文論斯特勞斯

文論斯特勞斯第一頁，共十四頁，2022年，8月28日LifeStructuralism

AFrenchanthropologist,ethnologist,structuralistadecisiveinfluenceonthehumanitiesinthesecondhalfofthetwentiethcentury1908-2009StructuralapproachtomythConclusion

第二頁，共十四頁，2022年，8月28日Life:ClaudeLevi-StraussborninBrussels(布魯塞爾，比利時)1908grewupinFrancefather:Frenchpaintermother:hasJewishancestrynamedaftertheartistClaudeLorrain

dreamtobeanartist第三頁，共十四頁，2022年，8月28日studiedlawandphilosophyatSorbonne(巴黎大學文學院)gotbacheloroflaws,laterin1931hegaveuplearninglaw,focusingonphilosophy(psychoanalysisandMarxism)PlantobeahighschoolteacherTurningpoint:wasofferedtobecomeamemberoftheuniversitymissioninBrazilasaprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofS?oPaulo(巴西圣保羅大學)第四頁，共十四頁，2022年，8月28日1935-1939:doethnography(人種學)workinBrazilwithhiswife,aprofessorofethnologyconductedresearchforaysintotheMatoGrosso(印第安部落)andtheAmazonRainforestThisexperiencecementedhimprofessionalidentityasananthropologist.第五頁，共十四頁，2022年，8月28日Turningpoint2：wasstrippedofFrenchcitizenshipafterFrenchcapitulation(1940法國投降)forhisJewishancestryduringWWII.Escape1941wasofferedapositionattheNewSchoolforsocialresearchinNewYork.relationshipwithJacobson(結(jié)構(gòu)主義語言學家)helpedshapehistheoreticaloutlookofstructuralism

createthestructuralanthropology第六頁，共十四頁，2022年，8月28日in1948,returnedtoParisandreceivedhisdoctoratefromtheSorbonne.anhonoraryProfessorattheCollègedeFrance(法蘭西公學院thehighestinFrenchhighereducation)

Interests:Anthropologykinshipmythologysociety

TheElementaryStructuresofKinship（親屬關(guān)系的基本結(jié)構(gòu)）TristesTropiques

（憂郁的熱帶）TheSavageMind（野性的思維）

Mythology神話學StructuralAnthropology結(jié)構(gòu)人類學第七頁，共十四頁，2022年，8月28日StructuralismLinguistic：Saussure（languageisaself-containedsystemofsigns）Chomsky(deepstructure)Claude:culturescanbeviewedassystemsofsignsandanalyzedintermsofthestructuralrelationsamongtheirelements.Literature:analyzethesystematicfeaturesandfunctionsofnarratives,tofindafinitesetofrulestoaccountfortheinfinitesetofrealandpossiblenarratives.

第八頁，共十四頁，2022年，8月28日Purpose:discoveruniversalpatterns/truthabouthumanmindMethod:examtherelationsandfunctionsofthesmallestconstituentelementsofasystemKeywords:binaryoppositions:female/maleprivate/publicwholenessinterrelationshippattern/rule第九頁，共十四頁，2022年，8月28日StructuralApproachtoMyth“Myth,liketherestoflanguage,ismadeupofconstituentunits.”Theseconstituentunits,ormythemes（神話素）isarelation,andthemeaningofamythistobefoundin"bundlesofsuchrelations.“Method:(1)classifymythemesandthenassignsthemnumbers;(2)arrangethosemythemesonachartbasedonbinaryopposition;(3)pointoutdeepstructureofmyth,revealingitsessenceandmeaning.

第十頁，共十四頁，2022年，8月28日Paradox:fantasticandunpredictable,thecontentofmytharearbitrary;mythofdifferentculturesaresimilar.Universallawgovernthemythicalthoughtandresolvethisparadox,producingsimilarlawindifferentcultures.

apairofoppositionsandamediator第十一頁，共十四頁，2022年，8月28日AmythconsistofElementsthatopposeorcontradicteachotherOtherelementsthatmediateorresolvethoseoppositions.StructureofmythsupporthisbasictheoryofhumanthoughtUniversallawsgovernallareasofhumanthought.第十二頁，共十四頁，2022年，8月28日ConclusionClaudeLevi-Straussneverplanedtobeananthropologistorstructuralist.Butlifeisjustaboxofchocolate,youwillneverknownwhatyou’regonnaget.Byfollowinghisinterest,hegraspedopportunitieslifeprovidedforhimandmadegreateffortstoachieveprofessionalsuccess.ToClaude,thereisauniversallawgovernallareasofhumanthoughtsandculturescanbeviewedassystemsofsigns.Myth

1.It'smadeofunit