpossibleforparentstoknowwheretheirchildrenareatalltimes.Itisabitlikeaspeakerphonewithacamera,butforoldpeopleitalsotellsthewearerwhentotakemedicines.Founded:2016reMarkableAblack-and-whitee-paperdevicemadefornotetaking,userswriteonthereMarkable,andtextrecognitionsoftwarechangesitintotype.“Weneitherhavemanymeetings,nordomuchtalking,”saysfounderMagnusWanberg.Founded:2016NoIsolationThisstartup,foundedbyKarenDolva,MariusAabel,andMatiasDoyle,hopestohelpsociallyisolated(孤立的)people—itsfirstproductwasasmallrobotcalledAVl,whichactsastheeyesandvoiceofachildforcedtostayathomeorinhospital.Morethan850AVlsareinusein13countries;160atover100UKschools.NoIsolation’slatestdeviceisKOMP.Madeforoldpeople,itenablessimplevideocallsandmessaging.Founded:20161.Whichofthefollowingstartupsconnectslearningwithgames?A.NoIsolation. B.reMarkable. C.XPLORA. D.Kahoot!2.WhatgaveStenKirkbaktheideaforhisdevice?A.Theexperienceofnearlylosinghisson. B.Thegrowingnumberoflonelykids.C.Theneedtokeeptheoldsafe. D.Thespecialneedsoftheold.3.WhatcanweknowaboutNoIsolation?A.Itwasfoundedearlierthantheotherthree. B.Itwasstartedbymorethanoneperson.C.Itprovidesservicesforteensonly. D.ItismainlyusedintheUK.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章介紹了四個斯堪的納維亞的創(chuàng)業(yè)公司?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由Kahoot!部分中“Thegame-basedlearningplatformisusedinhalfofUSschools,offeringsome60millioncompetitions.(這個基于游戲的學習平臺被美國一半的學校使用，提供了大約6000萬場比賽)”可知，Kahoot!是一家以游戲為基礎的學習平臺。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由XPLORA部分中“XPLORAfounderStenKirkbaknearlylosthissonFilip,atashoppingcentrenineyearsago,sohebuiltadevicethatmakesitpossibleforparentstoknowwheretheirchildrenareatalltimes.(XPLORA的創(chuàng)始人StenKirkbak九年前在一個購物中心差點失去了他的兒子Filip，所以他發(fā)明了一種設備，可以讓父母隨時知道他們的孩子在哪里)”可知，兒子差點走失的經歷使得StenKirkbak萌生了設計一款讓父母知道孩子所在地設備的想法。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由NoIsolation部分中“Thisstartup,foundedbyKarenDolva,MariusAabel,andMatiasDoyle,hopestohelpsociallyisolatedpeople(這家初創(chuàng)公司由KarenDolva、MariusAabel和MatiasDoyle創(chuàng)立，希望幫助社會孤立的人)”可知，NoIsolation是由KarenDolva，MariusAabel和MatiasDoyle共同創(chuàng)立的一家公司。故選B。BMichaelMorganwassixyearsoldwhenhisfathermovedaneighbor’sunwantedpianointotheirlivingroom.“Andthat’sreallywherethewholethingstarted,”hesays.“Mymotherandgrandmotherhadplayedthepianoalittlebit,butmyfatherjustthoughtitwasagoodthingtohaveinthehouse.”YoungMichaelstartedpianolessons,butitwaswhenhesawaconductor(指揮)leadinganorchestraontelevisionthatherealizedwhathereallywantedtodo.Atageeight,hebeganreadingTheJoyofMusicbyconductorandcomposer(作曲家)LeonardBernsteinandgottoknowhowtodirectwithabaton(指揮棒).WhenMichaelenteredjuniorhigh,hejoinedanorchestraandbandandlearnedtoplaymanyinstruments.Hewasjust12yearsoldwhenhisinstructoraskedhimtocomposeandconductaconcertpiece.Andthatwasonlythebeginning.Throughouthighschool