2021下半年教師資格《初中英語學(xué)科知識與教學(xué)能力》押題密卷1

2021下半年教師資格《初中英語學(xué)科知識與教學(xué)能力》押題密卷1卷面總分：33分答題時(shí)間：240分鐘試卷題量：33題練習(xí)次數(shù)：8次

單選題（共30題，共30分）

1.Whichofthefollowinggrammaractivitiesismostcommunicative?

A.Askingthestudentstoreadandcorrectthemistakesinthesentences

B.Askingthestudentstotellthedifferencesbetweentwopicturesingroups

C.Askingthestudentstomakesentenceswiththegivenwords

D.Askingthestudentstocompletethetranslationexercises

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：考查語法教學(xué)活動(dòng)。題干意思為：下列哪一項(xiàng)語法教學(xué)活動(dòng)最具有交際性縱觀選項(xiàng)，A、C、D三項(xiàng)都屬于機(jī)械式的練習(xí)活動(dòng)，而B項(xiàng)需要學(xué)生將所學(xué)知識進(jìn)行實(shí)踐化的訓(xùn)練和運(yùn)用，通過小組活動(dòng)的形式描述兩張圖片差異，這充分體現(xiàn)了交際性的原則。故選B。

2.In__________drills,thestudentschangeagivenstructureinawaysothattheyareexposedtoothersimilarstructures,whichalsohelpsthemhaveadeeperunderstandingofhowthestructuresareformedandhowtheyareused.

A.substitution

B.transformation

C.comprehension

D.communicative

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：考查語法教學(xué)。在語法練習(xí)中，機(jī)械操練有兩種常用方式：替換操練(substitutiondrills)和轉(zhuǎn)換操練(transformationdrills)。題干中敘述內(nèi)容屬于轉(zhuǎn)換操練的內(nèi)容。故選B。

3.Cooperativelearningemphasizesonandcollectiveresponsibility.

A.teachers'responsibility

B.individualresponsibility

C.solelyresponsibility

D.teamresponsibility

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：考查合作性學(xué)習(xí)。合作性學(xué)習(xí)強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人的責(zé)任感和集體的責(zé)任感。

4.Whendesigningspeakingtasks,wemustfollowtheprinciplesexcept__________.

A.maximumforeigntalk

B.evenparticipation

C.highmotivation

D.highlanguagelevel

正確答案：D

您的答案：

本題解析：考查口語活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)原則。設(shè)計(jì)口語活動(dòng)時(shí)應(yīng)遵循以下原則：最大限度地練習(xí)口語、均等參與、高度激勵(lì)以及恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言難易程度。D項(xiàng)“Highlanguagelevel”不符合。?

5.Evenwhen__________tosuchtoughlivingconditions,thechildrenwouldneverhaveanycomplaint.

A.exposing

B.exposed

C.expose

D.toexpose

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：考查從句中的省略。前半句實(shí)際上是狀語從句when(thechildrenare)exposedtosuchtoughlivingconditions的省略說法，句意：“甚至當(dāng)孩子們被處在如此艱難的生活狀況中時(shí)，他們也不會(huì)有任何的抱怨”。故選B。

6.Whatarethemostimportantpartsofalessonplan

A.Textbooksandclassroomaids

B.Anticipationofproblemsandflexibilityindealingwiththem

C.Objectivesofthelessonandprocedurestoachievethem

D.Summaryandhomework

正確答案：C

您的答案：

本題解析：本題考查教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)的設(shè)置。一個(gè)高效的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)是由各個(gè)密不可分的小環(huán)節(jié)組合成的。但是在諸多環(huán)節(jié)中，課程的教學(xué)目標(biāo)及實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)的步驟是一節(jié)課的重中之重，只有一節(jié)課的任務(wù)都圍繞著教學(xué)目標(biāo)不偏離，教師才能很好地在教學(xué)過程中實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)，因此本題的正確答案為C。

7.__________assessmentisbasedonafixedstandardthatisusuallytheultimategoalwhichthestudentsareexpectedtoachieveattheendofthecourse.

