人教版高中英語課文原文和翻譯-必修4

只供學(xué)習(xí)與交流只供學(xué)習(xí)與交流必修4Unit1ASTUDENTOFAFRICANWILDLIFEItis5:45amandthesunisjustrisingoverGombeNationalParkinEastAfrica.FollowingJane'swayofstudyingchimps,ourgroupareallgoingtovisitthemintheforest.Janehasstudiedthesefamiliesofchimpsformanyyearsandhelpedpeopleunderstandhowmuchtheybehavelikehumans.Watchingafamilyofchimpswakeupisourfirstactivityoftheday.Thismeansgoingbacktotheplacewhereweleftthefamilysleepinginatreethenightbefore.Everybodysitsandwaitsintheshadeofthetreeswhilethefamilybeginstowakeupandmoveoff.Thenwefollowastheywanderintotheforest.Mostofthetime,chimpseitherfeedorcleaneachotherasawayofshowingloveintheirfamily.Janewarnsusthatourgroupisgoingtobeverytiredanddirtybytheafternoonandsheisright.However,theeveningmakesitallworthwhile.Wewatchthemotherchimpandherbabiesplayinthetree.Thenweseethemgotosleeptogetherintheirnestforthenight.Werealizethatthebondbetweenmembersofachimpfamilyisasstrongasinahumanfamily.NobodybeforeJanefullyunderstoodchimpbehaviour.Shespentyearsobservingandrecordingtheirdailyactivities.Sinceherchildhoodshehadwantedtoworkwithanimalsintheirownenvironment.However,thiswasnoteasy.WhenshefirstarrivedinGombein1960,itwasunusualforawomantoliveintheforest.Onlyafterhermothercametohelpherforthefirstfewmonthswassheallowedtobeginherproject.Herworkchangedthewaypeoplethinkaboutchimps.Forexample,oneimportantthingshediscoveredwasthatchimpshuntandeatmeat.Untiltheneveryonehadthoughtchimpsateonlyfruitandnuts.Sheactuallyobservedchimpsasagrouphuntingamonkeyandtheneatingit.Shealsodiscoveredhowchimpscommunicatewitheachother,andherstudyoftheirbodylanguagehelpedherworkouttheirsocialsystem.ForfortyyearsJaneGoodallhasbeenoutspokenaboutmakingtherestoftheworldunderstandandrespectthelifeoftheseanimals.Shehasarguedthatwildanimalsshouldbeleftinthewildandnotusedforentertainmentoradvertisements.Shehashelpedtosetupspecialplaceswheretheycanlivesafely.Sheisleadingabusylifebutshesays:"OnceIstop,itallcomescrowdinginandIrememberthechimpsinlaboratories.It'sterrible.ItaffectsmewhenIwatchthewildchimps.Isaytomyself,'Aren'ttheylucky?"AndthenIthinkaboutsmallchimpsincagesthoughtheyhavedonenothingwrong.Onceyouhaveseenthatyoucanneverforget..."Shehasachievedeverythingshewantedtodo:workingwithanimalsintheirownenvironment,gainingadoctor'sdegreeandshowingthatwomencanliveintheforestasmencan.Sheinspiresthosewhowanttocheertheachievementsofwomen.WHYNOTCARRYONHERGOODWORK?enjoyedEnglish,biology,andchemistryatschool,butwhichoneshouldIchoosetostudyatuniversity?IdidnotknowtheansweruntiloneeveningwhenIsatdownatthecomputertodosomeresearchongreatwomenofChina.BychanceIcameacrossanarticleaboutadoctorcalledLinQiaozhi,aspecialistinwomen'sdiseases.Shelivedfrom1901to1983.Itseemedthatshehadbeenverybusyinherchosencareer,travellingabroadtostudyaswellaswritingbooksandarticles.Oneofthemcaughtmyeye.Itwasasmallbookexplaininghowtocutthedeathratefromhavingandcaringforbabies.Shegavesomesimplerulestofollowforkeepingbabiesclean,healthyandfreefromsickness.Whydidshewritethat?WhowerethewomenthatLinQiaozhithoughtneededthisadvice?Ilookedcarefullyatthetextandrealizedthatitwasintendedforwomeninthecountryside.Perhapsiftheyhadanemergencytheycouldnotreachadoctor.Suddenlyithitmehowdifficultitwasforawomantogetmedicaltrainingatthattime.Thatwasagenerationwhengirls'educationwasalwaysplacedsecondtoboys'.Wasshesomuchclevererthananyoneelse?Furtherreadingmademerealizethatitwashardworkanddeterminationaswellashergentlenaturethatgotherintomedicalschool.Whatmadehersucceedlateronwasthekindnessandconsiderationsheshowedtoallherpatients.TherewasstoryafterstoryofhowLinQiaozhi,tiredafteraday'swork,wentlateatnighttodeliverababyforapoorfamilywhocouldnotpayher.BynowIcouldnotwaittofindoutmoreabouther.IdiscoveredthatLinQiaozhihaddevotedherwholelifetoherpatientsandhadchosennottohaveafamilyofherown.Insteadshemadesurethatabout50,000babiesweresafelydelivered.BythistimeIwasveryexcited.WhynotstudyatmedicalcollegelikeLinQiaozhiandcarryonhergoodwork?Itwasstillnottoolateformetoimprovemystudies,preparefortheuniversityentranceexaminations,and....