綜合教程 第一冊(cè) 教學(xué)課件 熊選琴 劉重霄 1-U10

Unit10TextATipsonLearningEnglish(1)TextB

TipsonLearningEnglish(2)

[背景知識(shí)][課文][生詞][生詞講解][參考譯文][習(xí)題答案][課文][生詞][生詞講解][參考譯文][習(xí)題答案][對(duì)話]TextA:TipsonLearningEnglish(1)

ThesecretforlearningtospeakEnglishwellissimple—practicespeakingeverydayandtakeeveryopportunitytousethewordsyouknow.Thereisnopointinhavingalargestoreofwordsinyourmemoryifyoudon'ttrytomakeasmuchuseofthemasyoucan.But,learningalanguageisthesameaslearninganythingelse—itwillalwaysbeeasiertolearnifyouhaveareasonforlearning.Inotherwords—MOTIVATION—isthegreatestsinglehelpyoucanhavetomakeyourlearning“apieceofcake.”Whatyouneedtodoisthinkabout“why”youarelearningEnglishandwhatyouhopetogainfromthestudyofthelanguage.Onceyouhavesortedthisout,itthenbecomesamatterofdecidingexactlywhatyouneedtoknow.InChina,alotofstudiesofEnglish,asasecondlanguage,havetodowithpassingexams.Youthereforeneedtoknowwhattheseexamswillinvolveandconcentrateonlearningasmuchasyoucantomeetthoserequirements.That,ofcourse,isobvious,butthewayyougoaboutlearningthismightnotbequiteasobvious.Ifyouarelearningthelanguageforthesole

purposeofpassinganexam,thenmostofyourstudytimewillconcentrateonthetechnical

aspects,thegrammar,andbuildingavocabulary.課文

However,ifyourpurposegoesbeyondtheexam,andyouplantousethelanguageinapracticalwayaspartofyourfuturecareer,thenyouneedtofocusonhowbesttoapplyyourknowledge.OneofthemostimportantaspectsofthisistorecognisethedifferencesbetweenthewayyournativeChineselanguageisusedandthewayEnglishisused.Whenyoulearnasecondlanguage—anditappliestoanyoneandanylanguage—thefirststageintryingtousethatlanguageistomentallytranslatewhatyouwanttosayfromyournativelanguageintotheforeignlanguage.Whenwegetareplyfromwhomsoeverwearetalkingto,thenaturalprocessistotranslatebacktoournativetongue.Tobecomereallygoodinusingthesecondlanguage,weneed“tothink”inthatlanguagewithouttheneedtogothroughthetranslationprocess.Theonlywaythiswillhappenisthroughconstantpractice—byhavingtheMOTIVATIONtosucceed—bywantingtogetbetterandbetter—andbyplanningtolearnsomethingnewaboutthelanguageeveryday.Thistakesdetermination—andittakesplanning—anditmeanswewillmakemistakes—BUT—everymistakewemakeisagiftthatallowsustolearnsomethingwedidnotknowbefore.

（465words）NewWordstipn.勸告；小費(fèi)；尖，頂端vt.給小費(fèi)

secreta.秘密的，機(jī)密的n.秘密，奧秘

opportunityn.機(jī)會(huì)，時(shí)機(jī)

storevt./n.貯藏，貯存

motivationn.動(dòng)力；刺激

singlea.惟一的；單人的，單身的

gainvt.獲得，獲益,增加n.增加

exactlyad.確切地，精確地

involvevt.牽涉，包含；使陷于

requirementn.要求；需求；必要條件

obviousa.顯而易見(jiàn)的；清楚的

solea.惟一的，僅有的n.腳掌；鞋底

purposen.目的，意圖

technicala.技術(shù)的，工藝的*aspectn.方面；外觀；局面生詞

knowledgen.知識(shí)，學(xué)識(shí)；知道，了解

recognise(recognize)vt.認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)；公認(rèn)

stagen.階段，時(shí)期；舞臺(tái)

mentallyad.心理上，精神上；智力上

replyn./vt回答，答復(fù)

processn.過(guò)程，歷程vt.加工，處理

tonguen.語(yǔ)言；舌頭

constanta.經(jīng)常的；堅(jiān)定的

succeedvi.成功；繼任

determinationn.堅(jiān)毅；決定，確定PhrasesandExpressionsno/notmuchpointindoingsth.沒(méi)有做某事的理由