A.Criterion-referenced

B.Norm-referenced

C.Summative

D.Diagnostic

正確答案：A

您的答案：

本題解析：考查教學(xué)評價(jià)。王薔等編寫的《英語教學(xué)法教程》認(rèn)為，教學(xué)評價(jià)可分為三種：Criterion-referencedassessment(目標(biāo)參照性評價(jià))．Norm-referencedassessment(常模參照性評價(jià))和Individual-referencedassessment(個(gè)體參照性評價(jià))。目標(biāo)參照性評價(jià)是以具體體現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作為依據(jù)，確定學(xué)生是否達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及達(dá)到的程度如何的一種評價(jià)方法。故選A。

8.Whenateacherintendstopresentorexplainanewlanguagepoint,whichofthefollowinggroupingmethodsismostlyrecommended？

A.Wholeclasswork

B.Groupwork

C.Pairwork

D.Individualwork

正確答案：A

您的答案：

本題解析：考查課堂分組方法。在課堂中可將課堂活動(dòng)分組方式分為全班活動(dòng)、小組活動(dòng)、雙人活動(dòng)和個(gè)人活動(dòng)。而在呈現(xiàn)或講解新知識時(shí)，全班共同參與是最提倡的。故選A。

9.Incomponentialanalysis,__________maybeshownasPARENT(x,y)&MALE(x).

A.father

B.mother

C.son

D.daughter

正確答案：A

您的答案：

本題解析：考查語義成分分析。根據(jù)語義成分分析法，像father，mother，son和daughter這樣包含了一種兩實(shí)體間關(guān)系的詞，可表示為：father=PARENT(x，y)&MALE(x)；mother=PARENT(x，y)&～MALE(x)；son=CHILD(x，y)&MALE(x)；daughter=CHILD(x，y)&～MALE(x)。PARENT(x，y)&MALE(x)的意思是x是y的父母，并且x是男性。故選A。

10.Asoundwhichiscapableofdistinguishingonewordinmeaningfromanotherinagivenlanguageisa__________．

A.phone

B.phoneme

C.allophone

D.allomorph

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：考查語音學(xué)中概念的區(qū)分。phone“音素”，phoneme“音位”，allophone“音位變體”，allomorph“詞素變體”。音位是語音系統(tǒng)中能夠區(qū)別詞義的基本語音單位，音位定義的要點(diǎn)是區(qū)別意義。音位變體為同一音位在不同環(huán)境中表現(xiàn)出來的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)不同的語音形式。詞素變體是詞素在不同情況下的不同形式．側(cè)重的是從語法結(jié)構(gòu)角度研究語素。故選B。

11.Thephrase"I′dliketo"involves__________phenomenon.

A.progressiveassimilation

B.liaison

C.regressiveassimilation

D.plosive

正確答案：D

您的答案：

本題解析：考查不完全爆破?！氨埔簦痶／，／d／+邊音／l／”型需由舌兩側(cè)爆破，在詞中或短語中則形成不完全爆破。

12.You__________allthosecalculations!Wehaveacomputertodothatsortofthing.

A.needn'thavedone

B.mustnothavedone

C.shouldn'thavedone

D.cannothavedone

正確答案：A

您的答案：

本題解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。needn’thavedonesth．意為“本不必做某事，但實(shí)際上做了”，沒有mustnothavedonesth．這種否定推測的表達(dá)方式，shouldn’thavedonesth．意為“不該做某事但做了”，cannothavedonesth．意為“不可能做某事”，句意為“你本不必做那些計(jì)算，那些事情可由我們的電腦來做”。故選A。

13.Passage1

Everyyear,theNobelPrizeisgiventooutstandingworkinsixfields:physics,chemistry,medicine,literature,economics,andworkinpeace.TheseprizesarenamedafterAlfredNobel,whoaskedfortheNobelFoundationtobemadeinhiswill.Hewasaninventorandbusinessman.

