2021屆復(fù)習梳理點撥學案Unit4Earthquakes含答案

學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精2021屆高考一輪復(fù)習梳理點撥學案：人教版必修1Unit4Earthquakes含答案Unit4Earthquakes基礎(chǔ)自主檢測閱讀識記Ⅰ.英譯漢1。earthquaken。地震2。eventn。事件;大事3.canaln.運河；溝渠4。sheltern。掩蔽；掩蔽體；避身處5.reportern.記者6.outlinen。要點；大綱；輪廓Ⅱ.漢譯英1.welln。井2.pipen。管;導(dǎo)管3。steamn.蒸汽；水汽4。trackn。軌道;足跡;痕跡5.expressvt。表示;表達n.快車；速遞6.headlinen。報刊的大字標題高頻應(yīng)用1.burstvi。爆裂;爆發(fā)n.突然破裂;爆發(fā)2.ruinn.廢墟；毀滅vt。毀滅;使破產(chǎn)3.rescuen．&vt.援救；營救4。trapvt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境5。disastern.災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍6.buryvt.埋葬；掩埋;隱藏7。damagen．&vt。損失；損害8。sincerelyadv。真誠地;真摯地拓展變形1。nation(n。)民族；國家;國民→national(adj.）國家的；民族的2.dirt(n。)污垢；泥土→dirty（adj.）臟的，骯臟的3。suffering（n.)苦難；痛苦→suffer（vt。＆vi。)遭受；忍受→sufferer（n4.extreme(adj.)極度的→extremely（adv.)極度地5。injure(vt.)損害；傷害→injury（n。）傷害；損害→injured（adj6。survivor（n.）幸存者;生還者;殘存物→survive(vt.＆vi。）幸存;存活下來→survival(n7。destroy（vt.)破壞；毀壞；消滅→destruction（n8。useless（adj。)無用的；無效的;無益的→useful(adj。）有用的9.shock(vt。&vi。)（使)震驚;震動（n。)休克；打擊;震驚→shocking(adj。）令人震驚的→shocked(adj10.electricity(n。)電；電流；電學→electric（adj。）用電的；帶電的→electrical（adj.)與電有關(guān)的；電學的11。mine（n。）礦；礦山；礦井→miner（n。)礦工12。frighten(vt。）使驚嚇；嚇?！鷉rightened(adj.)受驚的；受恐嚇的→frightening（adj13.congratulation(n.）祝賀；(復(fù)數(shù))賀詞→congratulate（vt。14。judge（n。）裁判員；法官(vt。）斷定；判斷；判決→judgement(n1.“adj。＋-ity＝n.”薈萃①electricity電；電流；電學②popularity受歡迎；流行③reality現(xiàn)實④similarity相似點⑤security安全⑥equality平等⑦majority大多數(shù)2?！?ing/。ed”結(jié)尾的形容詞聚會①eq\b\lc\｛\rc\（\a\vs4\al\co1（shocking令人震驚的，shocked感到震驚的））②eq\b\lc\｛\rc\（\a\vs4\al\co1（frightening令人恐懼的,frightened受驚的))③eq\b\lc\{\rc\（\a\vs4\al\co1（terrifying令人恐怖的,terrified感到害怕的)）④eq\b\lc\{\rc\（\a\vs4\al\co1(disappointing令人失望的,disappointed感到失望的）)⑤eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1（surprising令人吃驚的，surprised感到吃驚的))3?！白匀粸?zāi)害"相關(guān)單詞一覽①disastern。災(zāi)難；不幸②earthquaken.地震③droughtn.旱災(zāi)；干旱④eruptionn。(火山)噴發(fā)⑤hurricanen.颶風⑥tsunamin。海嘯一動詞＋介/副詞1.thinklittle/nothingof以為……沒什么了不起2.digout掘出；挖掉二be＋過去分詞＋介詞3.betrappedin陷入；被困住三介詞＋名詞4。atanend結(jié)束；終結(jié)5.inruins嚴重受損；破敗不堪四其他6.rightaway立刻；馬上7。asif好像；仿佛8。a（great）numberof許多;大量的9。beproudof以……而自豪1.“think＋副詞＋of”短語薈萃①thinklittleof認為……沒什么了不起②thinkhighlyof重視；看得起③thinkwellof重視④thinkpoorlyof輕視⑤thinkbadlyof認為……不好2?！癰e＋過去分詞＋介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)短語小結(jié)①betrappedin陷入困境；被困在②beoccupiedwith忙于；從事于③beabsorbedin專心于④beengagedin從事于；忙于⑤bedevotedto獻身于⑥beburiedin沉思；埋頭于1.too...to。。?！疤荒堋?Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat（緊張得不想吃食）．（教材P26)2.lookingfor。。。是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide(找地方藏身)．(教材P26)3。Itseems/seemedasif.。?！翱雌饋砗孟瘛盜tseemedasif(看起來好像)theworldwasatanend！(教材P26）4。leave＋賓語＋賓語補足語Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwereleftwithoutparents（成了孤兒)．（教材P26）5.everywhere用作連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句Everywheretheylooked（人們無論朝哪看）nearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.