高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)-動詞和動詞時態(tài)

Verb

Tenses

and

Voice

(

There

is

a

sheet

below

to

show

the

16-basic

structures

of

Verb

tensesdo

as

example)

Present

Simple I

do

Past

I

did

Future

I

shall

do;

You

will

do

Past

future

I

should

do;

I

would

do

Continuous

I

am

doing;

you

are

doing

I

was

doing;

you

were

doing

I

shall

be

doing;

you

will

be

doing

I

should

be

doing

I

have

done; I

shall

have

done;

I

had

done

Perfect I

should

have

done

he

has

done you

will

have

done

I

have

been

Perfect doing;

he

has

been

continuous I

had

been

doing

doing

I

shall

have

been

doing

I

should

have

been

doing

一般現(xiàn)在時

通

1. 一般現(xiàn)在時表示習(xí)慣性、

在的、反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài)，

常與其連用的時間狀語有：

always/

usually/

often/

sometimes/

now/

seldom/

every

day/

once

a

month/

now

and

then/

occasionally

等。

She

is

out

of

danger

now.

She

often

goes

on

long

walks.

I

visit

my

grandmotheronce

a

month.

It

seldom

snows

here.

2. 表示客觀存在的真理或事實(shí)，由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，一般時態(tài)保持不變。

The

day

before

yesterday

I

was

told

that

in

time

of

danger

one's

mind

works

fast.

Light

travels

faster

than

sound.

3. 表示主語目前的特征、性格或發(fā)生在說話時的感覺或狀態(tài)。

She

majors

in

English.

The

box

contains

a

necklace.

It

seems

you

are

right.

I

regret

my

ignorance(無知、愚昧)

on

the

subject.

4.

在連詞

when/

while/

if/

unless/

as

soon

as

等引導(dǎo)的表示將來行為的時間或條件狀語從句

中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時；但是如果從句中的

will

表示“意愿”，則可以

保留

will，此時的

will

僅僅是情態(tài)動詞，而沒有時態(tài)意義。

I

will

give

her

the

massage

when

shecomes.

If

we

hurry,

we

may

catch

the

bus.

5. 少數(shù)表示動作起止的動詞也可以用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時，表示一個按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃

或安排要求發(fā)生的動作。

The

plane

for

Canada

departs

at

9:15

am.

The

programme

ends

at

11:10

pm.

6.

在某些以

here，there

開頭的句子中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)：

Here

comes

the

bus!

There

goes

a

thief.

7.

用于文章標(biāo)題、戲劇、電影等的劇本或圖片的文字說明中：

Hundreds

of

people

die

in

the

earthquake.(新聞標(biāo)題)

When

the

curtain

rises,

Juliet

is

sitting

at

her

desk.(戲劇旁白)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

，

1． 表示在說話的瞬間正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作或者當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動情況或現(xiàn)階段正

在進(jìn)行的動作（在說話時不一定是正在進(jìn)行）。

在句中往往有

now/

just

now（就在此時）等時間狀語或是像Look！等提示語，有的則是

通過上下文暗示某動作正在進(jìn)行。Be+doing

2．

與

always/

constantly/

continually/

forever/

all

the

time

等表示時間的副詞連用，表示說話

人對主語的行為表示贊嘆、贊許、表揚(yáng)、抱怨、厭惡等情緒，體現(xiàn)出一定的感情色彩。

He

is

constantly

leaving

his

things

about.

表示不滿

She

is

always

asking

the

same

question.

表示厭惡

He

is

always

thinking

of

others.

表示贊許

3． 表示來、去、開始、終結(jié)、離開、到達(dá)等意義的瞬間動詞的進(jìn)行時表示按照計(jì)劃安排好

的將要進(jìn)行的動作。

We

are

leaving

for

Japan

tomorrow.

Where

are

you

going

next

Sunday?