NobelwasborninStockholm,Swedenin1883.Hisfather,ImmanuelNobelhasperiodsofsuccessbuildingbridgesandperiodsofnotmakinganymoney.ImmanuelsentAlfi:edtostudychemistryinParis.AlfredmetAscanioSobrero,whofoundtheliquidnitroglycerine,aliquidthatexplodesveryeasily.Alfredthoughtaboutmakinguseofnitroglycerineintheconstructionofbridgesandtunnels.Anaccidenthappenedduringtheexperimentwiththeliquid,causinganexplosion,whichkilledandinjuredseveralpeople,includinghisbrother.Hecontinuedlookingforwaystomakethisliquidnotexplodesoeasily.

Nobelwassuccessfulinfindingasafewaytostoretheliquidandin1864beganproducinghugeamountsofit.Hefoundthatmixingitwithkindofsandwouldturntheliquidintoapaste.Hethenwantedtoshapethepasteintorodsthatwouldmakeiteasytoblowuprockwhenbuildingatunnel.In1867,hepatentedthematerialasdynamite.Thispatentgreatlyreducedthecostsofblastingrockanddrillingtunnels.Asabusinessman,Nobelsetuplaboratoriesthatmadedynamitein90locationsinmorethan20countries.Althoughdynamitewasusefulinconstruction,manypeopleuseditasaweaponinwar.

Atage43,thewealthyandlonelybusinessmanputanadinthenewspaperforasecretarythoughhewasreallylookingforawife.BerthaKinskyworkedashissecretaryforashorttime,butmarriedanothermanandbecameBerthavonSuttner.BerthaandAlfredremainedfriendsandwrotelettersmanyyearslater.Shemostlikelyinfluencedhimtostriveforpeace.Shepublishedanovel"LayDownYourArms!"in1889andbecamealeadingfigureinthepeacemovement.For

A.designedbuildingsthatcouldsurviveexplosions

B.continuedtoaidAscanioSobreroinhisresearches

C.wasconstantlysuccessfulinwhateverenterprisetheytookon

D.hadtimesinwhichtheystrugglesformoneyandearnedalotofmoney

正確答案：D

您的答案：

本題解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。作者在文章第二段指出“Hisfather，ImmanuelNobelhaspedodsofSuccessbuildingbridgesandperiodsofnotmakinganymoney”即AlfredNobel的父親有時(shí)會(huì)成功建造橋梁，賺很多錢，但有時(shí)也會(huì)一分錢都不掙。選項(xiàng)D表述與此相符。

14.Passage1

Everyyear,theNobelPrizeisgiventooutstandingworkinsixfields:physics,chemistry,medicine,literature,economics,andworkinpeace.TheseprizesarenamedafterAlfredNobel,whoaskedfortheNobelFoundationtobemadeinhiswill.Hewasaninventorandbusinessman.

NobelwasborninStockholm,Swedenin1883.Hisfather,ImmanuelNobelhasperiodsofsuccessbuildingbridgesandperiodsofnotmakinganymoney.ImmanuelsentAlfi:edtostudychemistryinParis.AlfredmetAscanioSobrero,whofoundtheliquidnitroglycerine,aliquidthatexplodesveryeasily.Alfredthoughtaboutmakinguseofnitroglycerineintheconstructionofbridgesandtunnels.Anaccidenthappenedduringtheexperimentwiththeliquid,causinganexplosion,whichkilledandinjuredseveralpeople,includinghisbrother.Hecontinuedlookingforwaystomakethisliquidnotexplodesoeasily.

Nobelwassuccessfulinfindingasafewaytostoretheliquidandin1864beganproducinghugeamountsofit.Hefoundthatmixingitwithkindofsandwouldturntheliquidintoapaste.Hethenwantedtoshapethepasteintorodsthatwouldmakeiteasytoblowuprockwhenbuildingatunnel.In1867,hepatentedthematerialasdynamite.Thispatentgreatlyreducedthecostsofblastingrockanddrillingtunnels.Asabusinessman,Nobelsetuplaboratoriesthatmadedynamitein90locationsinmorethan20countries.Althoughdynamitewasusefulinconstruction,manypeopleuseditasaweaponinwar.