(教材P26)6.all。。.not表示部分否定Allhopewasnot(并不是所有的希望）lost。（教材P26)單句語法填空1.ItwasfeltinBeijing，ismorethantwohundredkilometresaway.答案：which2.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecity(lie)inruins。答案：lay3.numberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400，000.答案：The4.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewho（trap）andtoburythedead。答案:weretrapped5。Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorshomeshadbeendestroyed.答案：whose6。(slow），thecitybegantobreatheagain。答案:Slowly7。This(frighten)boywhosemotherwaslostinthedisasterislookingforhernow。答案：frightened8.（congratulate）！Wearepleased（tell)youthatyouhavewonthehighschoolspeakingcompetitionaboutnewTangshan。答案：Congratulations;totell9。Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffive（judge)，allofagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.答案：judges；whom10。youknow，thisisthedaythequakehappenedthirty。fiveyearsago。答案:As考點步步?jīng)_關(guān)1burstvi.（burst,burst）爆裂;爆發(fā)n．突然破裂；爆發(fā)Inthecity，thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst。（P26）在市內(nèi)，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂開來。burstout突然迸發(fā)；爆發(fā)burstoutdoingsth.＝burstinto＋n.突然……起來burstintotears/laughter/cheers＝burstoutcrying/laughing/cheering突然大哭/大笑/歡呼起來burstin/into闖進；突然破門而入burstwithanger/grief/joy勃然大怒/悲痛欲絕/樂不可支aburstof一陣……即時練1單句語法填空①Suddenlythedooropenedandagroupofchildrenburst。②AtthenewsthatmydadwouldbebackfromLondonthisweek，Ifeltasifmyheartwouldburstjoy.答案：①in②with單句寫作——句式升級③聽到兒子在地震中喪生的壞消息，這對夫婦突然哭起來。a．普通表達：thattheirsondiedintheearthquake，。（時間狀語從句)b．高級表達：thattheirsondiedintheearthquake，.（分詞短語作狀語)答案：a.Whentheyheardthebadnews；thecoupleburstintotearsb．Hearingthebadnews；thecoupleburstoutcrying2injurevt。損害；傷害Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake。（P26）他們中有三分之二在地震中傷亡。(1）injuredadj。受傷的theinjured受傷的人(表示一類人,作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù))（2）injuryn。傷;傷口；傷害dosb.aninjury/doaninjurytosb.傷害某人即時練2單句語法填空①Becausemyleftfoot(injure）inthefootballgame，Icannotgotherewithyouasplanned.②Aterribleaccidenthappenedatthecrossingandanambulancerushedthe(injure)tothehospital.③Don’tliftthattoolbox-you’lldoyourselfan（injure）!答案:①wasinjured②injured③injury用injure/wound/hurt/harm的正確形式填空④Heclaimedthatworkingtoohardwashishealth.⑤Gunmenkilledtwopeopleandsixothersinanattacktoday。⑥Whathesaidmedeeply。⑦Oneoftheplayershiskneeandhadtobesenttothehospital。答案：④harming⑤wounded⑥hurt⑦injured3shockvt.＆vi.（使)震驚;震動n．休克;打擊；震驚Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereshocked。（P26)井里滿是沙子，而不是水。人們驚呆了。(1)beinastateofshock大為震驚；休克abig/greatshock極大的震驚beashocktosb.對某人來說是個打擊comeasashock讓某人大吃一驚（2）shockedadj。感到驚訝的beshockedat/bysth.對……感到震驚(3）shockingadj.令人震驚的[名師點津]shock意為“令人震驚的人或事”時為可數(shù)名詞，其前通常與不定冠詞a連用.即：抽象名詞具體化。即時練3單句寫作①聽到他辭職的消息，我深感震驚。Ithathehadresigned.②現(xiàn)在，電擊訓(xùn)練和藥物治療正幫助挽救這些大鳥。Now，trainingandmedicaltreatmentarehelpingtorescuethesebigbirds.③我升職的消息著實讓人吃驚。ItcamethatIwaspromoted。④他傷得不重，但驚魂未定/處于休克狀態(tài)。Heisn’tseriouslyinjuredbutheis.⑤在那個令人震驚的消息傳遍全城之后，人人都深感震驚。Afterthenewsspreadthroughoutthewholecity，everyonefelt.答案:①wasshockedatthenews②electricshock③asashock④inastateofshock⑤shocking；shocked4judgen。裁判員；法官vt.斷定；判斷;判決Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.(P30)評委會的五位評委聽了你的演講,他們一致認為你的演講是今年最好的。(1）judge。。.from/by。。。從……來判斷……judgebetweenrightandwrong判斷是非asfarasIcanjudge據(jù)我判斷,我認為（2)judgingby/from根據(jù)……判斷［名師點津］judgingfrom/by用在句首時，為一個獨立成分，不受句子主語和時態(tài)影響，只用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語而不采用過去分詞的形式。即時練4單句語法填空①Schoolstendto（judge)bytheperformanceoftheirstudentsinexams。②（judge）fromthenumberofcars，hethoughttherewerenotmanypeopleattheclubyet。答案：①bejudged②Judging單句寫作③常言道，我們不能以貌取人。答案:Asthesayinggoes,“Weshouldneverjudgeapersonby/fromhislooks."1atanend結(jié)束；終結(jié)教材原句Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend?。≒26)仿佛到了世界末日?。?)attheendof在……盡頭/末端(指時間或空間）intheend最后；終于bytheendof到……末為止(常與完成時態(tài)連用)cometoanend結(jié)束beatanend結(jié)束put/bringanendtosth.結(jié)束某事makeendsmeet使收支相抵；量入為出（2)endupwith以……結(jié)束endupdoingsth.以做某事告終（3)endingn。結(jié)局；結(jié)尾endlessadj.無止境的；連續(xù)的即時練1單句語法填空①ThemeetingwasnearlyanendwhenIgottothemeetingroom.②It’shardworkbutifyouhangonyouwillsucceedtheend。③theendofthisweek，Iwillhavefinishedmostofthework.④Manyfamiliesstruggledtomake(end）meetineconomiccrisis。⑤Atfirstherefusedtoacceptanyresponsibilitybutheendedup(apologize）．答案：①at②in③By④ends⑤apologizing2a（great)numberof許多；大量的教材原句Suchagreatnumberofpeoplediedbecausethequakehappenedwhiletheyweresleeping。(P27）那么多人喪生是因為地震發(fā)生時人們在睡覺。（1)eq\b\lc\\rc\｝（\a\vs4\al\co1(agreat/large/small,numberof,agreat/goodmany，afew/quiteafew）)＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)（2）eq\b\lc\\rc\｝(\a\vs4\al\co1（agreatdealof,agreat/largeamountof,largeamountsof，quitealittle））＋不可數(shù)名詞（3)eq\b\lc\\rc\｝(\a\vs4\al\co1（alotof/lotsof，agreat/largequantityof，largequantitiesof，plentyof）)＋eq\a\vs4\al（可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，或不可數(shù)名詞）(4)eq\b\lc\\rc\｝(\a\vs4\al\co1(manya，morethanone）)＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)謂語動詞[名師點津](1）anumberof“許多的；大量的"，后面跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。number之前可加某些表示數(shù)量大小的形容詞。anumberof加復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.thenumberof“……的數(shù)量”，后面跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。thenumberof加復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(2)agreatmany后修飾可數(shù)名詞時，通常不加of，但名詞前有定冠詞the或形容詞性物主代詞修飾時要加上of。（3)largequantitiesof＋pl.n．/［U］n．作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；alargequantityof＋pl。n。/[U]n．作主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)和名詞的數(shù)保持一致：復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；largeamountsof＋［U］n．作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);alargeamountof＋[U]n．作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù).即時練2單句語法填空①Largequantitiesofinformation,aswellassometimelyhelp，(offer）sincetheorganizationwasbuilt。②Agreatdealofmoney(donate）toauniversitybyanordinaryworker,whicharousedpublicattention。