：

4． 不可以用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)的情況（通常是表示感覺、情感、存在、從屬、思維等的動詞）

1）表示存在狀態(tài)的動詞：be/

stay/

exist/

belong

to等

2）表示心理或感情狀態(tài)的動詞：

fear/

hate/

remember/

think/

know/

believe/

want/

need/understand/

forget/

please/

respect/

prefer/

mind/

like/

hope/

wish/

agree/

appreciate/

recognize/

mean/

care/

dislike/

love

等。

3）非延續(xù)性動詞不可以用進(jìn)行時：accept/

allow/

complete/

hear/

notice/

end/

admit/

give/

receive/

refuse/

promise/

decide等。

4）感官動詞：see/

look(看上去)/

hear/

smell/

taste/

feel/

sound等。

現(xiàn)在完成時

1．

表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，往往體現(xiàn)出一定的因

果關(guān)系。has/have

+

p.p.(done)

2．

表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，并且還可能繼續(xù)下去?？梢院捅硎緩?/p>

過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的一段時間狀語連用。如：just/

today/

this

morning/

this

month/

this

year/

for/

since/

all

the

time/

already/

never/

ever/

before/

recently/

lately/

yet/

so

far/

up

to

now/

in

the

past(last)

few

years等。

The

storm

has

lasted

for

three

hours.

He

has

worked

as

an

animal

trainer

for

many

years.

+

3． 在“最高級

名詞”或是“這是第幾次”后面的定語從句中，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時。

This

is

the

most

interesting

book

that

I

have

read.

4．

延續(xù)性動詞與瞬間動詞和完成時態(tài)

詞

（

在肯定句中，完成時跟表示一段時間的狀語連用時，句子的謂語動詞應(yīng)該是延續(xù)性動，

不可以與瞬間動詞連用；在否定句中沒有限制。在做題過程中，要分清瞬間動與延續(xù)

性動詞。以瞬間動詞

join

和

marry

為例，請仔細(xì)體會下列各句的翻譯，并做出

比較：

1）Peter 參軍八年了。

注意使用不同的句型）

A.

Peter

has

been

a

PLA

man

for

8

years.

用完成時，be

動詞表狀態(tài)，延續(xù)性。

B.

Peter

joined

the

army

8

years

ago.

join

是瞬間動詞，本句是一般過去時。

C.

It

is

8

years

since

Peter

joined

the

army.

+

， 示 ”

用句型“it is+時間段+since+主語+謂語動詞（過去時）……”表示“自從……多少年

了”

注意如果

since

從句的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞則表“有多少年不做某事了。如：

---Would

you

like

a

cigarette?

---No,

thank

you.It’s

two

years

since

I

smoked.(表示有兩年不抽煙了)

2）

Mary

結(jié)婚八年了。

A.

It

is

8

years

since

Mary

married.

B.

Mary

married

8

years

ago.

C.

Mary

has

been

married

for

8

years.

5． 現(xiàn)在完成時可用在表時間、條件、讓步的狀語從句中，表示將來某時前已完成的動作。

When

you

have

learned

English,you’ll

find

it

a

bridge

to

so

much

knowledge.

Once

you

have

made

a

promise,

youshouldn’t

break

it.

”

6．

have

been

to

與

have

gone

to

的區(qū)別

前者表示“去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來；后者表示

，

“去某地了”

目前不在當(dāng)?shù)?，表示在去某地的途中或是已?jīng)到了某地。

She

has

been

to

Europe,

but

she

is

back

now.

She

has

gone

to

Europe

and

she

is

not

here

now.

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時

具有

表示從過去某一時刻開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行著，而且還有可能要進(jìn)行下

去，

強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)行的過程?；蛘呤菑?qiáng)調(diào)一直到現(xiàn)在為止的一段時間內(nèi)已在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動作。

現(xiàn)在完

成時和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時兩者的特征。Has/have+been+doing

He

has

been

watching

television

all

day.

She's

been

playing

tennis

since

she

was

eight.

How

long

has

it

been

raining?

All

night

long

this

has

been

going

on.

Jim

has

been

phoning

Jenny

every

night

for

the

past

week.

練習(xí)一

1. Have

you

got

any

job

offers?

No.

I .

A.

waited B.

had

been

waiting C.

have

waited D.

am

waiting

2. Something

as

simple

as some

cold

water

may

clear

your

mind

and

relieve

pressure.