,hecontinuedtodevelophisartistictalent,andaftergraduating,heheadedtoOberlinConservatoryofMusic.Morganisdedicated(致力于)toofferingkidsachancetoexploreclassicalmusic.InhishometownofOakland,California,hestartedtovolunteerinlocalschools,conductingstudentorchestrasandtalkingwithkidsaboutmusic.Later,MorgandevelopedMUSE(MusicforExcellence),amusiceducationprogramforkids.HebringsmusiciansfromOaklandSymphonyintoclassroomstoteachkids.Healsoworkswithteachersinafter-schoolprogramstoteachstudentswhocan’taffordlessons.Morgansayshisworkismostlyaboutprovidingyoungpeoplewithanentranceintomusic.“Instrumentsareawayforkidstoexpresstheirfeelings,andgivethemaninteresttheycancarrywiththemthroughlife,”hesays.4.WhydidMichael’sfathermoveapianointotheirhouse?A.Itwasagiftfromtheirneighbor. B.Itwashismotherandwife’sfavorite.C.Hejustwantedtohaveoneinthehouse. D.HewantedtogiveMichaelpianolessons.5.WhendidMichaelbegintolearnhowtoconduct?A.AfterhedevelopedMUSE.B.AfterhereadTheJoyofMusic.C.Afterhewasaskedtocomposeaconcertpiece.D.AfterhestudiedatOberlinConservatoryofMusic.6.WhatcankidsdobyattendingMUSE?A.Getthechanceofenteringcollege. B.Becomeworld-classmusicians.C.Receivemusiceducation. D.JoinOaklandSymphony.7.Howisthetextmainlydeveloped?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Byexpressingopinions.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Byfollowingtimeorder.【答案】4.C5.B6.C7.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了MichaelMorgan的音樂成長之路以及成名之后為家鄉(xiāng)的孩子學習音樂所做的公益事業(yè)。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“myfatherjustthoughtitwasagoodthingtohaveinthehouse(我父親只是覺得家里有鋼琴是件好事)”可知，邁克爾的父親把一架鋼琴搬進他們的房子是因為他只是想家里有一個。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Atageeight,hebeganreadingTheJoyofMusicbyconductorandcomposer(作曲家)LeonardBernsteinandgottoknowhowtodirectwithabaton(指揮棒).(8歲時，他開始閱讀指揮家兼作曲家倫納德·伯恩斯坦的《音樂的樂趣》，并學會了如何用指揮棒指揮)”可知，自從8歲讀了《TheJoyofMusic》以后Michael學會了如何用指揮棒指揮。故選B。【6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“HebringsmusiciansfromOaklandSymphonyintoclassroomstoteachkids.Healsoworkswithteachersinafter-schoolprogramstoteachstudentswhocan’taffordlessons.(他把奧克蘭交響樂團的音樂家?guī)У浇淌依锝毯⒆觽儭Ｋ€在課后項目中與老師合作，教那些上不起課的學生)”可知，孩子們參加MUSE可以接受音樂教育。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“MichaelMorganwassixyearsoldwhen...(當……的時候，MichaelMorgan六歲)”，第二段的“Atageeight(在八歲時)”，第三段的“WhenMichaelenteredjuniorhigh(當邁克爾進入初中時)”可知，本文按照時間順序講述了Michael的音樂成長之路以及成名之后為家鄉(xiāng)的孩子學習音樂所做的公益事業(yè)。故選D。CTakeyourdogforameal.Atmorerestaurantsincludingsomeofthemostfashionableones,diningwithanimalsisnowpartoftheevening’smenu.WhenlocalsinKeyWest,goouttodinner,apopularplaceisanopen-airrestaurant.Onenteringtherestaurant,they’lllikelyseeacatnexttoasignthatsays“PettheCat,$1.”Fortheownersoftherestaurant,servinghumanguestsalongsidetheirpetsisano-brainer.Sincetheyopenedtherestaurant,they’vehadafriendlyruletowardspets,theonethatallowspetsintotherestaurantinagivenweek.Americansmoreandmoredependonrestaurants(theyeat4.2mealsouteachweek),it’sonlynaturalthatthefamilypetisfinallygettingintotheact.Enter“pet-friendlyrestaurants”intoanInternetsearchengineandmanyrestaurantscomeout.Whydorestaurantscourtpets?