inotherwords換句話說(shuō)

sortout整理好；解決

concentrateon聚精會(huì)神，集中思想

focuson把······集中在······上；集中討論研究

gothrough經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)過(guò)；審閱，查看ChineseLanguageLearningAbroad海外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)在中國(guó)人熱火朝天學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，你可知道，如今欣賞古老的東方魅力在西方變得越來(lái)越時(shí)髦，想學(xué)中文的洋人比以往任何時(shí)候都多？據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)，到2010年，全球?qū)W習(xí)漢語(yǔ)的外國(guó)人將達(dá)１億。而且，推動(dòng)漢語(yǔ)發(fā)展的主體已開(kāi)始由民間轉(zhuǎn)向政府，很多國(guó)家政府教育部門(mén)已將漢語(yǔ)列為主流學(xué)校第二語(yǔ)言必修課。中國(guó)政府對(duì)海外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)工作也一向非常重視，專(zhuān)門(mén)成立了國(guó)家對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組，通過(guò)各種形式在世界各地推廣漢語(yǔ)?？鬃訉W(xué)院正是中國(guó)為了推廣漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)和傳播中華文化而設(shè)立的教育和文化交流的非營(yíng)利性公益機(jī)構(gòu)。學(xué)院由國(guó)家對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組管理，總部設(shè)在北京，境外的孔子學(xué)院都是其分支機(jī)構(gòu)。孔子學(xué)院不是開(kāi)設(shè)孔子思想課程的學(xué)校，而主要是向社會(huì)人士提供專(zhuān)門(mén)技能的漢語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)以及中文教師的教學(xué)能力培訓(xùn)，屬于非學(xué)歷教育。孔子學(xué)院截至目前已發(fā)展到40多所，覆蓋全球五大洲，預(yù)計(jì)未來(lái)幾年將達(dá)到100所以上。背景知識(shí)1.tip

n.pieceofadvice勸告，建議；pointedorthinendofsth.尖，尖端［例句］Thankyouforyourtiponhowtogetinkoutofthetablecloth.謝謝你教給我除掉桌布上墨跡的好辦法。Thebirdmeasured10inchesfromthetipofonewingtothetipoftheother.那只鳥(niǎo)兩翼張開(kāi)時(shí)有10英寸寬。v.togiveagiftofmoneytoaporter，waiter，taxidriver，etc.forpersonalservices給小費(fèi)［例句］Hetippedthewaitertendollars.他給餐廳服務(wù)員10美元小費(fèi)。［短語(yǔ)搭配］on/atthetipofone'stongue話到嘴邊，即將要說(shuō)某話Itwasonthetipofhertonguetoask.她差一點(diǎn)兒要開(kāi)口問(wèn)了。tipoff透露，向······提供情報(bào)Theinformertippedoffthepolicethatthecriminalswereplanningtorobthebank.有人向警察報(bào)告說(shuō)罪犯打算搶劫銀行。生詞講解2.opportunityn.favourabletimeorchance機(jī)會(huì)，時(shí)機(jī)［例句］YoushouldtakeeveryopportunitytopractiseyourEnglish.你應(yīng)該抓住每次練習(xí)英語(yǔ)的機(jī)會(huì)。Opportunityknocks(atthedoor)onlyonce.機(jī)不可失，時(shí)不再來(lái)。［短語(yǔ)搭配］attheearliest/firstopportunity一有機(jī)會(huì)Contactusattheearliestopportunity.一有機(jī)會(huì)就同我們聯(lián)系。［派生詞］opportunismn.機(jī)會(huì)主義“Left/Right”opportunism“左/右”傾機(jī)會(huì)主義opportunistn.機(jī)會(huì)主義者Heisapureopportunist.他是個(gè)十足的機(jī)會(huì)主義者。3.Thereisno/notmuchpointindoingsth.