Atage43,thewealthyandlonelybusinessmanputanadinthenewspaperforasecretarythoughhewasreallylookingforawife.BerthaKinskyworkedashissecretaryforashorttime,butmarriedanothermanandbecameBerthavonSuttner.BerthaandAlfredremainedfriendsandwrotelettersmanyyearslater.Shemostlikelyinfluencedhimtostriveforpeace.Shepublishedanovel"LayDownYourArms!"in1889andbecamealeadingfigureinthepeacemovement.For

A.BerthavonSuttner

B.AscanioSobrero

C.AlfredNobel

D.ImmanuelNobel

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段指出“AlfedmetAscanioSobrero，whofoundtheliquidnitroglycerine”，即AscanioSobrero發(fā)現(xiàn)了nitroglycerine。故選B。

15.Passage1

Everyyear,theNobelPrizeisgiventooutstandingworkinsixfields:physics,chemistry,medicine,literature,economics,andworkinpeace.TheseprizesarenamedafterAlfredNobel,whoaskedfortheNobelFoundationtobemadeinhiswill.Hewasaninventorandbusinessman.

NobelwasborninStockholm,Swedenin1883.Hisfather,ImmanuelNobelhasperiodsofsuccessbuildingbridgesandperiodsofnotmakinganymoney.ImmanuelsentAlfi:edtostudychemistryinParis.AlfredmetAscanioSobrero,whofoundtheliquidnitroglycerine,aliquidthatexplodesveryeasily.Alfredthoughtaboutmakinguseofnitroglycerineintheconstructionofbridgesandtunnels.Anaccidenthappenedduringtheexperimentwiththeliquid,causinganexplosion,whichkilledandinjuredseveralpeople,includinghisbrother.Hecontinuedlookingforwaystomakethisliquidnotexplodesoeasily.

Nobelwassuccessfulinfindingasafewaytostoretheliquidandin1864beganproducinghugeamountsofit.Hefoundthatmixingitwithkindofsandwouldturntheliquidintoapaste.Hethenwantedtoshapethepasteintorodsthatwouldmakeiteasytoblowuprockwhenbuildingatunnel.In1867,hepatentedthematerialasdynamite.Thispatentgreatlyreducedthecostsofblastingrockanddrillingtunnels.Asabusinessman,Nobelsetuplaboratoriesthatmadedynamitein90locationsinmorethan20countries.Althoughdynamitewasusefulinconstruction,manypeopleuseditasaweaponinwar.

Atage43,thewealthyandlonelybusinessmanputanadinthenewspaperforasecretarythoughhewasreallylookingforawife.BerthaKinskyworkedashissecretaryforashorttime,butmarriedanothermanandbecameBerthavonSuttner.BerthaandAlfredremainedfriendsandwrotelettersmanyyearslater.Shemostlikelyinfluencedhimtostriveforpeace.Shepublishedanovel"LayDownYourArms!"in1889andbecamealeadingfigureinthepeacemovement.For

A.Officebuildingscouldnotbebuiltusingnitroglycerine

B.Transportingthecompoundfromonefactorytoanothertooktoomuchtime

C.Thecompoundwasexplosiveandstoringitsafelywasdifficult

D.Makingdynamitefromthecompoundwastooexpensivetomakeaprofit

正確答案：C

您的答案：

本題解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段指出“aliquidthatexplodesveryeasily”以及后面提到“Nobelwassuccessfulinfindingasafewaytostoretheliquid”?？芍猲itroglycerine極易爆炸，不易儲(chǔ)存。故選C。

16.Passage1

Everyyear,theNobelPrizeisgiventooutstandingworkinsixfields:physics,chemistry,medicine,literature,economics,andworkinpeace.TheseprizesarenamedafterAlfredNobel,whoaskedfortheNobelFoundationtobemadeinhiswill.Hewasaninventorandbusinessman.

NobelwasborninStockholm,Swedenin1883.Hisfather,ImmanuelNobelhasperiodsofsuccessbuildingbridgesandperiodsofnotmakinganymoney.ImmanuelsentAlfi:edtostudychemistryinParis.AlfredmetAscanioSobrero,whofoundtheliquidnitroglycerine,aliquidthatexplodesveryeasily.Alfredthoughtaboutmakinguseofnitroglycerineintheconstructionofbridgesandtunnels.Anaccidenthappenedduringtheexperimentwiththeliquid,causinganexplosion,whichkilledandinjuredseveralpeople,includinghisbrother.Hecontinuedlookingforwaystomakethisliquidnotexplodesoeasily.