“Dogsneversendtheirfoodback,”jokesoneowner.Thetrend(趨勢)doesn’tonlybelongtocommonplaces.Manyhigh-rankrestaurantsalsohavefollowedthetrend.Andtherearesomecooksmakingaspecialefforttotreatthosewithfourlegs.LorieAnn,co-ownerandcookatarestaurantnamedFishWagoninCalif.,specializinginGermanandFrenchfood,servesafreehome-made“doggieburger”andafewdoggie“cookies”tonon-humanguests.Evenasmorerestaurantsseektodrawpetowners,theyarestilltheexception.Mostlocalhealthrulesmakeitclearthatpetsshouldbepreventedfromrestaurantsandsuggestthattheybekeptoutofopen-airareas.Still,manyofficialsdon’tpayattentiontotherulesandallowpetstositoutsidewiththeirowners.Tomakepetownersconvenientwithintherules,somerestaurantsallowpetstositwiththeirownersonlywhentheanimalsare“parked”justoutsidethedesignated(指定的)diningarea.8.Whydoesitbecomepartoftheevening’smenutotakepetsforamealnaturallyinAmerica?A.Manyrestaurantsaimtopleasenon-humanguests.B.Peoplehavemealsoutmoreoftenthaneverbefore.C.Petownerswanttogivetheirpetsbetterthingstoeat.D.Moreandmorerestaurantshavefriendlyrulesforpets.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“court”meaninParagraph5?A.Trytoclean. B.Trytostop. C.Trytoplease. D.Trytointroduce.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Restaurantspleaseownersinordertobringmoredogs.B.Restaurantsgivemorespecialservicetopetsthanhumans.C.Healthrulesdon’thaveanyinfluenceondiningoutwithpets.D.Restaurantstrytobalancebetweentherulesandguests’need.11.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.PetMeals B.PettingCatsinRestaurantsC.PetOwners D.DiningoutwithYourPets【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，文章介紹了隨著美國人外出就餐更加頻繁，許多餐廳為吸引顧客也允許顧客帶寵物就餐?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Americansmoreandmoredependonrestaurants(theyeat4.2mealsouteachweek),it’sonlynaturalthatthefamilypetisfinallygettingintotheact.Enter‘pet-friendlyrestaurants’intoanInternetsearchengineandmanyrestaurantscomeout.(美國人越來越依賴餐館（他們每周在外面吃頓飯），家庭寵物最后也參與其中，這是很自然的。在互聯(lián)網搜索引擎中輸入‘寵物友好餐廳’，就會有很多餐廳出現(xiàn)。)”可知美國人平均每周超過四頓飯在外面吃，所以很自然他們會帶上家里的寵物，由此可知，許多餐廳中與動物共進晚餐已成為晚上菜單的一部分是因為人們外出就餐的次數(shù)比以往任何時候都多。故選B?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“Americansmoreandmoredependonrestaurants(theyeat4.2mealsouteachweek),it’sonlynaturalthatthefamilypetisfinallygettingintotheact.Enter‘pet-friendlyrestaurants’intoanInternetsearchengineandmanyrestaurantscomeout.(美國人越來越依賴餐館（他們每周在外面吃頓飯），家庭寵物最后也參與其中，這是很自然的。在互聯(lián)網搜索引擎中輸入‘寵物友好餐廳’，就會有很多餐廳出現(xiàn)。)”