Unit6英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)專題課件-人教版英語九年級(jí)全冊(cè)

ThePassiveVoiceWhatdoesshedoeveryday？Shewaterstheflowerseveryday.Theflowersarewatered

(byher)

everyday.Sydneyisvisitedbymanytouristseveryyear.《飄》ThebookwaswrittenbyMargaretMitchell.GonewiththewindTheumbrellaisusedforkeepingofftherain.ThelightwasinventedbyThomasEdison.

Anncantakegoodcareof

thecats

．Thecats

canbetakengoodcareof

byAnn.Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.(一)語態(tài)分類

英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)，主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：

Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主動(dòng))Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被動(dòng))漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動(dòng)，而英語用：

be+done過去分詞變化規(guī)則：規(guī)則/不規(guī)則(1)一般情況下,在動(dòng)詞后加ed構(gòu)成：work/worked,stay/stayed,shout/shouted等.(2)在以-e結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞后只加d：close/closed,like/liked,live/lived,smile/smiled等.(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)將y改為i再加-ed：study/studied,carry/carried等.(4)以重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母動(dòng)詞,要雙寫末尾的輔音字母再加-ed：stop/stopped,admit/admitted,refer/referred,prefer/preferred等.

被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：when?

1、當(dāng)不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)；

2、沒有必要或不想指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)；

3、只需強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。

e.g.(1)TrainsaremadeinZhuzhou.(2)EnglishisspokeninCanada.(3)ThebookwaswrittenbyLuXun.

助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞e.g.1.TheymaketrainsinZhuzhou.(主動(dòng)語態(tài))

Trains__________inZhuzhou.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))

2.Thefarmersgrowcottoneveryyear.Cotton_______bythefarmerseveryyear.

3.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.

English__________bymanypeople.aremadeisgrownisspoken被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：bedone(be

有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化)(二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化

主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其形式與系動(dòng)詞be的變化形式完全一樣。以give為例，列表如下：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 一般過去時(shí)： 一般將來時(shí)：

含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： 過去完成時(shí)：

［注］被動(dòng)語態(tài)沒有將來進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。

am/is/are+donewas/were+done

shall/will+bedone

can/must+bedone

am/is/are+being+done

was/were+being+done

have/has+been+done

had+been+done

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：

1.Sheoftencleansthehouse.Thehouse____________byher.

isoftencleanedareplantedam/is/are+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

2.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear.Trees_________byusinspringeveryyear.

2.一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：

e.g1.Theybuiltthehouselastyear.Thehouse_________lastyear.

wasbuiltweretakenwas/were+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞2.Miketookthesephotosinthepark.Thesephotos_________byMikeinthepar

have/has+been+V(p.p.)1.Hehasinvitedallhisfriendstohisparty.Allhisfriendshavebeeninvitedtohisparty.2.Thethiefhasstolenallthemoney.Themoneyhasbeenstolenbythethief.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：

abird,catch,bytheboyAbirdhasbeencaughtbytheboy.Adog,examine,threetimes,bythedoctorAdoghasbeenexaminedthreetimesbythedoctor.myleg,biteMyleghasbeenbitten.myfoot,cutMyfoot

hasbeencut.

twosingerstars,invite,partyTwosingerstarshavebeeninvitedtothiscity.4.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：e.g1.Theymustbuildahotelinthetown.Ahotel__________bytheminthetown.

mustbebuilt

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

用所給動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)填空：1.Sandy____________(think)tobethebeststudentinhisclass.2.Thechildren__________(take)goodcareofinthekindergarden3.Thisbook_________(cost)youtenyuan.4.Thisbook______________(mustreturn)tothelibraryontime.5.TheChineseCommunistParty___________(found)inJuly,1921.

isthoughtaretakencostmustbereturnedwasfounded5.一般將來時(shí)：

willbedone(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.

Carswillbesentabroadbysea.(2)Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.

Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.

Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.Wearepaintingtherooms.

Theroomsarebeingpainted.6.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：—Whydidn'ttheydrivethereontime?—Becausetheworkersweremendingtheroad.

Becausetheroadwasbeingmended.Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.

Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用1.當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這時(shí)往往不用by短語。

“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”2.突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by短語。

TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3.當(dāng)漢語句子的主語既不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這時(shí)常用in+名詞作狀語，而代替by短語。

ThesecarsweremadeinChina.15,000carswillbeproducedeachyearinthenewfactory.主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法（1）Myaunt

invited

me

toherdinnerparty.

主語謂語賓語→

I

wasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.

主語謂語賓語（2）Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.→Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所注意的問題1.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正確)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(錯(cuò)誤)2.含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語為主語時(shí)比較多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.注意：1.一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to，如：

bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell

等。(1)Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.

2.一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語前用介詞

for,如：

build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing

等。(1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.(2)Themeatwascookedforus.(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.

3.Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.

→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to，但改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后都帶to，這時(shí)不定式為主語補(bǔ)足語，也就是說不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語不存在省略to的問題。

Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.

→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.4.有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，常見的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：

(1)Theclothwasheseasily.這布很好洗。(2)Thenewproductsellswell.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。

對(duì)比：Thebookssellwell.(主動(dòng)句)

Thebooksweresoldout.(被動(dòng)句)Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主動(dòng)句)

Themeatwascookedforalongtime.(被動(dòng)句)5.下列情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句：

感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。

(1)—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.誤：Itisfeltverysoft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.

6.在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，例如：

1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.據(jù)說……Itissaidthat…據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)……

Itisreportedthat…據(jù)推測(cè)……

Itissupposedthat…希望……

Itishopedthat…眾所周知…Itiswellknownthat…普遍認(rèn)為…Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…有人建議…Itissuggestedthat…ChangethefollowingsentencesintothePassiveVoice1.TheymakeTVsetsinthatfactory.2.NorthwestChinagrowsthebestcotton.3.TheyusethisroomforplayingPingpong.4.Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.

TVsets

aremadeinthatfactory

ThebestcottonisgrowninNorthwestChina.ThisroomisusedforplayingPingpongThetelephonewasinventedbyBellin1876.5.Themanagermadethemwork10hoursaday.6.Chinah