③Largeamountsofmoney(spend）onadvertisementseveryyear.④Asyoucansee，thenumberofcarsonourroads(keep)risingthesedays.⑤Alargenumberofpeople(apply)forthejobsincethen。⑥Manyafamouspopstar(ruin）bydrugs。答案：①havebeenoffered②wasdonated③arespent④keeps⑤haveapplied⑥hasbeenruined1Inthefarmyards，thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat。(P26）翻譯農(nóng)家大院里的雞，甚至豬都緊張得不想吃食。too.。.to.。?！疤荒堋?，表示否定意義,而在下列情況中表示肯定意義：（1)only/just/buttoo.。.to。.?！胺浅！プ觥眛oo前的only/just/but不僅沒有否定意義，反而加重了too的肯定語氣。（2）too后面的形容詞為表示心情或描繪性形容詞的時候，如：happy,pleased,willing，thankful,delighted，anxious,eager,kind,good等，表示肯定意義。（3)too。..to。。.中的too前面有never/can't等時，此結(jié)構(gòu)為雙重否定表示肯定。can't。。。too.../can’t.。.enough“越……越好;再……也不為過”.即時練1單句寫作①正如那句老話：“活到老，學到老”.Justasanoldsayinggoes：“Itisnever。"②他非常高興地接受了你的邀請。Heisonlyacceptyourinvitation。③在開車時,你越小心越好.Youwhiledrivingacar。答案：①toooldtolearn②toodelighted/happyto③can’tbetoocareful/can’tbecarefulenough2Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend?。≒26)翻譯仿佛到了世界末日！(1）本句中asif＝asthough意為“仿佛；好像”，引導(dǎo)表語從句。常放在be，look，seem,sound,smell，feel等系動詞之后。(2）asif還可引導(dǎo)狀語從句。當說話人認為從句所陳述的是不真實的或不可能發(fā)生/存在的情況時，從句謂語常用虛擬語氣，結(jié)構(gòu)如下：與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句謂語動詞用過去式(be動詞用were)與過去事實相反從句謂語動詞用haddone與將來事實相反從句謂語動詞用would/could/might/shoulddo[名師點津］如果asif引導(dǎo)的從句中的主語和主句的主語相同，且含有be動詞的某種形式,可省略從句中的主語和be動詞，這樣asif后就只剩下名詞、不定式、形容詞(短語）、介詞短語或分詞.即時練2單句語法填空①Whenapencilispartlyputintoaglassofwater,itlooksasifit(be)broken。②Hebehavedasifnothing（happen）．③Shewalkedhereandthereontheplaygroundasif（look）forsomething.答案:①were②hadhappened③looking3Allhopewasnotlost。(P26)翻譯不是所有的希望都破滅了.（1)英語中的all，both,each,every，everybody,everything,completely,always，whole,entirely等具有總括意義的代詞、形容詞或副詞與否定詞not連用時，無論not位置如何，均構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。（2）英語中的no,none,never，nobody，nothing,neither,noone，nowhere,nomore，nolonger,noway等表否定意義的詞(組)與肯定式謂語一起使用構(gòu)成全部否定。[名師點津]both的全部否定為neither；all的全部否定為none;either與否定詞連用表全部否定。即時練3單句語法填空①Hehadlosthiscourageandhishealthinthewarandneverfoundofthemagain.②Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon’tagreewith.答案：①either②everything把下列部分否定的句子改為全部否定③Noteverythingshedidpleasedhim。④Bothofthemarenotmybrothers.答案：③Nothingshedidpleasedhim。④Neitherofthemismybrother.定語從句（Ⅰ）在主從復(fù)合句中，對某一名詞或代詞起修飾作用的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞.定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句.關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞(that,which,who,whom,whose，as等)和關(guān)系副詞(when，where，why等）兩類。關(guān)系詞通常有三個作用：（1）連接主從句;(2）指代先行詞；（3)在定語從句中充當一個句子成分。關(guān)系代詞的基本用法指代對象指代人指代物使用情況主語who，thatwhich,that從句中缺少主語或賓語賓語whom，thatwhich,that定語whosewhose先行詞與從句主語有所屬關(guān)系①Amanwho/thatisperfectlypleasedwiththepresentstateofthingsisafailure。完全滿足于現(xiàn)狀的人是失敗者。②Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsneartheriverisourschool。位于河邊的大樓是我們學校。③Thatisthebookthat/whichIwanttoread。那是我想讀的那本書。④DoyouknowthemanwhosenameisWangBing？你知道那個叫王冰的人嗎?