以及第六段“Thetrend(趨勢)doesn’tonlybelongtocommonplaces.Manyhigh-rankrestaurantsalsohavefollowedthetrend.Andtherearesomecooksmakingaspecialefforttotreatthosewithfourlegs.LorieAnn,co-ownerandcookatarestaurantnamedFishWagoninCalif.,specializinginGermanandFrenchfood,servesafreehome-made‘doggieburger’andafewdoggie‘cookies’tonon-humanguests.(這一趨勢不僅適用于普通場所，許多高級餐廳也緊跟了這一趨勢。還有一些廚師做了特別的努力來招待那些四條腿的。加州一家名為FishWagon的餐廳的共同老板兼廚師LorieAnn專門經營德國和法國美食，她為非人類客人免費提供一份自制的‘狗狗漢堡’和幾份狗狗‘餅干’。)”可知，美國人平均每周超過四頓飯在外面吃，所以很自然他們會帶上家里的寵物，餐廳為了吸引顧客采取各種方式來照顧好這些動物，由此可知，“Whydorestaurantscourtpets?”中的court與C選項“Trytoplease(努力去取悅)”意思相近。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Evenasmorerestaurantsseektodrawpetowners,theyarestilltheexception.Mostlocalhealthrulesmakeitclearthatpetsshouldbepreventedfromrestaurantsandsuggestthattheybekeptoutofopen-airareas.Still,manyofficialsdon’tpayattentiontotherulesandallowpetstositoutsidewiththeirowners.(盡管越來越多的餐館試圖吸引寵物主人，但它們仍然是例外。大多數(shù)當?shù)氐慕】狄?guī)定都明確指出，寵物應該被禁止進入餐館，并建議它們不要出現(xiàn)在露天區(qū)域。然而，許多官員并不重視這些規(guī)定，允許寵物和主人一起坐在室外。)”以及最后一段“Tomakepetownersconvenientwithintherules,somerestaurantsallowpetstositwiththeirownersonlywhentheanimalsare“parked”justoutsidethedesignated(指定的)diningarea.(為了在規(guī)定范圍內方便寵物主人，一些餐館只有在寵物“?！痹谥付ㄓ貌蛥^(qū)外時才允許與主人坐在一起。)”可知，一些餐館為了生意，盡量提供方便，例如讓寵物呆在指定區(qū)域等。由此可推斷出餐館努力在規(guī)則和客人需求之間取得平衡。故選D。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Takeyourdogforameal.Atmorerestaurantsincludingsomeofthemostfashionableones,diningwithanimalsisnowpartoftheevening’smenu.(帶你的狗去吃頓飯。在更多的餐廳，包括一些最時尚的餐廳，與動物共餐現(xiàn)在是晚上菜單的一部分。)”以及下文的詳細介紹可知文章主要闡述帶寵物出去吃飯越來越常見，一些餐館為了吸引更多的顧客，也努力去照顧好寵物。D選項“DiningoutwithYourPets(和你的寵物出去吃飯)”能夠概括文章內容，適合作為文章標題。故選D。DSummerjobsforteensareworthsaving.Theseseasonaljobsoffermorethanmoney.Summerjobscanteachimportantlifeskillsandgiveteensreal-worldexperience.“Wedon'tnaturallyknowhowtobegoodemployees(雇員),”saysKathyKristof,whoworksforSideHusl,apart-timeemployment.“Welearnwithpractice.”AccordingtotheNationalAssociationofCollegesandEmployers'JobSurvey2018,while89.4%ofrecentcollegegraduatesconsideredthemselvesashavinggoodworkskills,only42.5%ofsurveyedemployerssharedthatopinion.“Youhave22-year-oldswhomighthaveanexcellentacademic(學業(yè)的)recordbutthey'veneverheldajob,”saysAndrewChallenger,vicepresidentoffirmChallenger.“They'vemissedoutonsomeimportantlifeskills.”Summerjobscanhelphighschoolandcollegestudentsperformbetterintheclassroom,accordingtorecentresearch.Butparentsoftenbelievethatsummerschoolandvolunteerworkwillbemorehelpfulforcollegeapplicationsthanpaidwork.