nogoodreasonfordoingit沒(méi)有做某事的理由［例句］There'snopointinarguingfurther.沒(méi)有必要再爭(zhēng)論下去了。［短語(yǔ)搭配］beonthepointof正要（去做某事）Wewereonthepointoftelephoningyouwhenyoucamein.我們正要給你打電話，你就進(jìn)來(lái)了。4.inotherwords

thatis(tosay);thatmeans換句話說(shuō)，也就是說(shuō)［例句］Yousayyoutookthemoneywithouthispermission.Inotherwords，youstoleit.你說(shuō)你未經(jīng)同意拿了他的錢(qián)。也就是說(shuō)，你偷了他的錢(qián)。［短語(yǔ)搭配］ina/oneword簡(jiǎn)言之，總之Andrewishandsome，kindandpolite.Inaword，heisadmirable.安德魯既英俊、善良又有禮貌。總之是個(gè)討人喜歡的人。insomanywords直截了當(dāng)?shù)卣f(shuō)—Didshesayshelikedhim?她說(shuō)她喜歡他嗎？—Notinsomanywords.沒(méi)那么直截了當(dāng)?shù)卣f(shuō)。

5.gain

n.increaseinamountorpower增加，增進(jìn)［例句］Nothingventure，nothinggain/win.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。Thebabyhadagainoftwopoundslastmonth.這個(gè)嬰兒上月的體重增加了兩磅。v.toobtain;toincrease;toadd獲得，增加［例句］Hegainedfullmarksintheexamination.他考試得了滿分。Theclockgainsfiveminutesaday.這鐘每天快5分鐘。［短語(yǔ)搭配］gainon/upon趕上，跑到前頭Intherace，hegainedontheotherrunnersquiteeasily.在比賽中，他輕而易舉地超過(guò)了其他賽跑者。Thesecondhorseintheraceisgainingonthefirst.第二匹賽馬快要趕上前面那匹馬了。［派生詞］gainingn.收入，贏得之物［反義詞］losev.失去，損失Thisclockneithergainsnorloses.這鐘既不快也不慢。6.sortouttoputingoodorder;tosolve整理好；解決［例句］You'dbettersendthebusinessmanagerovertheretosortthesituationout.你最好派業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)理去那兒弄清情況。［短語(yǔ)搭配］sortwith符合，與······一致Suchconducthardlysortswithhispositionasagovernmentofficial.這種行為簡(jiǎn)直不符合他這種政府官員的身份。7.involve

v.togetintoacomplicatedordifficultcondition陷入，牽涉；包含［例句］Heisalreadyemotionallyinvolved.他已經(jīng)動(dòng)了真情了。［短語(yǔ)搭配］involvein使陷入，使?fàn)窟B進(jìn)去Don'tinvolveyourselfinunnecessaryexpense.勿做不必要的花費(fèi)。involvewith和······混在一起，和······有密切聯(lián)系Thisproblemiscloselyinvolvedwiththemanagementofschools.這個(gè)問(wèn)題和學(xué)校的管理密切相關(guān)。［派生詞］involveda.復(fù)雜的，不好懂的Themusicbecomesmoreinvolved.音樂(lè)變得更復(fù)雜難懂了。8.recognise/ze

v.toknow，(beableto)identifyagainthatonehasseen，heard，etc.before認(rèn)出，承認(rèn)；公認(rèn)［例句］Sherecognizedhimatonce.她立刻就認(rèn)出了他。IrecognizedthatheisclevererthanIam.我承認(rèn)他比我聰明。［短語(yǔ)搭配］recognizeas承認(rèn)是······，認(rèn)出是······Tomisrecognizedasthebestfootballerintheschool.湯姆被認(rèn)為是學(xué)校中最好的足球手。Theoldmanrecognizedhisdaughterashislawfulheir.那位老人認(rèn)定他的女兒為自己的合法繼承人。［派生詞］recognitionn.認(rèn)出，識(shí)別，承認(rèn)Shegavenosignofrecognitionoftheoldfriend.她絲毫沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出認(rèn)識(shí)那位老朋友。9.apply