Nobelwassuccessfulinfindingasafewaytostoretheliquidandin1864beganproducinghugeamountsofit.Hefoundthatmixingitwithkindofsandwouldturntheliquidintoapaste.Hethenwantedtoshapethepasteintorodsthatwouldmakeiteasytoblowuprockwhenbuildingatunnel.In1867,hepatentedthematerialasdynamite.Thispatentgreatlyreducedthecostsofblastingrockanddrillingtunnels.Asabusinessman,Nobelsetuplaboratoriesthatmadedynamitein90locationsinmorethan20countries.Althoughdynamitewasusefulinconstruction,manypeopleuseditasaweaponinwar.

Atage43,thewealthyandlonelybusinessmanputanadinthenewspaperforasecretarythoughhewasreallylookingforawife.BerthaKinskyworkedashissecretaryforashorttime,butmarriedanothermanandbecameBerthavonSuttner.BerthaandAlfredremainedfriendsandwrotelettersmanyyearslater.Shemostlikelyinfluencedhimtostriveforpeace.Shepublishedanovel"LayDownYourArms!"in1889andbecamealeadingfigureinthepeacemovement.For

A.SheencouragedtheNobelfamilytomakeasmanypatentsaspossible

B.SheeffectedchangeinNobel'spolicyandhadprotestsagainstwar

C.ShehelpedAlfredNobelwithmanyofhisinventions

D.Shewasinfluentialinthebuildingofmanylaboratoriesin90countries

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。文章最后一段指出“Forthesereasons，shewasawardedtheNobelPeacePrize…”，聯(lián)系上下文，可知thesereasons指代的是前面兩句話“Shemostlikelyinfluencedhimtostriveforpeace…becamealeadingfigureinthepeacemovement．”。故選B。

17.Passage1

Everyyear,theNobelPrizeisgiventooutstandingworkinsixfields:physics,chemistry,medicine,literature,economics,andworkinpeace.TheseprizesarenamedafterAlfredNobel,whoaskedfortheNobelFoundationtobemadeinhiswill.Hewasaninventorandbusinessman.

NobelwasborninStockholm,Swedenin1883.Hisfather,ImmanuelNobelhasperiodsofsuccessbuildingbridgesandperiodsofnotmakinganymoney.ImmanuelsentAlfi:edtostudychemistryinParis.AlfredmetAscanioSobrero,whofoundtheliquidnitroglycerine,aliquidthatexplodesveryeasily.Alfredthoughtaboutmakinguseofnitroglycerineintheconstructionofbridgesandtunnels.Anaccidenthappenedduringtheexperimentwiththeliquid,causinganexplosion,whichkilledandinjuredseveralpeople,includinghisbrother.Hecontinuedlookingforwaystomakethisliquidnotexplodesoeasily.

Nobelwassuccessfulinfindingasafewaytostoretheliquidandin1864beganproducinghugeamountsofit.Hefoundthatmixingitwithkindofsandwouldturntheliquidintoapaste.Hethenwantedtoshapethepasteintorodsthatwouldmakeiteasytoblowuprockwhenbuildingatunnel.In1867,hepatentedthematerialasdynamite.Thispatentgreatlyreducedthecostsofblastingrockanddrillingtunnels.Asabusinessman,Nobelsetuplaboratoriesthatmadedynamitein90locationsinmorethan20countries.Althoughdynamitewasusefulinconstruction,manypeopleuseditasaweaponinwar.