“It'snotreallygoingtomatterwhatyoudo,aslongasyou'redoingsomethingbesidesjustplayingvideogames,”Challengersays.Wheresummerjobscanreallyhelpisinthejobmarketaftergraduation.Thejobsmostteensdohelpthembuild“softskills”thatemployersvalueandthatleadtohigher-payingjobs.Dealingwithcustomersandcoworkershelpsthemwithcommunicationandproblem-solvingskills,forexample.Dealingwithabossgivesthemtheabilitytoacceptandlearnfromcriticism(批評).Thissummer'sjobmarketisexpectedtobeagoodone,Challengersays.Wheretherearefewworkersonhand,therewillbechances.12Whatdoesthe2018surveysuggest?A.Employersvalueworkexperiencemorethanacademicrecords.B.Manycollegegraduatesdon'tmeetemployers'expectations.C.Mostcollegegraduateshaveasatisfyingacademicrecord.D.Employersthinkhighlyoftoday'scollegegraduates.13.Whatdoparentsusuallywanttheirteenstododuringthesummervacation?A.Studyathome. B.Dosummerjobs.C.Dovolunteerwork. D.Helparoundthehouse.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inthelastbutoneparagraphreferto?A.Employers. B.Teenworkers. C.Customers. D.Coworkers.15.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsteensdoingsummerjobs?A.Supportive. B.Doubtful. C.Uncertain. D.Uninterested.【答案】12.B13.C14.B15.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了青少年暑期兼職可以幫助他們提高成績，掌握生活技能以及獲取社會經驗?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。由第三段“AccordingtotheNationalAssociationofCollegesandEmployers’JobSurvey2018,while89.4%ofrecentcollegegraduatesconsideredthemselvesashavinggoodworkskills,only42.5%ofsurveyedemployerssharedthatopinion(根據(jù)2018年全國大學和雇主協(xié)會的就業(yè)調查，而89.4%的應屆大學畢業(yè)生認為自己擁有良好的工作技能，只有42%。5%的受訪雇主認同這一觀點)”可知，該調查發(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)大學畢業(yè)生自認為擁有良好的工作技能，而許多雇主卻不這么認為。因此我們可以得出推論，許多大學畢業(yè)生沒有達到雇主的預期。故選B?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第四段中的“parentsoftenbelievethatsummerschoolandvolunteerworkwillbemorehelpfulforcollegeapplicationsthanpaidwork(家長們通常認為暑期學校和志愿工作比有償工作對申請大學更有幫助)”可知，父母常常認為，與付酬工作相比，暑期學校經歷和志愿者工作更有助于大學申請。故選C?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的“Thejobsmostteensdohelpthembuild“softskills”thatemployersvalueandthatleadtohigher-payingjobs(大多數(shù)青少年做的工作幫助他們培養(yǎng)雇主看重的“軟技能”，從而獲得高薪工作)”可知，暑期兼職可以幫助青少年提高工作技能，幫助他們獲得更高酬勞的工作。由此可知，后句中同樣也指的是暑期兼職對青少年的幫助，與上句并列，故此處的them指代teenworkers。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Summerjobsforteensareworthsaving.Theseseasonaljobsoffermorethanmoney.Summerjobscanteachimportantlifeskillsandgiveteensreal-worldexperience.(青少年的暑期工作值得保留。這些季節(jié)性工作提供的不僅僅是錢。暑期打工可以教會青少年重要的生活技能，并給予他們現(xiàn)實世界的經驗)”可知，作者指出青少年暑期兼職可以幫助他們提高成績，掌握生活技能以及獲取社會經驗，由此可推知作者是支持青少年暑期兼職的。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。AlbertEinsteinwasborninUlm,Germanyon14March,1879.___16___Einsteinwassosmartthatatage16hewrotehisfirstpaper.However,Einsteindidbadlyatschool.___17___HeendedupatcollegeinSwitzerland.Hisgradesmeantitwasdifficulttogetajobaftercollege,butafriendfoundhimworkfinally.Alberthadagreatyearin1905,publishing(發(fā)表)fourscientificpapers!____18____Oneofthethingsheresearchedwasthatenergyandmass(質量)aredifferentformsofthesamething.ThiswasexplainedbyhisfamousequationE=mc2.In1909AlbertwasfinallymadeaprofessorattheUniversityofZurich.Hecontinuedimprovinghiswork,andin1915hepublishedhistheoryofgeneralrelativity(廣義相對論).In1919,oneofAlbert’stheorieswasproved,makinghimthemostfamousscientistalive!