v.toaskfor申請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)求;應(yīng)用［例句］Youmayapplyinpersonorbyletter.你親自或?qū)懶派暾?qǐng)均可。Therulecannotbeappliedineverycase.這個(gè)規(guī)則并非適用于所有的情形。［短語(yǔ)搭配］applyfor請(qǐng)求得到Theyapplyforpermissiontousethetenniscourt.他們申請(qǐng)借用網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)。Hundredsofcandidatesappliedfortheposition.有幾百人申請(qǐng)這個(gè)職位。applyto向······申請(qǐng)或要求；適用于Ihaveappliedtothebankerforaloan.我已經(jīng)向銀行申請(qǐng)了貸款。Idon'tthinkwhathesaysappliestoyouasmuchastous.我想他的話對(duì)你并不像對(duì)我們那樣適用。說(shuō)好英語(yǔ)的秘訣很簡(jiǎn)單，就是每天都要講英語(yǔ)并且利用一切機(jī)會(huì)練習(xí)使用你所學(xué)過(guò)的單詞。如果你不盡可能地說(shuō)英語(yǔ)、用英語(yǔ)，你的單詞量就不會(huì)得以積累。學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言和學(xué)習(xí)其他知識(shí)一樣，知道了為什么而學(xué)，學(xué)習(xí)起來(lái)才比較容易。也就是說(shuō)，“動(dòng)力”可以最大程度地幫助你輕松學(xué)英語(yǔ)。你要想清楚為什么要學(xué)英語(yǔ)，通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)你希望獲得什么？解決了這些問(wèn)題之后，就要確定學(xué)習(xí)的具體內(nèi)容了。在中國(guó)，英語(yǔ)是被當(dāng)作第二門(mén)語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)的，很多情況下是和考試聯(lián)系在一起的。所以你必須知道考試的要求，并且還要全身心地圍繞這些要求進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。這點(diǎn)是非常明確的，但是你為此所采用的學(xué)習(xí)方法就未必這樣明確。如果你學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)僅僅是為了應(yīng)付考試，你就會(huì)把大部分時(shí)間都花在學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言規(guī)則、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和增加詞匯量上。學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的幾點(diǎn)建議（1）參考譯文但是如果你學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的目的不是為了考試，而是為將來(lái)工作的需要，你所需要關(guān)注的將會(huì)是如何更好地運(yùn)用你所學(xué)的知識(shí)。要想做到這一點(diǎn)，最重要的就是要弄清楚中英文在使用方式上的區(qū)別。在學(xué)習(xí)第二門(mén)語(yǔ)言的初期，你會(huì)先用母語(yǔ)想好要說(shuō)的話，然后再把它們翻譯成外語(yǔ)；當(dāng)我們聽(tīng)別人說(shuō)話時(shí)，也自然而然地要把對(duì)方的話譯成我們的母語(yǔ)。任何人、任何語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)都是如此。要想真正地掌握好第二門(mén)語(yǔ)言，我們就要直接地用這種語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行思考，而不需要經(jīng)過(guò)上述的互譯過(guò)程。能達(dá)到這一效果的唯一方法就是不斷地進(jìn)行練習(xí)。我們要有取得成功的動(dòng)力，要堅(jiān)信會(huì)越來(lái)越好，并且每天都要計(jì)劃學(xué)習(xí)一些新的東西。這需要我們有決心、有計(jì)劃。另外這樣做還意味著我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中會(huì)犯這樣那樣的錯(cuò)誤，但是我們犯的每一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤都可以讓我們從中學(xué)到以前不知道的知識(shí)。TextComprehension