A.

to

drink B.

drinking C.

to

be

drinking D.

drunk

3. What’sthat

noise?

Oh,

I

forgot

to

tell

you.

The

new

machine .

A.

was

tested B.

will

be

tested C.

is

being

tested D.

has

been

tested

4. In

recent

years

many

football

clubs as

business

to

make

a

profit.

A.

have

run B.

have

been

run C.

had

been

run D.

will

run

5. We

first

met

on

a

train

in

2000.

We

both

felt

immediately

that

we each

other

for

years.

A.

knew B.

have

known C.

had

known D.

know

6. Do

you

know

if

Terry

will

go

camping

this

weekend?

Terry?

Never!

She tents

and

fresh

air!

A.

has

hated B.

hated C.

will

hate D.

hates

7. The

country

has

already

sent

up

three

unmanned

spacecraft,

the

most

recent at

the

end

of

last

March.

A.

has

been

launched B.

having

been

launched

C.

being

launched D.

to

be

launched

8. Danny hard

for

long

to

realize

his

dream

and

now

he

is

popular.

A.

works B.

is

working C.

has

worked D.

worked

9. Has

your

father

returned

from

Africa

yet?

Yes,

but

he here

for

only

three

days

before

his

company

sent

him

Australia.

A.

was B.

has

been C.

will

be D.

would

be

10.

Lucy

has all

of

the

goals

she

set

for

herself

in

high

school

and

is

ready

for

new

challenges

at

university.

A.

acquired B.

finished C.

concluded D.

achieved

11.

Have

you

known

Dr.

Jackson

for

a

long

time?

Yes,

since

she the

Chinese

Society.

A.

has

joined B.

Joins C.

had

joined D.

joined

12.

If

the

weather

had

been

better,

we

could

have

had

picnic.

But

it all

day.

A.

rained B.

rains C.

has

rained D.

is

raining

13.

No

decision about

any

future

appointment

until

all

the

candidates

have

been

interviewed.

A.

will

be

made B.

is

made C.

is

being

made D.

has

been

made

14.

He football

regularly

for

many

years

when

he

was

young.

A.

was

playing B.

played C.

has

played D.

had

played

15.

Did

you

watch

the

basketball

match

yesterday?

Yes,

I

did.

You

know,

my

brother in

the

match.

A.

is

playing B.

was

playing C.

has

played D.

had

played

練習(xí)解析

1．

D

考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)上句的提問，答句應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表示現(xiàn)階段正在等待的事實(shí)。

2．

B

句意為“有些東西像喝涼水一樣能讓你清醒并釋放壓力”，考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句

意和結(jié)構(gòu)可判斷，may

clear

前缺主語成分，可以排除

C、D

兩項(xiàng)，而句中不表示“將來

喝”，又排出

A

項(xiàng)，所以用

B

項(xiàng)動名詞形式作主語。

3．

C

考查語態(tài)和時態(tài)。對方詢問的是正在發(fā)出的噪聲是什么緣故，所以回答的是目前正在

發(fā)生的動作。而

machine

與

test

之間又是被動關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)。

4．

B

句意為“最近一些年很多足球俱樂部都是通過商業(yè)運(yùn)營的方式來獲利”。考查現(xiàn)在完

成時和被動語態(tài)相結(jié)合的用法。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)，信息詞

in

recent

years

常用于完成時

和過去時，作為

club

和

run

的關(guān)系應(yīng)該是“被動”，所以根據(jù)以上兩點(diǎn)，可以排除

ACD

三項(xiàng)。

5．

C

此題考查虛擬語氣的用法，全句的意思是：我們第一次見面時

2000

年在火車上，當(dāng)

去

時我們兩個一見如故，感到好象相識多年了。與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬句的主句應(yīng)用過完

成時，故選

C。

“

6．

D

句意為“你知道

Terry

這個周末是否會去野營嗎？”