_____19_____Hisworkchangedthewaywethinkabouttimeandspace,andalsohelpedwithdevelopmentslikethetelevision._____20_____Andin1933,AlbertdecidedtostayintheUSAforever.HebecameanAmericanin1940.Sadly,Einstein’sworkwithatoms(原子)ledtotheinventionoftheatomicbomb.Albertspenttherestofhislifetakingpartinactivitiesforworldpeace.Hediedin1955.A.AlbertspentlotsoftimeinAmerica.B.Einsteinlovedtousehisimagination.C.Hisworkturnedmodernphysicsonitshead.D.Evenasanadult,Einsteinwasdisorganized.E.Asachild,heenjoyedsolvingmathproblems.F.Andhewonthe1921NobelPrizeforPhysics.G.Oneteacherevensaidhe’dneverachieveanything!【答案】16.E17.G18.C19.F20.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，文章介紹了AlbertEinstein的生平?！?6題詳解】上文“AlbertEinsteinwasborninUlm,Germanyon14March,1879.(AlbertEinstein于1879年3月14日出生于德國烏爾姆)”介紹Einstein出生日期和出生地；下文“Einsteinwassosmartthatatage16hewrotehisfirstpaper.(Einstein非常聰明，16歲時就寫了他的第一篇論文)”介紹了Einstein16歲時的成就；結合全文內容可知文章按照時間順序展開，由此可知，E選項“Asachild,heenjoyedsolvingmathproblems(小時候，他喜歡解決數(shù)學問題)”介紹Einstein孩童時期的情況，符合語境。故選E?！?7題詳解】由上文“However,Einsteindidbadlyatschool.(然而，愛因斯坦在學校表現(xiàn)很差)”可知Einstein在學校的成績不好；下文“HeendedupatcollegeinSwitzerland.Hisgradesmeantitwasdifficulttogetajobaftercollege,butafriendfoundhimworkfinally.(他最后在瑞士上了大學。他的成績意味著畢業(yè)后很難找到工作，但一個朋友最終為他找到了工作)”說明雖然他最終上了大學，但成績不好；G選項“Oneteacherevensaidhe’dneverachieveanything!(一位老師甚至說他永遠不會取得任何成就！)”承接上文進一步說明Einstein在學校成績不好，與上下文表達的意思一致；句中的“Oneteacher”與上文的“atschool”相呼應。故選G?！?8題詳解】上文“Alberthadagreatyearin1905,publishing(發(fā)表)fourscientificpapers!(Albert在1905年度過了偉大的一年，發(fā)表了四篇科學論文！)”介紹了Einstein在1905年所取得的研究成就；由此推知，空處陳述他的研究的意義。C選項“Hisworkturnedmodernphysicsonitshead.(他的研究成果徹底改變了現(xiàn)代物理學)”符合題意。故選C?！?9題詳解】上文“In1919,oneofAlbert’stheorieswasproved,makinghimthemostfamousscientistalive!(1919年，Albert的一個理論被證明，使他成為當時世界上最著名的科學家！)”提到Einstein的某個理論于1919年被證實，他成為了當時世界上最著名的科學家，下文“Hisworkchangedthewaywethinkabouttimeandspace,andalsohelpedwithdevelopmentslikethetelevision.(他的理論改變了我們對時間和空間的看法，也促進了電視等的發(fā)展)”闡述了Einstein研究成果的重大意義；F選項“Andhewonthe1921NobelPrizeforPhysics.(他還獲得了1921年的諾貝爾物理學獎)”符合文章的時間順序，承接上文說明“oneofAlbert’stheorieswasproved”后Einstein所取得的獎項，符合語境。故選F?！?0題詳解】下文“Andin1933,AlbertdecidedtostayintheUSAforever.(1933年，Albert決定永遠留在美國)”說明AlbertEinstein于1933年決定定居美國。A選項“AlbertspentlotsoftimeinAmerica.(Albert許多時間是在美國度過的)”符合語境，選項中的“spentlotsoftimeinAmerica”與下文“decidedtostayintheUSAforever”相呼應。故選A。第三部分英語知識運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)：:完形填空(共15小題；每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面的短文,從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ThisEnglishgrandmotherhasspentawholeyearcleaningalloftherubbishoff52Britishbeachesaftershemadeither2018NewYear’sresolution(決心)tocleanonesandybeacheachweek.70-year-oldPatSmith___21___allof2018onDevonandCornwall’sbeacheseachweek,___22___withbags,rubberglovesandalitterpicker.Shetraveledwithout___23___fromoneendoftheSouthWesttotheother,___24___litterinbeautyspotsfromCoverack,Cornwall,toBlackpoolSands,Devon.Butthemother-of-twohasnoplanto___25___justbecausetheyearisover.