Answerthefollowingquestions.1.Itistopracticespeakingeverydayandtakeeveryopportunitytousethewordsweknow.2.MotivationcanmakethestudyofEnglisheasy.3.Topassexamsistheirmotivation.4.Firstofall，weshouldrecognizethedifferencesbetweenthewayournativeChineselanguageisusedandthewayEnglishisused.5.No，itisn't.6.Theonlywaythiswillhappenisthroughconstantpractice.7.EverymistakewemakeinlearningEnglishisagiftthatallowsustolearnsomethingwedidnotknowbefore.習(xí)題答案Vocabulary1.Fillintheblankswithwordsorphraseschosenfromthebox.Changetheformwherenecessary.1)applies2)process3)tips4)involved5)inotherwords6)constant7)succeeded8)sort...out9)isconcentratingon/concentratedon10)nopoint2.Completethefollowingsentences，usingthewordsorphrasesinbrackets.Makeadditionsorchangeswherenecessary.1)recognize，differences，isused2)tohave，tomake，much3)purpose，passingStructure1.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.1)Ifsheinvitesmetomorrow2)I’lltellhimthegoodnews3)asyougopastthepost4)mostofthecollegestudentswillgohome5)youwillsurelysucceed2.Rewritethefollowingsentencesusing“It”asthegrammaticalsubject.1)Itisagoodhabittogetupearly.2)Itisanurse'sdutytoservethepatientswholeheartedly.3)Itisimportantthatweshouldmasteroneforeignlanguageatleast.4)Itisdangerousplayingwithfire.5)Itishardworkkeepingthegrassgreeninwinter.TranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingwordsorexpressionsfromthetext.1)Don’tinvolvemeinyourquarrel.2)I’llleaveyoutosortthatout.3)Heglancedattheenvelopeandrecognizedhiswife'shandwritingatonce.4)Yousaidyoutookhismoneywithouthispermission，inotherwords，youstoleit.5)Pleasedon'tfocusyourangeronme.6)ThisbookisaboutWashington'scareerasasoldier.7)Thereisnopointinwastingtime.8)What’syourmotivationtostudyEnglish?Grammar1.Writeoutthepresentparticiples，pasttenseformsandpastparticiplesofthefollowingwords.WordPresentParticiplePastTensePastParticiplecomecomingcamecomediedyingdieddieddodoingdiddoneeateatingateeatenflyflyingflewflownreadreadingreadreadseeseeingsawseensitsittingsatsatwritewritingwrotewritten2.Changethefollowingsentencesfromtheactivevoiceintothepassivevoice.1)Mycomputerwillberepairedbymybrotherforme.2)“Theexercisehastobedoneinclass，”saidtheteacher.3)Mustalltheworkbedonebyme?4)Thefieldwasbeingplowedbythefarmer.5)Haveyoubeenpaidthemoney?6)Englishisspokeninmanycountriesoftheworld.7)Thebookisbeingreprintedbythepublisherforthesecondtime.8)Iwasgivenapresentbyhim.3.Foreachofthefollowingblanks，fourchoicesaregiven.Choosethemostappropriateone.1)B2)C3)A4)B5)A6)A7)A8)C9)D10)B11)A12)B13)A14)B15)B4.CorrectthewrongsentencesmarkedwithA，B，CandD.1)Bwent2)Cshouldhavegiven3)正確4)Cwillhavemoved5)Awilltell6)Cis7)Bwillbefinished8)Cwhen9)Cwould10)DhadleftWordBuildingCompletethefollowingsentenceswiththewordsgivenbelow.1.quasipublic2.quasimother3.quasicontract4.quasiofficial5.quasisovereign6.quasisatellite7.quasimilitary8.quasibrideSupplementaryExercisesConfusableWordsCompletethefollowingsentences.1.1)fault2)mistake3)mistake4)fault2.1)know2)recognize3)recognize4)knownPrepositionsandAdverbsFillintheblankswithproperprepositionsoradverbs.1)off2)around3)with4)against5)on6)besides7)by8)in9)over10)ofCloze1.B2.A3.B4.D5.A6.D7.B8.D9.A10.C

WithChineseasyournativelanguage,itismostimportanttounderstandthemajordifferencesbetweenthewaythatlanguageisusedandthewayEnglishisused.(1)Therearefourmajordifferences.Threeofthesedealwithgrammar,andtobecomefluentinEnglishthespeakerneedstorealisehowimportanttheseareinmakingoneselfunderstood.(2)

TENSES

InEnglish,everythingsaidorwrittenrelatestoaTense—therearethreebasictenses—PAST—PRESENT—andFUTURE.InordertobeunderstoodweneedtobeclearaboutwhichTensewearediscussing.WithoutgoingintothereallytechnicalaspectsofTenses,oneoftheeasiestwaystodeterminetheTensewhichhastobeusedistoapplythesimpletestofasking—“Hasithappened?”—“Isithappening?”—“Willithappen?”(3)TextB:TipsonLearningEnglish(2)

課文

Ifithas“happenED”—itisPastTense；ifit“happenING”—itisPresentTense；andifit“WILLhappen”—itisFutureTense.UnlesswegettheTensescorrect,ourcommunicationmayoftenbemisunderstood.

SINGULARANDPLURAL

ThisisanotherimportantaspectofEnglishthattendstobeconfusingtoEnglishspeakers—nativespeakersaswellaslearners.ManyEnglishwordschangetheirmeaningwhenoneortwolettersareadded—especiallytheletters“s”and“es”whichareusedtochangeSingularintoPlural.Withsomeotherwords,thespellingandthuspronunciationwillchangecompletely.Forexamplea“person”meansasinglepersonwhile“people”alwaysreferstomorethanoneperson.