Atage43,thewealthyandlonelybusinessmanputanadinthenewspaperforasecretarythoughhewasreallylookingforawife.BerthaKinskyworkedashissecretaryforashorttime,butmarriedanothermanandbecameBerthavonSuttner.BerthaandAlfredremainedfriendsandwrotelettersmanyyearslater.Shemostlikelyinfluencedhimtostriveforpeace.Shepublishedanovel"LayDownYourArms!"in1889andbecamealeadingfigureinthepeacemovement.For

A.Theconstructionofbridgesandtunnelsbecamemuchmoreexpensive

B.TheoriginalobjectiveofdynamitewastohelptheRussiannavy

C.Manypeopleusednitroglycerineasaweaponinwar

D.AlfredNobelgaveawayprizestospecialistsinsixcategories

正確答案：D

您的答案：

本題解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)短文第一句“theNobelPrizeisgiventooutstandingworkinsixfields”可知選項(xiàng)D正確。作者在第三段指出“Thispatentgreatlyreducedthecostsofblastingrockanddrillingtunnels”，故選項(xiàng)A不正確；選項(xiàng)B在文中沒有提及；由第三段最后一句“Althoughdynamitewasusefulinconstruction，manypeopleuseditasaweaponinwar”可排除C。

18.Passage1

Therearepeoplewhoareespeciallyattractedtothenotionof"climbingtheladder"soastoincreasetheirstatus,financialposition,andsenseofself-worth.Inpart,asaresultoftheworkethic,thesepeopleareinternally"driven"towork.Notinfrequently,foreignvisitorshaveobservedthatAmericansspendaninordinateamountoftimeworkingand,asaconsequence,Americanshavelittletimeforleisureorpersonalrelationships.InAmericanEnglishanewword"workaholic"hasbeencreatedtodescribeanindividualwhoisasaddictedtoworkasanalcoholicistoliquor.

Thereareconflictingpointsofviewaboutworkaholics.Thoseconcernedwithproblemsofmentalstressbelieveworkaholicsabusethemselvesphysicallyandmentally.Othersholdthatworkaholicsarevaluablemembersofsocietybecausetheyareextremelyproductive.TheAmericansculturevaluesachievement,efficiency,andproduction--aworkaholicsupportsthesevalues.

Despitethepresenceofworkaholics,thereisagrowingrealizationintheUnitedStatesthatexcessiveworkdemandscanbephysicallyandmentallyharmful.Manypeoplehavebeenrebellingagainsttheworkethic,claimingthatwhenajobissoimportant,personalrelationshipssufferandrelaxationbecomessecondary.Consequentlytherehasbeenashiftinvalues,withmoreemphasisbeinggiventopersonalrelationshipsandnon-workactivities.

IncreasedleisuretimeintheUnitedStateshasnotchangedtheideathatworkandplayaredistinctactivities."Thereisabeliefthatitisdesirable"toworkhardandplayhard,andundesirabletocombinethetwo.Inmanyoffices,storesandfactoriessocializingamongemployeesisdiscouraged.

Anemployeeunderpressureatworkoftencannotaffordtorespondtosocialcallsandvisits.

However,theamountofpersonalcontactonthejobdependsonthenatureofthework.

Peopleareambivalenttowardwork;itis,atthesametime.glorifiedan

A.adrugaddict

B.acompulsiveworker

C.analcoholic(drinkstoomuchalcohol)

D.acompetitiveworker

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)短文第一段前兩句“Therearepeoplewhoareespeciallyattractedtothenotionof‘climbingtheladder’soastoincreasetheirstatus，financialposition，andsenseofself-worth．Inpart，asaresultoftheworkethic．thesepeoplealeinternally‘driven’towork．”可看出有些人深受“climbingtheladder”觀念影響．目的是提高社會(huì)地位、經(jīng)濟(jì)地位和自我價(jià)值，所以他們受自身驅(qū)使而工作(internally“driven”towork)。故選B。

19.Passage1

Therearepeoplewhoareespeciallyattractedtothenotionof"climbingtheladder"soastoincreasetheirstatus,financialposition,andsenseofself-worth.Inpart,asaresultoftheworkethic,thesepeopleareinternally"driven"towork.Notinfrequently,foreignvisitorshaveobservedthatAmericansspendaninordinateamountoftimeworkingand,asaconsequence,Americanshavelittletimeforleisureorpersonalrelationships.InAmericanEnglishanewword"workaholic"hasbeencreatedtodescribeanindividualwhoisasaddictedtoworkasanalcoholicistoliquor.