“Doing52beachcleansin2018wasmyNewYear’s___26___andit’sfinallydone,”saidSmith.“Iwon’tstop,asour___27___need(s)me.I’mdriventotryto___28___ourlivingplanetformychildrenandgrandchildrenandIwillcontinuetodoeverythinginmypowerto___29___that.”Duringheryear-longcleanup,shesaidthatshewasoften____30____byothervolunteers—but____31____,peoplewouldmistakeherfordoingcommunityservice.“AlotoftherubbishIhave____32____iseverydayitems.Thesethingsareusedbyallofusanditis____33____tofindthempollutingourbeautifulbeaches.”she____34____.“Pleaselet’strytobemore____35____inthenewyear.”21.A.spent B.shared C.wasted D.killed22.A.covered B.armed C.surrounded D.decorated23.A.doubt B.trouble C.difficulty D.fail24.A.collecting B.dropping C.finding D.managing25.A.return B.follow C.stop D.prepare26.A.achievement B.resolution C.discovery D.duty27.A.beaches B.generation C.community D.volunteers28.A.treasure B.raise C.change D.protect29.A.support B.take C.achieve D.face30.A.joined B.invited C.seen D.tracked31.A.ingeneral B.incase C.attimes D.atlast32.A.takenup B.pulledup C.madeup D.pickedup33.A.shocking B.relieving C.satisfying D.boring34.A.concluded B.replied C.explained D.added35.A.grateful B.thoughtful C.confident D.patient【答案】21A22.B23.D24.A25.C26.B27.A28.D29.C30.A31.C32.D33.A34.D35.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了70歲的帕特·史密斯每周都帶著袋子、橡膠手套和撿拾器在德文郡和康沃爾郡的海灘上清理沙灘的故事?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：今年70歲的帕特·史密斯每周都帶著袋子、橡膠手套和撿拾器在德文郡和康沃爾郡的海灘上度過2018年。A.spent花費，度過；B.shared分享；C.wasted浪費；D.killed殺死。根據(jù)上文“ThisEnglishgrandmotherhasspentawholeyearcleaningalloftherubbishoff52Britishbeachesaftershemadeither2018NewYear’sresolution(決心)tocleanonesandybeacheachweek”可知，70歲的帕特·史密斯在德文郡和康沃爾郡的海灘上度過了2018年。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意見上題解析。A.covered覆蓋；B.armed提供，配備；C.surrounded圍繞；D.decorated裝飾。根據(jù)本句“__2___withbags,rubberglovesandalitterpicker”可知，帕特·史密斯每周都帶著袋子、橡膠手套和撿拾器清理海灘上的垃圾。armedwith配備，武裝，這里指帶著。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她必定從西南的一端走到另一端，從康沃爾的Coverack到德文郡的BlackpoolSands，她在風景優(yōu)美的地方收集垃圾。A.doubt懷疑；B.trouble難題，苦惱；C.difficulty困難；D.fail失敗。根據(jù)上文“her2018NewYear’sresolution(決心)tocleanonesandybeacheachweek.”可知，撿拾海灘上的垃圾是她的新年決心，所以她必定會這么做，withoutfail一定，必定。故選D。【24題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意見上題解析。A.collecting收集；B.dropping掉落；C.finding發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.managing管理；掌管。根據(jù)上文“withbags,rubberglovesandalitterpicker”可知，她在收集垃圾。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但這位兩個孩子的母親并不打算因為今年結束就停止工作。A.return返回；B.follow跟著；C.stop停止；D.prepare準備。