THELITTLEWORDSOFENGLISH

Therearemany“l(fā)ittle”wordsinEnglishthatactinawaywhichisquitedifferenttotheChineselanguage.(4)Theyareliketheoilinacarengine—helpmakethelanguageflowsmoothly.Iftheyarenotproperlyused,theEnglishlanguagebecomes“stiff”and“rough,”anditisanobvioussignthatthespeakerdoesn'tknowthelanguageverywell.

These“l(fā)ittle”wordsarenormallyonlyone,twoorthreeletterssuchas“the”，“and”，“so”，“a”，“an”，“is”，“as”，“or”andsoon.Ifyoucanmastertheproperuseofthesecommon“l(fā)ittle”wordsyouwillbewellonthepathwaytousinggoodEnglish.

IDIOMS

OrdinaryeverydayEnglishcontainsmanymany

formsofidiomaticwordsandphrases.TheuseofIdiomscanbeverydifficultforlearners,becausethemeaningofthewordsusedinIdiomsalmostneverhasthesamemeaningasinthedictionary.(5)UnderstandingIdiomswillonlycomewithtimeandconstantuseoftheEnglishlanguage.Thebestadviceyoucanbegiven,asalearner,isnottouseIdioms.Ifyouarenotsureoftheirmeaning,ortheirproperuse,youwillprobablyconfuseyourlisteners，andiftheydon'tknowtheIdiom,theyprobablywon'tunderstandwhatyouaretryingtosayanyway.

（479words）NewWordsandPhrasesnativea.本國(guó)的，本土的

majora.較大的，重要的

n.主修課程vi.主修

dealwith論述，涉及；處理

realise(realize)vt.認(rèn)識(shí)到，體會(huì)到；實(shí)現(xiàn)

relateto和······有關(guān)；和······相處得好

basica.基本的，基礎(chǔ)的

inorderto以便，為了*singularn.單數(shù)a.奇異的；單一的

pluraln.復(fù)數(shù)a.復(fù)數(shù)的

tendto(towards)向······傾，傾向于，有······的趨勢(shì)

confusevt.混淆，分不清

aswellas既······又，除······之外（還），也

especiallyad.特別，尤其，格外生詞

completelyad.完全地，徹底地

referto指的是；查閱

enginen.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，引擎；機(jī)車(chē)

stiffa.硬的，拉緊的

rougha.粗糙的；粗魯?shù)?/p>

normallyad.正常地，通常地

mastervt.掌握，精通n.主人；(M-)碩士

commona.普通的，平常的；公共的*pathwayn.路徑，小路*idiomn.成語(yǔ)，習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)

ordinarya.通常的，普通的

containvt.含有；容納

formn.形式，形狀；表格v.形成，構(gòu)成

idiomatica.慣用語(yǔ)的，成語(yǔ)的

comewith隨同······而來(lái)1.majora.greaterormoreimportant較大的，主要的［例句］majorroads要道amajoroperation大手術(shù)NewYorkisamajorAmericanport.紐約是美國(guó)的一大港口。v.tospecializein(acertainsubject)atcollegeoruniversity主修［例句］Whatdoyouplantomajorin?你準(zhǔn)備主修什么專(zhuān)業(yè)？n.subjectmajoredin主修學(xué)科［例句］Hismajorischemistry.他的主修科目是化學(xué)。［短語(yǔ)搭配］majorin主修ChristinamajoredineconomicsatHarvard.克里斯蒂在哈佛主修經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)。生詞講解2.dealwithtohaverelationswith;totreat與······相處;處理［例句］Heseemedtobequick-tempered，butwasactuallynotdifficulttodealwith.他似乎性子急躁,但實(shí)際上并不難相處。ThisbookdealswithWestAfrica.這是一本關(guān)于西非的書(shū)。［短語(yǔ)搭配］agood(great)dealof大量，許多Ispentagreatdealofmoneyonbooks.我花了大量的錢(qián)買(mǎi)書(shū)。Thegovernmentattachesagooddealofimportancetoeducation.政府對(duì)教育予以高度的重視。3.relate