必修4Unit2APIONEERFORALLPEOPLEAlthoughheisoneofChina'smostfamousscientists,YuanLongpingconsidershimselfafarmer,forheworksthelandtodohisresearch.Indeed,hissunburntfaceandarmsandhisslim,strongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers,forwhomhehasstruggledforthepastfivedecades.DrYuanLongpinggrowswhatiscalledsuperhybridrice.In1974,hebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput.Thisspecialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduceone-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields.Nowmorethan60%ofthericeproducedinChinaeachyearisfromthishybridstrain.Bornintoapoorfarmer'sfamilyin1930,DrYuangraduatedfromSouthwestAgriculturalCollegein1953.Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.Asayoungman,hesawthegreatneedforincreasingthericeoutput.Atthattime,hungerwasadisturbingprobleminmanypartsofthecountryside.DrYuansearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpandingtheareaofthefields.In1950,Chinesefarmerscouldproduceonlyfiftymilliontonsofrice.Inarecentharvest,however,nearlytwohundredmilliontonsofricewasproduced.Theseincreasedharvestsmeanthat22%oftheworld'speoplearefedfromjust7%ofthefarmlandinChina.DrYuanisnowcirculatinghisknowledgeinIndia,Vietnamandmanyotherlessdevelopedcountriestoincreasetheirriceharvests.Thankstohisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.Usinghishybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.DrYuanisquitesatisfiedwithhislife.However,hedoesn'tcareaboutbeingfamous.Hefeelsitgiveshimlessfreedomtodohisresearch.Hewouldmuchratherkeeptimeforhishobbles.Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah-jong,swimmingandreading.Spendingmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.Indeed,hebelievesthatapersonwithtoomuchmoneyhasmoreratherthanfewertroubles.Hethereforegivesmillionsofyuantoequipothersfortheirresearchinagriculture.Justdreamingforthings,however,costsnothing.LongagoDryuanhadadreamaboutriceplantsastallassorghum.Eachearofricewasasbigasanearofcornandeachgrainofricewasashugeasapeanut.DrYuanawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeofproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeople.Now,manyyearslater,DrYuanhasanotherdream:toexporthisricesothatitcanbegrownaroundtheglobe.Onedreamisnotalwaysenough,especiallyforapersonwholovesandcaresforhispeople.CHEMICALORORGANICFARMING?Overthepasthalfcentury,usingchemicalfertilizershasbecomeverycommoninfarming.Manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytostopcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.Recently,however,scientistshavebeenfindingthatlong-termuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandand,evenmoredangerous,topeople'shealth.Whataresomeoftheproblemscausedbychemicalfertilizers?First,theydamagethelandbykillingthehelpfulbacteriaandpestsaswellastheharmfulones.Chemicalsalsostayinthegroundandundergroundwaterforalongtime.Thisaffectscropsand,therefore,animalsandhumans,sincechemicalsgetinsidethecropsandcannotjustbewashedoff.Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildupinpeople'sbodiesovertime.Manyofthesechemicalscanleadtocancerorotherillnesses.Inaddition,fruit,vegetablesandotherfoodgrownwithchemicalfertilizersusuallygrowtoofasttobefullofmuchnutrition.Theymaylookbeautiful,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanvitaminsandminerals.Withthesediscoveries,somefarmersandmanycustomersarebeginningtoturntoorganicfarming.