Thereareconflictingpointsofviewaboutworkaholics.Thoseconcernedwithproblemsofmentalstressbelieveworkaholicsabusethemselvesphysicallyandmentally.Othersholdthatworkaholicsarevaluablemembersofsocietybecausetheyareextremelyproductive.TheAmericansculturevaluesachievement,efficiency,andproduction--aworkaholicsupportsthesevalues.

Despitethepresenceofworkaholics,thereisagrowingrealizationintheUnitedStatesthatexcessiveworkdemandscanbephysicallyandmentallyharmful.Manypeoplehavebeenrebellingagainsttheworkethic,claimingthatwhenajobissoimportant,personalrelationshipssufferandrelaxationbecomessecondary.Consequentlytherehasbeenashiftinvalues,withmoreemphasisbeinggiventopersonalrelationshipsandnon-workactivities.

IncreasedleisuretimeintheUnitedStateshasnotchangedtheideathatworkandplayaredistinctactivities."Thereisabeliefthatitisdesirable"toworkhardandplayhard,andundesirabletocombinethetwo.Inmanyoffices,storesandfactoriessocializingamongemployeesisdiscouraged.

Anemployeeunderpressureatworkoftencannotaffordtorespondtosocialcallsandvisits.

However,theamountofpersonalcontactonthejobdependsonthenatureofthework.

Peopleareambivalenttowardwork;itis,atthesametime.glorifiedan

A.abusethemselvesphysicallyandmentally

B.arehighlyproductivemembersofsociety

C.torturethemselvesphysically

D.bothAandB

正確答案：D

您的答案：

本題解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。作者在第二段指出對于workaholics，人們有兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)。一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為“workaholicsabusethemselvesphysicallyandmentally”：另一種觀點(diǎn)則認(rèn)為"workaholicsarevaluablemembersofsocietybecausetheyareextremelyproductive”。故選D。

20.Passage1

Therearepeoplewhoareespeciallyattractedtothenotionof"climbingtheladder"soastoincreasetheirstatus,financialposition,andsenseofself-worth.Inpart,asaresultoftheworkethic,thesepeopleareinternally"driven"towork.Notinfrequently,foreignvisitorshaveobservedthatAmericansspendaninordinateamountoftimeworkingand,asaconsequence,Americanshavelittletimeforleisureorpersonalrelationships.InAmericanEnglishanewword"workaholic"hasbeencreatedtodescribeanindividualwhoisasaddictedtoworkasanalcoholicistoliquor.

Thereareconflictingpointsofviewaboutworkaholics.Thoseconcernedwithproblemsofmentalstressbelieveworkaholicsabusethemselvesphysicallyandmentally.Othersholdthatworkaholicsarevaluablemembersofsocietybecausetheyareextremelyproductive.TheAmericansculturevaluesachievement,efficiency,andproduction--aworkaholicsupportsthesevalues.

Despitethepresenceofworkaholics,thereisagrowingrealizationintheUnitedStatesthatexcessiveworkdemandscanbephysicallyandmentallyharmful.Manypeoplehavebeenrebellingagainsttheworkethic,claimingthatwhenajobissoimportant,personalrelationshipssufferandrelaxationbecomessecondary.Consequentlytherehasbeenashiftinvalues,withmoreemphasisbeinggiventopersonalrelationshipsandnon-workactivities.

IncreasedleisuretimeintheUnitedStateshasnotchangedtheideathatworkandplayaredistinctactivities."Thereisabeliefthatitisdesirable"toworkhardandplayhard,andundesirabletocombinethetwo.Inmanyoffices,storesandfactoriessocializingamongemployeesisdiscouraged.

Anemployeeunderpressureatworkoftencannotaffordtorespondtosocialcallsandvisits.

However,theamountofpersonalcontactonthejobdependsonthenatureofthework.