v.totell(astory,etc.tosb.)orgiveanaccountof講故事，敘述［例句］SherelatedtheexperienceofaChinesegirlintheUnitedStates.她講述了一個(gè)中國(guó)姑娘在美國(guó)的經(jīng)歷。［短語(yǔ)搭配］relateto與······有關(guān)Theseregulationsrelateonlytopeopleundertheageofeighteen.這些規(guī)則僅適用于18歲以下者。Weareinterestedinwhatrelatestoourselves.我們對(duì)與自己有關(guān)的事情感到關(guān)注。4.inordertodosth.withthepurposeofdoingsth.為了做某事［例句］Heissavingasmuchaspossibleinordertobuyanewcar.為了買(mǎi)車(chē)，他盡可能地?cái)€錢(qián)。［短語(yǔ)搭配］inorder按順序，井井有條Lineupandwalktothelecturehallinorder.排好隊(duì)，并按順序走到演講廳。John'sfathersoonputhisbikeinorder.約翰的父親很快把他的自行車(chē)修好了。outoforder壞了，不合規(guī)定Theliftisoutoforder.電梯壞了。5.confuse

v.toputintodisorder，mistakeonethingforanother使混亂，弄混淆［例句］Theyaskedsomanyquestionsthattheyconfusedme.他們問(wèn)了許多問(wèn)題，把我都弄糊涂了。Eventhefamilyconfusedthetwins.甚至家里人也分不清那對(duì)孿生子。［短語(yǔ)搭配］confuse...with...混淆，辨不清Thelittleboyconfusedabutterflywithamoth.那個(gè)小男孩分不清蝴蝶與飛蛾。Don'tconfuseAustriawithAustralia.不要把奧地利與澳大利亞弄混了。6.refer

v.tohandover;tospeakof呈交，談及；引······去參考（或查詢(xún)）［例句］IwasreferredtotheInquiryOffice.人家叫我去問(wèn)訊處詢(xún)問(wèn)。Thosequestionsshouldbereferredtoexperts.那些問(wèn)題應(yīng)該提交給專(zhuān)家處理。［短語(yǔ)搭配］referto談到，關(guān)于Theauthorreferredtohisteacherseveraltimesinhisarticle.作家在文章中多次提到他的老師。Ihadnoideawhatshereferredto.我不知道她指的是什么。7.commona.usualandordinary普通的，常見(jiàn)的；公共的［例句］Pinetreesarecommoninmanypartsoftheworld.樹(shù)在世界上許多地方都很常見(jiàn)。［短語(yǔ)搭配］incommon共同的，公有的Ihaven'tathingincommonwithmyfather.我和我父親沒(méi)有共同之處。outofthecommon異乎尋常，不平常Thedoorguardhadnoticednothingoutofthecommon.門(mén)衛(wèi)沒(méi)發(fā)現(xiàn)異常情況。8.advice