⑤Thebuildingwhosewindowsfacesouthwasbuiltlastyear.窗戶朝南的那座建筑是去年建成的.關(guān)系代詞只用that而不用which的情況1．當先行詞為all,everything,nothing，anything,little,much等不定代詞或先行詞被all,every,no,any,little,much等修飾時。⑥Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone。一切能做的都已經(jīng)做了.2．當先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。⑦ThisisthemostbeautifulparkthatIhavevisited.這是我參觀過的最漂亮的公園。3．當先行詞被theonly,thevery，thelast修飾時。⑧Chattingwastheonlythingthatinterestedhermost.聊天是她唯一感興趣的事。4．當先行詞既指人，又指物時。⑨Shetookphotographsofthepeopleandthingsthatshewasinterestedin。她把她感興趣的人和物都拍攝了下來。5．當主語是以who或which開頭的疑問句時,為避免重復(fù)而用that。⑩Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?站在門口的那個人是誰？6．當先行詞在定語從句中作表語時。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe。上海已不是過去那個樣子了。即時練Ⅰ。單句語法填空1．Thelittleproblemswemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.答案：that2．InChina，thenumberofcitiesisincreasingdevelopmentisrecognisedacrosstheworld。答案：whose3．Doyouhaveanythingyouwanttosayatthemeeting？答案:that4．Thebooksontheshelf，coversarebeautiful,areboughtbymyfather.答案：whose5．AfterthenMary，wehadbeentalkingaboutearlier,walkedin.答案:whomⅡ。單句改錯1．MyfatherandMrSmithtalkedaboutthingsandpersonswhotheyrememberedinthecountry。答案：who→that2．Theroomwhichwindowfacessouthismine。答案：which→whose3．IhavereadallthebookswhichIborrowedfromthelibrary。答案：which→that4．ThisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgameswhichIhaveeverseen。答案:which→that5．Thehouseisbuiltonsoftlandiseasytofalldown。答案：house后加that/which或去掉第一個is基礎(chǔ)達標演練Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Whenthegamefinallyended,bothofuswerelyingflatonourbacks，tiredtomove。答案:too2．WhenafirebrokeoutattheNationalExhibitioninLondon，atleasttenpricelesspaintings（destroy）．答案：weredestroyed3．Ifithadn'tbeenforyourtimelyhelp，we（trap)inadilemmanow。答案：wouldbetrapped4．OnseeingtheformerchampionoftheOlympicsappearsonthestage，theaudienceburstout(cheer）．答案：cheering5．Two.fifthsofthestudentsinourclass（be）fondofpopmusic.答案：are6．Thefactory，isreportedinthelocalnewspapers,willinsistonreformingthepresentsystemwhichhassloweditsdevelopment.答案：as7．Ireceivedhismother’sphonecallatten。OnlythendidIknowthathewasbadly（injure）inanaccidentthedaybeforeyesterday。答案：injured8．Alargenumberofsoldiersweresentthere(rescue)thosetrappedinthebuilding.答案：torescue9．Thankyouforyourletterconveying（congratulate）onmyappointment.答案：congratulations10．Asamatteroffact，itwasan(extreme）difficultanddangeroustask。答案：extremelyⅡ。單句改錯1．Thelakeiscalmandclear,andoneofthethingsthatisreflectedinthewateristhefamoustower.答案:第二個is→are2．Toourrelief，uptonowtheinjuredinthecrashhasbeenrushedtothenearbyhospital.答案:has→have3．Sheisalwaystalkingasthoughsheknowseverythingunderthesun.答案：knows→knew4．Hehasthreedaughters，allofwhowentabroadforfurtherstudy.答案：who→whom5．AsChinadevelopsfastandsteadily，anumberofforeignersislearningChineseasasecondlanguage.答案：is→areⅢ.教材微寫作A．根據(jù)提示完成句子1．一天夜里,一切都開始搖晃起來。（shake）答案：Onenight，everythingbegantoshake.2．水管爆裂，電力中斷。（burst；cutoff）答案:Thepipesburstandtheelectricity