Peopleareambivalenttowardwork;itis,atthesametime.glorifiedan

A.Becausetheyrealizethatworkisnotuseful

B.Becausetheyrealizethatleisuretimeshouldbeenjoyed

C.Becausetheyrealizethatexcessiveworkdemandscanbeharmfultotheirhealth

D.Becausetheyrealizethathavingfriendsisnotasnecessaryasworking

正確答案：C

您的答案：

本題解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)短文第三段第一句“thereisagrowingrealizationintheUnitedStatesthatexcessiveworkdemandsCanbephysicallyandmentallyharmful．”可知人們開始意識到過度的工作會(huì)對健康造成危害。故選C。

21.Passage1

Therearepeoplewhoareespeciallyattractedtothenotionof"climbingtheladder"soastoincreasetheirstatus,financialposition,andsenseofself-worth.Inpart,asaresultoftheworkethic,thesepeopleareinternally"driven"towork.Notinfrequently,foreignvisitorshaveobservedthatAmericansspendaninordinateamountoftimeworkingand,asaconsequence,Americanshavelittletimeforleisureorpersonalrelationships.InAmericanEnglishanewword"workaholic"hasbeencreatedtodescribeanindividualwhoisasaddictedtoworkasanalcoholicistoliquor.

Thereareconflictingpointsofviewaboutworkaholics.Thoseconcernedwithproblemsofmentalstressbelieveworkaholicsabusethemselvesphysicallyandmentally.Othersholdthatworkaholicsarevaluablemembersofsocietybecausetheyareextremelyproductive.TheAmericansculturevaluesachievement,efficiency,andproduction--aworkaholicsupportsthesevalues.

Despitethepresenceofworkaholics,thereisagrowingrealizationintheUnitedStatesthatexcessiveworkdemandscanbephysicallyandmentallyharmful.Manypeoplehavebeenrebellingagainsttheworkethic,claimingthatwhenajobissoimportant,personalrelationshipssufferandrelaxationbecomessecondary.Consequentlytherehasbeenashiftinvalues,withmoreemphasisbeinggiventopersonalrelationshipsandnon-workactivities.

IncreasedleisuretimeintheUnitedStateshasnotchangedtheideathatworkandplayaredistinctactivities."Thereisabeliefthatitisdesirable"toworkhardandplayhard,andundesirabletocombinethetwo.Inmanyoffices,storesandfactoriessocializingamongemployeesisdiscouraged.

Anemployeeunderpressureatworkoftencannotaffordtorespondtosocialcallsandvisits.

However,theamountofpersonalcontactonthejobdependsonthenatureofthework.

Peopleareambivalenttowardwork;itis,atthesametime.glorifiedan

A.theyconsiderworkandplayseparateactivities

B.theyhavenothingincommonwiththeirfellowworkers

C.theyfeelthatsocializingwiththemwellcreateproblemsathome

D.theyfeelthatsocializingwiththemmayresultinemotionalproblems

正確答案：A

您的答案：

本題解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。短文第四段開頭指出“theideathatworkandplayaredistinctactivities．”，意為人們認(rèn)為工作和娛樂是兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的活動(dòng)。故選A。

22.Passage1

Therearepeoplewhoareespeciallyattractedtothenotionof"climbingtheladder"soastoincreasetheirstatus,financialposition,andsenseofself-worth.Inpart,asaresultoftheworkethic,thesepeopleareinternally"driven"towork.Notinfrequently,foreignvisitorshaveobservedthatAmericansspendaninordinateamountoftimeworkingand,asaconsequence,Americanshavelittletimeforleisureorpersonalrelationships.InAmericanEnglishanewword"workaholic"hasbeencreatedtodescribeanindividualwhoisasaddictedtoworkasanalcoholicistoliquor.

Thereareconflictingpointsofviewaboutworkaholics.Thoseconcernedwithproblemsofmentalstressbelieveworkaholicsabusethemselvesphysicallyandmentally.Othersholdthatworkaholicsarevaluablemembersofsocietybecausetheyareextremelyproductive.TheAmericansculturevaluesachievement,efficiency,andproduction--aworkaholicsupportsthesevalues.

Despitethepresenceofworkaholics,thereisagrowingrealizationintheUnitedStatesthatexcessiveworkdemandscanbephysicallyandmentallyharmful.Manypeoplehavebeenrebellingagainstthework