n.opinionaboutwhattodo勸告，建議［例句］Youwon'tgetwellunlessyoufollowyourdoctor'sadvice.如果你不遵守醫(yī)囑，你將不會(huì)痊愈。I'vecometoaskyouforadvice.我來(lái)征求你的意見(jiàn)。［短語(yǔ)搭配］actonsb.’sadvice按某人的勸告行事Actingonyouradvice，Ihavedecidedtoreadthearticleoncemore.按照你的勸告，我決定把這篇文章再讀一遍。對(duì)于母語(yǔ)是漢語(yǔ)的你來(lái)說(shuō)，弄清楚中英文在使用方式上的主要區(qū)別是非常重要的。它們之間有四種主要區(qū)別，其中的三種與語(yǔ)法有關(guān)。要想熟練地掌握英語(yǔ)，讓別人聽(tīng)懂你所說(shuō)的話，你必須認(rèn)識(shí)到這三點(diǎn)區(qū)別的重要性。時(shí)態(tài)在英語(yǔ)中，無(wú)論是口頭語(yǔ)言還是書(shū)面表達(dá)都與時(shí)態(tài)相關(guān)。英語(yǔ)中有三種基本時(shí)態(tài)，即：過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)。要想讓別人明白我們所說(shuō)（寫(xiě)）的內(nèi)容，我們必須要清楚地知道使用何種時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表達(dá)。判斷使用什么時(shí)態(tài)最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是提出下列問(wèn)題并作出回答：“發(fā)生了嗎？”“正在發(fā)生嗎？”“將要發(fā)生嗎？”，而無(wú)需動(dòng)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。如果已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，要用“過(guò)去時(shí)”；正在發(fā)生，用“現(xiàn)在時(shí)”；將要發(fā)生，則用“將來(lái)時(shí)”。如果時(shí)態(tài)使用不當(dāng)，別人就會(huì)誤解我們所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容。名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)這是英語(yǔ)中另一個(gè)重要內(nèi)容，無(wú)論是講英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的人還是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者在這點(diǎn)上都很容易感到費(fèi)解。很多英語(yǔ)單詞加上一兩個(gè)字母之后意思就改變了，特別是字母“s”和“es”，它們用來(lái)將名詞的單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的幾點(diǎn)建議（2）參考譯文還有一些詞，它們的復(fù)數(shù)形式與單數(shù)形式的拼寫(xiě)以及發(fā)音是完全不同的。例如：“person”一詞的意思是“一個(gè)人”，而“people”指的卻是“人們”（多于一個(gè)人）。拼寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)潔的英語(yǔ)單詞英語(yǔ)中有很多拼寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)潔的單詞，這些單詞在句中的作用與中文不同。它們就像汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中的潤(rùn)滑油一樣令語(yǔ)言流暢。如果使用不當(dāng)就會(huì)使英語(yǔ)顯得“生硬呆板”，同時(shí)也表明說(shuō)話人的英語(yǔ)還不夠精通。這些單詞通常只有一兩個(gè)或者三個(gè)字母，例如：“ｔｈｅ”，“ａｎｄ”，“ｓｏ”，“ａ”，“ａｎ”，“ｉｓ”，“ａｓ”，“ｏｒ”等等。如果你能正確地使用這些常用詞，你的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)會(huì)很自如得體。習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)在日常用語(yǔ)中有很多很多的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。對(duì)于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者來(lái)說(shuō)，習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)是很難掌握的，因?yàn)榱?xí)慣用語(yǔ)中單詞的意思往往在字典中是查不到的。只有在長(zhǎng)期不斷的英語(yǔ)實(shí)踐中才能掌握這些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。送給你一條最好的建議：作為英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者，不要去使用習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。因?yàn)槿绻銓?duì)習(xí)語(yǔ)的含義或用法不了解，你會(huì)讓聽(tīng)者感到迷惑不解；如果對(duì)方不熟悉習(xí)語(yǔ)，他們對(duì)你所說(shuō)的話也會(huì)感到莫名其妙。TextComprehension1.Choosethebestanswerforeachofthefollowingquestions.1)D2)B3)D4)D5)C6)B2.TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesinthepassageintoChinese.1)對(duì)于母語(yǔ)是漢語(yǔ)的你來(lái)說(shuō)，弄清楚中英文在使用方式上的主要區(qū)別是非常重要的。2)其中的三種與語(yǔ)法有關(guān)。要想熟練地掌握英語(yǔ)，讓別人聽(tīng)懂你所說(shuō)的話，你必須認(rèn)識(shí)到這三點(diǎn)區(qū)別是多么的重要。3)判斷使用什么時(shí)態(tài)最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是提出下列問(wèn)題并作出回答：“發(fā)生了嗎？”“正在發(fā)生嗎？”“將要發(fā)生嗎？”，而無(wú)需動(dòng)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。4)英語(yǔ)中有很多拼寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)潔的單詞，這些單詞在句中的作用與中文不同。5)對(duì)于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者來(lái)說(shuō)，習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)是很難掌握的，因?yàn)榱?xí)慣用語(yǔ)中單詞的意思往往在字典中是查不到的。

習(xí)題答案ReadingSkillReadthefollowingpassage,andthenanswerthequestionsafterit.1.Inthelast20years，thepercentageofchildrenandadolescentsintheUnitedStateswhoareoverweighthasnearlytripled，nowaccountingfor15%of12to17yearolds.2.Attentionhasbeenplacedonschoolsandtheirroleinhelpingchildrenadoptmorehealthfuldietsandlifestyle.3.CWriting1.Combinethesentenceswithand，or，butorso.1)TherewasnooneathomesoIwenttothecinema.2)Putonmoreclothesoryouwillcatchacold.3)MymotherteachesEnglishandmyfatherteachesanatomy.4)Allofusworkedveryhardsotheworkwasdoneinashorttime.5)Hewantstobuyacarbuthehasn'tenoughmoney.2.Combinethesentenceswithbecause，when，until，solongas，asif.1)Ican'ttellyouanythingaboutthepatientbecauseIhaven'tgotthedoctor'sinstruction.2)HespeaksEnglishfluentlyasifhewereanEnglishman.3)Theboy