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Theyfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdisease.Ahealthysoilreducesdiseaseandhelpscropsgrowstrongandhealthy.Organicfarmers,therefore,oftenpreferusingnaturalwastefromanimalsasfertilizer.Theyfeelthatthismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinmineralsandsomorefertile.Thisalsokeepstheair,soil,waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstokeepthesoilfertile.Theyoftenchangethekindofcropineachfieldeveryfewyears,forexample,growingcornorwheatandthenthenextyearpeasorsoybeans.Cropssuchaspeasorsoybeansputimportantmineralsbackintothesoil,makingitreadyforcropssuchaswheatorcornthatneedrichandfertilesoil.Organicfarmersalsoplantcropstousedifferentlevelsofsoil,forexample,plantingpeanutsthatusetheground'ssurfacefollowedbyvegetablesthatputdowndeeproots.Someorganicfarmerspreferplantinggrassbetweencropstopreventwindorwaterfromcarryingawaythesoil,andthenleavingitinthegroundtobecomeanaturalfertilizerforthenextyear'scrop.Thesemanydifferentorganicfarmingmethodshavethesamegoal:togrowgoodfoodandavoiddamagingtheenvironmentorpeople'shealth.必修4Unit3AMASTEROFNONVERBALHUMOURAsVictorHugooncesaid,"Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthehumanface",anduptonownobodyhasbeenabletodothisbetterthanCharlieChaplin.HebrightenedthelivesofAmericansandBritishthroughtwoworldwarsandthehardyearsinbetween.Hemadepeoplelaughatatimewhentheyfeltdepressed,sotheycouldfeelmorecontentwiththeirlives.NotthatCharlie'sownlifewaseasy!Hewasborninapoorfamilyin1889.Hisparentswerebothpoormusichallperformers.YoumayfinditastonishingthatCharliewastaughttosingassoonashecouldspeakanddanceassoonashecouldwalk.Suchtrainingwascommoninactingfamiliesatthistime,especiallywhenthefamilyincomewasoftenuncertain.Unfortunatelyhisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff,soCharliespenthischildhoodlookingafterhissickmotherandhisbrother.Byhisteens,Charliehad,throughhishumour,becomeoneofthemostpopularchildactorsinEngland.Hecouldmimeandactthefooldoingordinaryeverydaytasks.Noonewaseverboredwatchinghim-hissubtleactingmadeeverythingentertaining.Astimewentby,hebeganmakingfilms.Hegrewmoreandmorepopularashischarmingcharacter,thelittletramp,becameknownthroughouttheworld.Thetramp,apoor,homelessmanwithamoustache,worelargetrousers,worn-outshoesandasmallroundblackhat.Hewalkedaroundstillycarryingawalkingstick.Thischaracterwasasocialfailurebutwaslovedforhisoptimismanddeterminationtoovercomealldifficulties.Hewastheunderdogwhowaskindevenwhenotherswereunkindtohim.Howdidthelittletrampmakeasadsituationentertaining?Hereisanexamplefromoneofhismostfamousfilms,TheGoldRush.Itisthemid-nineteenthcenturyandgoldhasjustbeendiscoveredinCalifornia.Likesomanyothers,thelittletrampandhisfriendhaverushedthereinsearchofgold,butwithoutsuccess.Insteadtheyarehidinginasmallhutontheedgeofamountainduringasnowstormwithnothingtoeat.Theyaresohungrythattheytryboilingapairofleathershoesfortheirdinner.Charliefirstpicksoutthelacesandeatsthemasiftheywerespaghetti.Thenhecutsofftheleathertopoftheshoeasifitwerethefineststeak.Finallyhetriescuttingandchewingthebottomoftheshoe.Heeatseachmouthfulwithgreatenjoyment.Theactingissoconvincingthatitmakesyoubelievethatitisoneofthebestmealshehasevertasted!CharlieChaplinwrote,directedandproducedthefilmshestarredin.In1972hewasgivenaspecialOscarforhisoutstandingworkinfilms.HelivedinEnglandandtheUSAbutspenthislastyearsinSwitzerland,wherehewasburiedin1977.Heislovedandrememberedasagreatactorwhocouldinspirepeoplewithgreatconfidence.ENGLISHJOKES1Therearethousandsofjokeswhichuse"playonwords"toamuseus.Onepersonasksaquestionwhichexpectsaparticularreply.Instead,whathegetsisanotherkindofanswerwhichmakesthesituationfunny.Nowreadsomeofthesecustomerandwaiterjokes.Canyoumatchthejokewiththeexplanation?1C:What'sthatflydoinginmysoup?W:Swimming,Ithink!C:What'sthat?W:It'sbeansoup.C:Idon'twanttoknowwhatit'sbeen.Iwanttoknowwhatitisnow.C:Waiter,willthepancakesbelong?W:No,sir.Round.2Somejokesarelongerandtellashort,funnystory.ThefollowingisoneofthosejokesaboutthefamousdetectiveSherlockHolmesandhisfriendDoctorWatson.Readitanddecidewhichofthesetwokindsofjokesyoulikebetter.Giveyourreasons.SherlockHolmesandDoctorWatsonwentcampinginamountainousarea.Theywerelyingintheopenairunderthestars.SherlockHolmeslookedupatthestarsandwhispered,"Watson,whenyoulookatthatbeautifulsky,whatdoyouthinkof?"Watsonreplied,"Ithinkofhowshortlifeisandhowlongtheuniversehaslasted.""No,no,Watson!"Holmessaid."Whatdoyoureallythinkof?."Watsontriedagain."IthinkofhowsmallIamandhowvasttheskyis.""Tryagain,Watson!"saidHolmes.Watsontriedathirdtime."Ithinkofhowcoldtheuniverseisandhowwarmpeoplecanbeintheirbeds."Holmessaid,"Watson,youfool!Youshouldbethinkingthatsomeonehasstolenourtent!"必修4Unit4COMMUNICATION:NOPROBLEM?Yesterday,anotherstudentandI,representingouruniversity'sstudentassociation,wenttotheCapitalInternationalAirporttomeetthisyear'sinternationalstudents.TheywerecomingtostudyatBeijingUniversity.Wewouldtakethemfirsttotheirdormitoriesandthentothestudentcanteen.Afterhalfanhourofwaitingfortheirflighttoarrive,Isawseveralyoungpeopleenterthewaitingarealookingaroundcuriously.Istoodforaminutewatchingthemandthenwenttogreetthem.ThefirstpersontoarrivewasTonyGarciafromColombia,closelyfollowedbyJuliaSmithfromBritain.AfterImetthemandthenintroducedthemtoeachother,Iwasverysurprised.TonyapproachedJulia,touchedhershoulderandkissedheronthecheek!Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhands,asifindefence.Iguessedthattherewasprobablyamajormisunderstanding.ThenAkiraNagatafromJapancameinsmiling,togetherwithGeorgeCookfromCanada.Astheywereintroduced,GeorgereachedhishandouttotheJapanesestudent.Justatthatmoment,however,AkirabowedsohisnosetouchedGeorge'smovinghand.Theybothapologized-anotherculturalmistake!AhmedAziz,anotherinternationalstudent,wasfromJordan.Whenwemetyesterday,hemovedveryclosetomeasIintroducedmyself.Imovedbackabit,buthecameclosertoaskaquestionandthenshookmyhand.WhenDarleneCoulonfromFrancecamedashingthroughthedoor,sherecognizedTonyGarcia'ssmilingface.Theyshookhandsandthenkissedeachothertwiceoneachcheek,sincethatistheFrenchcustomwhenadultsmeetpeopletheyknow.AhmedAziz.,onthecontrary,simplynoddedatthegirls.MenfromMiddleEasternandotherMuslimcountrieswilloftenstandquiteclosetoothermentotalkbutwillusuallynottouchwomen.AsIgettoknowmoreinternationalfriends,Ilearnmoreaboutthiscultural"bodylanguage".Notallculturesgreeteachotherthesameway,noraretheycomfortableinthesamewaywithtouchingordistancebetweenpeople.Inthesamewaythatpeoplecommunicatewithspokenlanguage,theyalsoexpresstheirfeelingsusingunspoken"language"throughphysicaldistance,actionsorposture.Englishpeople,forexample,donotusuallystandveryclosetoothersortouchstrangersassoonastheymeet.However,peoplefromplaceslikeSpain,ItalyorSouthAmericancountriesapproachotherscloselyandaremorelikelytotouchthem.Mostpeoplearoundtheworldnowgreeteachotherbyshakinghands,butsomeculturesuseothergreetingsaswell,suchastheJapanese,whoprefertobow.Theseactionsarenotgoodorbad,butaresimplywaysinwhichcultureshavedeveloped.Ihaveseen,however,thatculturalcustomsforbodylanguageareverygeneral-notallmembersofaculturebehaveinthesameway.Ingeneral,though,studyinginternationalcustomscancertainlyhelpavoiddifficultiesintoday'sworldofculturalcrossroads!SHOWINGOURFEELINGSBodylanguageisoneofthemostpowerfulmeansofcommunication,oftenevenmorepowerfulthanspokenlanguage.Peoplearoundtheworldshowallkindsoffeelings,wishesandattitudesthattheymightneverspeakaloud.Itispossibleto"read"othersaroundus,eveniftheydonotintendforustocatchtheirunspokencommunication.Ofcourse,bodylanguagecanbemisread,butmanygesturesandactionsareuniversal.Themostuniversalfacialexpressionis,ofcourse,thesmile一itsfunctionistoshowhappinessandputpeopleatease.Itdoesnotalwaysmeanthatwearetrulyhappy,however.Smilesaroundtheworldcanbefalse,hidingotherfeelingslikeanger,fearorworry.Thereareunhappysmiles,suchaswhensomeone"losesface"andsmilestohideit.However,thegeneralpurposeofsmilingistoshowgoodfeelings.Fromthetimewearebabies,weshowunhappinessorangerbyfrowning.Inmostplacesaroundtheworld,frowningandturningone'sbacktosomeoneshowsanger.Makingafistandshakingitalmostalwaysmeansthatsomeoneisangryandthreateninganotherperson.Therearemanywaysaroundtheworldtoshowagreement,butnoddingtheheadupanddownisusedforagreement,almostworldwide.Mostpeoplealsounderstandthatshakingtheheadfromsidetosidemeansdisagreementorrefusal.HowaboutshowingthatIambored?Lookingawayfrompeopleoryawningwill,inmostcases,makemeappeartobeuninterested.However,ifIturntowardandlookatsomeoneorsomething,peoplefromalmosteveryculturewillthinkthatIaminterested.IfIrollmyeyesandturnmyheadaway,ImostlikelydonotbelievewhatIamhearingordonotlikeit.Beingrespectfultopeopleissubjective,basedoneachculture,butingeneralitisprobablynotagoodideatogiveahugtoabossorteacher.Inalmosteveryculture,itisnotusuallygoodtostandtooclosetosomeoneofahigherrank.StandingatalittledistancewithopenhandswillshowthatIamwillingtolisten.Withsomanyculturaldifferencesbetweenpeople,itisgreattohavesomesimilaritiesinbodylanguage.Wecanoftenbewrongabouteachother,soitisanamazingthingthatweunderstandeachotheraswellaswedo!必修4Unit5THEMEPARKS—FUNANDMORETHANFUNWhichthemeparkwouldyouliketovisit?Therearevariouskindsofthemeparks,withadifferentparkforalmosteverything:food,culture,science,cartoons,moviesorhistory.Someparksarefamousforhavingthebiggestorlongestrollercoasters,othersforshowingthefamoussightsandsoundsofaculture.Whicheverandwhateveryoulike,thereisathemeparkforyou!ThethemeparkyouareprobablymostfamiliarwithisDisneyland.Itcanbefoundinseveralpartsoftheworld.Itwillbringyouintoamagicalworldandmakeyourdreamscometrue,whethertravelingthroughspace,visitingapirateshipormeetingyourfavouritefairytaleorDisneycartooncharacter.Asyouwanderaroundthefantasyamusementpark,youmayseeSnowWhiteorMickeyMouseinaparadeoronthestreet.OfcourseDisneylandalsohasmanyexcitingrides,fromgiantswingingshipstoterrifyingfree-falldrops.Withalltheseattractions,nowondertourismisincreasingwhereverthereisaDisneyland.Ifyouwanttohavefunandmorethanfun,cometoDisneyland!Dollywood,inthebeautifulSmokyMountainsinthesoutheasternUSA,isoneofthemostuniquethemeparksintheworld.DollywoodshowsandcelebratesAmerica'straditionalsoutheasternculture.AlthoughDollywoodhasrides,thepark'smainattractionisitsculture.Famouscountrymusicgroupsperformthereallyearinindoorandoutdoortheatres.PeoplecomefromalloverAmericatoseecarpentersandothercraftsmenmakewood,glassandironobjectsintheold-fashionedway.VisitthecandyshoptotrythesamekindofcandythatAmericansouthernersmade150yearsago,ortakearideontheonlysteamenginetrainstillworkinginthesoutheastUSA.Youcanevenseebeautifulbaldeaglesintheworld'slargestbaldeaglepreserve.Andforthosewholikerides,Dollywoodhasoneofthebestoldwoodenrollercoasters,Thunderhead.Itisworld-famousforhavingthemostlengthinthesmallestspace.CometoDollywoodtohavefunlearningallaboutAmerica'shistoricalsoutheasternculture!IfyouwanttoexperiencetheancientdaysandgreatdeedsofEnglishknightsandladies,princesandqueens,thenEngland'sCamelotParkistheplaceforyou.EveryareaoftheparkismodelledafterlifeinthedaysofKingArthurandtheKnightsoftheRoundTable.Inoneplace,youcanwatchmagicshowswithMerlintheWizard.Ifyouwanttoseefightingwithswordsoronhorseback,thenthejoustingareaisagoodplacet