根據(jù)本句“Iwon’tstop,asour___7___need(s)me”可知，她并不打算因為今年結束就停止工作。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：2018年清理52次海灘是我的新年決心，現(xiàn)在終于完成了。A.achievement成就；B.resolution決心；C.discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.duty責任。根據(jù)上文“ThisEnglishgrandmotherhasspentawholeyearcleaningalloftherubbishoff52Britishbeachesaftershemadeither2018NewYear'sresolution(決心)tocleanonesandybeacheachweek”可知，2018年清理52次海灘是她的新年決心。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我不會停下來，因為我們的海灘需要我。A.beaches沙灘；B.generation一代；C.community社區(qū)；D.volunteers志愿者。根據(jù)上文“Doing52beachcleansin2018wasmyNewYear's___6___andit'sfinallydone(2018年清理52次海灘是我的新年決心，現(xiàn)在終于完成了)”可知，海灘需要她。故選A。【28題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我有動力為我的子孫后代保護我們的地球，我將繼續(xù)盡我所能實現(xiàn)這一目標。A.treasure珍惜；B.raise提升；C.change改變；D.protect保護。根據(jù)本句“formychildrenandgrandchildren”可知，她清理海灘是為了子孫后代保護我們的地球。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意見上題解析。A.support支持；B.take帶走；C.achieve達到；D.face面對。根據(jù)上文“I’mdriventotryto___8___ourlivingplanetformychildrenandgrandchildren”可知，她將繼續(xù)盡自己所能實現(xiàn)為子孫后代保護地球這一目標。故選C。【30題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她說，在長達一年的清理工作中，經常有其他志愿者加入她的行列。A.joined加入；B.invited邀請；C.seen看到；D.tracked跟蹤，追蹤。根據(jù)本句“othervolunteers”可知，經常有其他志愿者加入她的行列。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查介詞短語詞義辨析。句意：但有時，人們會誤以為她在做社區(qū)服務。A.ingeneral總之，通常；B.incase萬一；假使；C.attimes有時；D.atlast最后。根據(jù)本句“peoplewouldmistakeherfordoingcommunityservice”可知，有的時候，人們會誤以為她在做社區(qū)服務。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：我撿到的很多垃圾都是日常用品。A.takenup拿起；開始從事；B.pulledup拔起；停下來；C.madeup編造；化妝；D.pickedup撿起；獲得。根據(jù)上文“__2___withbags,rubberglovesandalitterpicker”可知，她撿到的很多垃圾都是日常用品。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“我們所有人都在使用這些東西，發(fā)現(xiàn)它們污染我們美麗的海灘是令人震驚的?！彼a充說道。A.shocking令人震驚的；B.relieving欣慰的；C.satisfying令人滿意的；D.boring令人厭煩的。根據(jù)上句“AlotoftherubbishIhave___12___iseverydayitems”以及本句“tofindthempollutingourbeautifulbeaches”可知，發(fā)現(xiàn)很多垃圾都是日常用品，而它們污染美麗的海灘是令人震驚的。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意見上題解析。A.concluded總結；B.replied回復；C.explained解釋；D.added補充。根據(jù)上文“shesaidthatshewasoften___10___byothervolunteers—but___11___,peoplewouldmistakeherfordoingcommunityservice”可知，本句為她補充說的內容。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：請讓我們在新的一年里多為他人著想。A.grateful感激的；B.thoughtful考慮周到的；沉思的，思考的；C.confident自信的；D.patient耐心的。根據(jù)上文“itis___13___tofindthempollutingourbeautifulbeaches”可知，她倡議讓我們在新的一年里考慮更加周到，做事更深思熟慮。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題：每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬热?1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。A17-year-oldpilothasbecometheyoungestpersontoflyalonearoundtheworld.MackRutherfordlandedhissmallplaneinBulgaria’scapital,Sofia,____36____hehadstartedhistripfivemonthsbe