英語專業(yè)本科畢業(yè)論文

經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！OntheImageofSatanin“ParadiseLost”byYiShaAthesissubmittedinpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementsforthedegreeofBachelorofArtsintheEnglishDepartmentofForeignLanguageSchoolofShanghaiJianqiaoCollegeMarch2012ABSTRACTJohnMiltonisoneofthefamouswritersduringthewholeEnglishhistory.Hismasterpiece,ParadiseLos,wasundoubtedlyamilestoneinEnglishliterature.Hehadcreatedaspecialimage,andthatmadepeopleobtainaverydifferentangletorevisittheevilone,Satan.HisepicmadeSatanmorevivid,morehumanized,andmadehimaspecialheroinsomeaspects.JohnselectedaperiodofarticletodescribeSatanseloquencetowardshisfollowers,whichpresentsMiltonsownideaandspirit.Hiswordshadshownhislifelongloveoffreedom,andimpliedthattherevolutionwillbefailedbyusingviolence.ThatswhytheSataninhismasterpiecehasakindofcontradictioninhismasterpiece.Helovedfreedom,buthecouldntgetfreedombymeansofviolence.AndSatanwasstillaloserinthewholestory.AlthoughMiltonusedakindofpositiveattitudetodescribeSatan,hisevilcharacteristicdidn’tchangeallthetime.Keywords:hero,freedom,Satan,failure摘要約翰·彌爾頓，是英語文化歷史上最有名的之一。他的杰作——《失樂是梟雄。彌爾頓選用了一長段的篇幅來描寫撒旦對他的追隨者所說的一場雄辯，他想到的。句和情節(jié)來形容撒旦，但是該角色的邪惡本質(zhì)從未有所改變。關(guān)鍵詞：英雄、自由、撒旦、失敗IITableofContents1Introduction12SataninParadiseLost12.1SatanasanIndependentImage······································································32.2The“Hero”Satan···························································································32.3Satan’sContradiction·····················································································43DifferencesBetweenSataninBibleandtheBook43.1SatanWastheCongregationofAlltheSinsinBible···································43.2SatanWastheHeroinParadiseLost·······························································53.3TheDifferencesBetweentheTwoImages·····················································6AnalysisoftheReasonsWhyPeopleThoughtSatanaHeroicImageinParadiseLost6TheSataninParadiseLostisMoreHumanizedthanThatinGeneral64LinksandtheBackgroundBetweentheSocietyandtheBook64.1ThePresentationofDifferentClassesofEveryImage·····································64.2TheCombinationofMilton’sOwnWill····························································7FreedomistheMainThemeoftheWholeBook7FailureistheDoomedConclusionof“Satan”85Conclusion8References10Acknowledgements11IIIOntheImageofSatanin“ParadiseLost”1IntroductionWhileShakespearewasstillwritinghisgreatplays,anothergreatEnglishpoetwasborninLondon.HewasJohnMilton.HisfatherwasaPuritan,buthelovedmusicandtaughtlittleJohntoloveit,also,thebooks.Thegreatepic,ParadiseLost,costhimsevenyears,whichwasbasedonthestoryofhowSatanrebelledagainstGodandhowAdamandEveweredrivenoutofEden.Thepoemconsistingoftwelvebooks,ismarkedfoeitsintricateandcontradictorycomposition.Afterfinishingthisgreatpoem,JohnMiltonwroteParadiseRegainedandaplaytellingthestoryofSamson,thechampionofIsrael,who,likeMiltonhimself,passedhislastdaysinblindness.2SataninParadiseLostParadiseLostisthemasterpieceofJohnMilton,thegreatpoet,thinkerandpoliticalcommentatorofEnglandinthe17thcentury.Itisalongepicin12books,writteninblankverse.ThestorywastakenfromtheOldTestament:thecreationoftheearthandAdamandEve,thefallenangelsinhellplottingagainstGod,Satan’stemptationofEve,andthedepartureofAdamandEvefromEden.Satanandhisfollowersarebanishedfromheavenanddrivenintohell,butSatanandhisadherentsarenotdiscouraged.Thepainfulpunishment,insteadofrubbingofftheirwill,arousedtheirdeepanger.Thepoemwastotellpeople,“tojustifythewaysofGodtoman”.ThemasterpiecewastheproductofPuritanism,whichhaspresentedhisownwillandbeliefsoffreedom.IvetakengreatinterestintheimageofSatanwhichMiltonhasdescribedintheepic.TheSataninhisepicissodifferentfromtheBibleandotherbooks.InParadiseLost,Satanisanindependentimagewhichcanbeseparatedandbediscussedinadifferentangleduringthewholeliteraturehistory.IthinkthespecialimageofSatanisthereflectionoftheauthor,whoadvocatedfreedomandatthesametime,presentedakindofcontradiction,andalsothereflectionofthesocietythattime.ThispointhasappearedinmanyarticleswhichIhaveread,writtenbyChenWeihong1andProfessorXiaoMinghanstwoarticles(1999&2011)Theyallthinkthat:1.TheSataninParadiseLostisfullofheroism,becauseofhisrebelliouscharacterandtheadherenceoffreedom.2.ThesecharacteristicsmadeSatananeclecticimage,andmadeGodalittlebitnegative.Xiaostwoarticlesindicatedthatthespecialimagedoesn’tcomefromtheBible,butcomesfromhimself.ThewordsanddeedsSatandidinthehell,andthemainreasonsofhisbetrayingarethefeatureswhichhelpedMiltontodescribeSatanintoapersonalizedimage.ThemostimportantpointinSatanscharacteristicishisindomitablewill,whateversituationhewasin,hehadneverchangedthisnature.Anotherauthorsarticlealsoelaboratedthiskindofview,thatis,SataninParadiseLostisvividandclear.Satansbetray,inanoppositeplace,isthestrongwilltopursuefreedom,andresistanceofGodsslavery.Andthecontradictionwasalsopresentedbyhim.Hisimagehasduality,themixofpositiveandnegative.WeallthoughtSatanwasthemosteviloneintheBible,orwecansaythatSatanwasthecongregationofallthesins.InBible,Satansnamemeansobstruct,hinder,sGodsenemy,aneverlastingpervert.Theresanimportantinherarticle,andalso,ithasbeenmentionedinXiaospaper.Theviewis:Satantabornsinner.Hissinandhisbitternessaretheresultsofhisfreechoice.AdamandEvesbetraycomesfromthedesireofknowledge.Afterthepunishment,theyknewhowtodistinguishrightfromwrong,andbegantobegGodsforgiveness.Itwasafterthebaptismofevilthatthegoodwillbemoreprecious.ThelastpartisaboutMiltonsownidea,whichhascombinedwithSatan.Everyimagehehadmadeisapresentationofdifferentclassesinthesocietyatthattime.InthepaperofHuangDelin,hehaspointedtheviewthatSatanisMiltonsownreflection,andalso,inChenJinxisarticle,hesaidthatthepoemisthereflectionofthepeoplesspiritualcondition.MiltoncombinedhismasterpiecewiththePuritanrevolution.GodpresentedtheCromwellgovernment,orthedictatorshipofEngland;Satanpresentedtheforceofrevolution.ItwasMilton,whowasaloyalpuritanandhadrealizedthathappinessmustbeonthebasisoffreedom,buttherevolutioncantgettherealfreedom.Therevolutionmustbeafailureinhisopinion.ThatswhySatanhasakindofcontradiction,helovedfreedom,buthecouldntgetfreedombyviolentmeans.Theseideashaveappearedintheprefaceofatranslationversionwhichwas2translatedbyJinFashen.’remanyideasoftheimagesinParadiseLost,discussingabouttheirmeaningsandpresentations.Ithasleftsoprofoundaninfluenceontheliteraturehistory,andIwilldoananalysisonthisgreatepic.2.1SatanasanIndependentImageInthisepic,theimageofSatanisthemostcontroversialimage.ThecontroversyabouttheimageofSataninParadiseLostrelatestotheinnernatureofSatanarewhetherheistheheroorthedevilintheepic.Inthewholeliteraturehistory,manypeoplethoughtSataninParadiseLostisaspecialimage.Hehassomethinglikehero,whichincarnatedinhiswordsinfirsttwovolume.JohnMilton’sParadiseLost,withitsgraphicdepictionsofarebelliousSatanbeinghurledfromHeaventoearth,greatlypopularizedtheimageofapersonalSatan.Satancouldbeanindependentimageinthemasterpiece,mostlyowetohisdeclamationtoshowhisfirmwill.Heseemstobealmostheroicintheearlierportionofthepoem,grandandmajesticinappearance,fearlessincharacter.However,asthestorydevelops,Satan’simagechangedsignificantly.ThemostimportantnatureofSatanishisambivalence.ThisfactormadetheimageofSatanglitterfromthewholebook,andbecameareallypartwhichisdeservedtobestudied.2.2The“Hero”SatanPeoplealwaysthoughtSataninParadiseLosthasmadeaheroicimpression.ButitisakindofmisapprehensionbecauseofthewordswhichSatansaidinthebook.InTheOdyssey,HomerletsOdysseusgiveaspeechthatwouldconvinceanyonetheycouldsurvivethejourneytotheStraitofMessina,Thenwediewithoureyesopen,ifwearegoingtodie,orknowwhatdeathwebaffleifwecan.(ln.1243-1245)Odysseusagainliftstheirspiritswiththisspeech,Garcia2Friends,haveweeverbeenindangerbeforethis?Morefearsome,isitnow,thanwhentheCyclopspennedusinhiscave?Whatpowerhehad!DidInotkeepmynerve,andusemywitstofindawayoutforus?…Headsup,lads!WemustnowobeyordersasIgivethem.(Milton,1667,1294-1302頁)HereOdysseusshowsthetrueabilityofaherotolead3inthefaceofadversity.Satan,asanygoodleaderwould,quicklyallayshiscompanion’sfearwithmorespeech.Duringthespeech,SatancastsdoubtsaboutGod’ssupremacyandboldlystatesthattheyarebetteroffwheretheyare.Hereatleastweshallbefree…Herewemayreignsecure…BettertoreigninHell,thanserveinHeaven.(Milton,1667,258-263頁)ThemostinfluentialnaturepointsofSatanthroughoutthewholeepicandalsostickinthecharacteristic,hardbosom,independentintellectuality,andhisownpower.ThesethreepointsalltookeffectivenessonSatan,whichmadeSatanlookslikeahero.2.3Satan’sContradictionThereisamostattractivepointinthewholecharacteristicofSatan,whichishiscontradiction,combinedwithevilandthegreatwilloffreedom.AlthoughMiltoncouldnotbutsympathizewithsomeheroicqualitiesofSatan,hehadnotintendedtoturnadevilintoapurehero:adevilisadevil.InParadiseLost,however,atleastinthefirstseveralbooks,acharacterizationofSatanisportrayedinwhichtheaudiencefeelssympathyandfraternitywithSatan'scharacter.InadditiontoananalysisofGod'sandSatan'scharacters,therearetwoperspectivesonthecontentofParadiseLostwhichshowwheretheconflictinthereader'sperceptionevolves.AlthoughSatanhavemadeaprofoundimpressionofherointhefirsttwobooks,hestillevilsastheoriginalstoryhadtold.AdamandEve,areseducedbySatanandmadetosuffertherefrom.ItisSatansstrongwillofchasingfreedomthatmadehimbecamesuchkindofevilangel.3DifferencesBetweenSataninBibleandtheBook3.1SatanWastheCongregationofAlltheSinsinBibleInBible,Satanisahundred-percentdemon,notonlybecauseofheseducedhumanbutalsobecauseofhisbetraying.Ourunderstandingofthebasicspiritualrealitiesoftheuniversewouldnotbecompletewithoutalsounderstandingsomething4concerningSatanandhisforces.SatanisthegreatenemyofGodwhorebelledatthefoundationoftheearth.Satanisthereforetheauthorofevil.HischiefdesireistoreceivetheworshipthatbelongsonlytoGodtheCreator(Matt.4:8-10;Rev.13:4).Healsoworksinhishatredagainstmankindtodestroythemasmuchashecanfortimeandeternity.Fear,hateandpridearethemajormotivationsinSatan'skingdom.ThatswhatBibletoldpeopletodefineSatanasanevilinthisuniverse.3.2SatanWastheHeroinParadiseLostIntheepic,Satanwasdescribedasanimagewhichstickstohisbeliefandhedaredtofightforhisbelovedfreedom.Thesepro-SatanistspraiseSatan’shighsuperiornatureandtakehimastherealherooftheepic.AttheemblemofParadiseLos,Satangivesavehementspeechwhichattractsnumerousreadersforhundredsofyears.“Thatglorynevershallhiswrathormight.Extortfromme.Tobowandsueforgrace.Withsuppliantknee,anddeifyhispowerwho,fromtheterrorofthisarm,solate.DoubtedHisempire:thatwerelowindeed.Thatwasanignominyandshamebeneath.Thisdownfall,since,byfate,thestrengthofgods.Andthisempyrealsubstance,cannotfail.Thelinesarepowerfulandcourageous.PeoplecaneasilyfindoutthatSatansambitionbecameapparent,andalso,hisstrugglespiritandindependentcharacteristics.GoingthroughtheseventeenthcenturyPuritanismandtheEnglishRevolution,Miltonnaturallyaddedpoliticalcolorstohisworksandtotheimageshecreated.ThecauseforwhichhefoughtforthewholelifecausedhimtoendowSatanmoreorlesswithrevolutionaryspirit.Thepoet’spassionandsympathyfortherevolutionaremirroredinhisdepictionofSatanandhisrebellion.53.3TheDifferencesBetweentheTwoImagesAnalysisoftheReasonsWhyPeopleThoughtSatanaHeroicImageinParadiseLostThelaterthoughtSataninParadiseLostcanbeanheroicimagebecausehedaretofightagainstGod,anddidntfearGodspower,whoalwaysinsistsonhisownwill,justlikeMiltonhimself.JohnMiltonwasbroughtthroughaPuritanfamily,thechildhoodandthesocietythatwas,givehimvitalityandtenacityinhispersonality,whichwasalsoexternalizedinthewordsofSatan:“Princes,potentates,theflowerofHeaven,onceyours,nowlost.Ifsuchastonishmentasthiscanseizeeternalspirits!Awake,arise,orbeforeverfallen.”[9]Thoughdefeated,Satanstillkeepshis“unconquerablewill”.Here,Satanisnotonlyamilitaryleader,rousinghisrebelangelsfromtheirangelicstatebutalsoisaskillfulpolitician,employingthefiercelanguageofresistanceashecontinuesunrepentant,todefyGod.TheSataninParadiseLostisMoreHumanizedthanThatinGeneralInBibleandinmostofpeoplesidea,Satanisacongregationofevil,butinParadiseLost,Satanbecameavividimagewhichcantouchourreaders.Inthelaterstory,afterAdamandEvehavebeendeducedbySatan,andtheywereallbeenpunished,Satanbecametothinkaboutwhathehaddonetothepeople,andhewaspainfulaboutwhathehaddone.ThiskindofdescriptionmakesSatanlooksnotthatbastard,butmorehumanizedthantheBiblesaid.AllofwhatwehavereadaboutSataninParadiseLostaybehesanevil,hehadambitions;orsometimeshesahero,hehadstrongwillandpowerfulspeeches.Undoubtedly,Sataninthebookismorevividthaneverbefore.4LinksandtheBackgroundBetweentheSocietyandtheBook4.1ThePresentationofDifferentClassesofEveryImageInthebook,Miltondescribedeveryimageverywell,andasweallknow,theepicisthereflectionofthesocietyMiltonlived,soeveryimagehasitsown6presentation.MiltonwasaPuritan,whowasveryloyaltohisbelief.Hisstrongwilloffreedomhadshownthoroughlythroughoutthebook.Apparently,Godrepresentstheauthority.GodisanotherbestdrawnofMilton’scharacters.ThosewhoappreciateSatantreatGodasatyrantandegoistwhilethosewhocondemnthatSatanjustifyGodandtakehimasamerciful,justandlenientauthority.ThepoetalsopointsoutfromAbdiel’smouththatobediencetoGodisnotservility,buttheonlywayofwinningfreedom.Onlythosedefyingtheirsuperiorsandstartingarebellionareservileandinferior.AndhowaboutAdamandEve,theydeducedbySatanandhavebeenpunishedbyGod,likealltheordinarypeople,allthecivilianclass,theycantfightagainsttheauthority,butlivedbythemselves.ThatswhyParadiseecamesofamous,thoughthestorywasassameasBibletold,becauseofitsownstandingmeaningfulbackground.4.2ThebinationofMiltonnWillFreedomistheMainThemeoftheWholeBookIfyouhaveknownsomethingaboutMilton,youwillfindoutthathislifewasnotthatfavorablebeforehedidthismasterpiece.Inthatsociety,helovedfreedomverymuch.Freedomasatheme,hasthroughoutthewholeepic.ThebookiscloselyrelatedtoMiltonsownlifeexperience.Hewasagreatman,whoneverrebelhisbeliefandwillinsistonhiswill.Milton’sdisagreementwiththeold-fashionedteachingmethodsisbestreferredtodisobediencetofeudalisticforce,justasSatan’srebellionagainstGodandheavenlywarfare:“Wemaywithmoresuccessfulhoperesolve.Towagebyforceorguileeternalwar.Irreconcilabletoourgrandfoe,whonowtriumphs,andintheexcessofjoy.SolereigningholdsthetyrannyofHeaven.”Insteadofwithdrawingfromsociety,Miltonremainedactive,nolongerparticipatingdirectlyinpolitics,butcontinuingtohostforeignvisitorsandtoworkcloselywithfriendsandacquaintances.Theresultofhisthinkingissucharebellious7andheroicimageofSatan.Healwayschasingthefreedom,likeSatanalwaystookstepswantedtogetridofGodsdominion.FailureistheDoomedonclusionof“Satan”Miltonwasaloyalpuritanandhadrealizedthathappinessmustonthebasisoffreedom,buttherevolutioncantgettherealfreedom,therevolutionmustbeafailureinhisopinion.Satanwasthepresentationoftherevolutionaryclass.LearningtheEnglishhistory,weknow,thePuritanRevolutionwasafailure,thatsjustgoinglikeMiltonimpliedinthebook,violenceisnotagoodmethodtotakeoverthetime.Miltonwasapuritan.Althoughhedidntsatisfiedwiththecrown,buthedidntappreciatetheviolencewaytosolvetheconflict,either.Maybethiskindofideawasnotthatcorrectinreaders’eyes,butactually,intheway,warwillneverbringhappiness.macroscopical5ConclusionTheBibleisnotjustrelevanttoMiltonasa'literary'source.Aswe'veseeninthepageonMilton'sReligiousContext,inparticular,itwasoftenusedtobackuppointsofviewoncontroversialmatters,sincetheBiblewasacceptedbymostpeopleasanauthoritativesource.MiltonquotesheavilyfromtheBibleinhispamphletsagainstbishopsgoverningtheChurch,hispamphletsinfavorofdivorce,andhiswritingsdefendingtheexecutionoftheking.Throughouthistory,JohnMilton’sParadiseLost,especiallyhischaracterizationoftheimageofSatanhasbeenstudiedbymanypeopleandcomprehendedinmanydifferentways,developingallkindsofnewinterpretations.Ononeside,therearethosewhosaythatSatanisthetruehe