Terry？絕對不會！她厭惡帳篷和

新鮮的空氣。”此題考查一般現(xiàn)在時的用法。根據(jù)句意和情景，“厭惡”是

Terry

一貫的

一種態(tài)度，表示存在她身上的一種客觀情況，所以

A

表完成，B

表過去，C

表將來都不

符合題干要求，只能選

D

項(xiàng)用一般現(xiàn)在是表示經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性的動作或者狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)事

實(shí)。

7．

B

此題考查非謂語動詞時態(tài)及語態(tài)的用法，

having

been

launched

修飾

spacecraft，逗號

人

作

之后相當(dāng)于一個非限定性定語從句，這句話的意思是：這個國家已經(jīng)發(fā)射了三顆不載宇

宙飛船，最近發(fā)射的是在去年三月末，非謂語動詞的完成時表示動作發(fā)生在主句動之前。

8．

C

此題考查時態(tài)，與一段時間連用（for

long）且下文有

now，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時。

9．

A

考查時態(tài)。對話意思是：“你爸爸從非洲回來了嗎？”“是的，但他只待了三天就被

公司派去澳大利亞了?！鳖}干中用了

sent（send

的過去式），所以在它之前的動作應(yīng)用過

去完成時，而

before已表明動作的先后，故可用一般過去時代替過去完成時。

“

10． D

本題考查語境條件下動詞詞語辨析。本題句意為：

Lucy

實(shí)現(xiàn)了在高中階段為自

如

”C

； ；

己設(shè)定的全部目標(biāo)，正在為接受大學(xué)生活中可能遇到各種新的挑戰(zhàn)做準(zhǔn)備?！弊⒁庀铝?/p>

動詞詞義及搭配辨析。acquire“（經(jīng)由努力而）獲得，學(xué)得，一般賓語為知識、學(xué)問等，

：

acquire

a

foreign

language學(xué)會一種外國語言；finish

完成、結(jié)束、終結(jié)，其后賓語

多為

工作、人物等具體的事物，如：

Some

students

finished

their

homework

yesterday

afternoon.有些學(xué)生昨天下午就做完了作業(yè)。onclude 意為“結(jié)束、推斷出、斷定，其

后賓語多為觀點(diǎn)、結(jié)論，如：When

he

ran

away

from

me,

I

concluded

he

was

afraid.當(dāng)他從

我這里跑調(diào)時，我斷定他害怕了；而

achieve 則為“達(dá)到（目的）實(shí)現(xiàn)（目標(biāo)）

取得

（勝利）；完成”的意思，如：Maurice

has

achieved

his

hope

of

becoming

a

doctor.莫里斯

實(shí)現(xiàn)了成為一名醫(yī)生的愿望。根據(jù)語境判斷，此處選Ｄ最為合適。

11． D.

根據(jù)上句我們知道，這里應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在完成時的繼續(xù)和延伸，問句：你認(rèn)識

Dr.

Jackson 好久了嗎？答：是的，自從她參加華人社團(tuán)這個組織以來

12．

A

全句的意思是：如果天氣當(dāng)時變好的話，我們就會去野炊，但是當(dāng)時雨下了一

A

整天。前面是一個虛擬句，后面是一個真實(shí)句，表示一個過去的真實(shí)情況，故選

13． A

根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該使用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)

14．

B 此題之所以選

B，用一般過去時，是因?yàn)楹竺嬗幸粋€

when

引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時

間狀語

15． B

考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，我弟弟那時一直在打比賽，用過去進(jìn)行時。

一般將來時

表示在現(xiàn)在看來將要發(fā)生的行為動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用的時間狀語有

tomorrow/

soon/

next

week/

someday/

from

now

on/

in

(the)

future/

in

three

days等。

常見的將來時的表達(dá)方式

有：

1．

shall/

will

+

do表示單純的將來，其中

will

可以表示意愿或決心。

He

will

be

eighteen

years

old

next

month.

到下個月他就滿

18

歲了。

We

shall

know

more

and

more

as

time

goes

on.隨著時間的增長我們知道的會越來越多。

2．

be

going

to+

do表示①按照計(jì)劃打算做……②根據(jù)客觀的跡象預(yù)示著……，不可以表示

單純的將來。

If

I

have

enough

time,

I'm

going

to

travel

around

China.

如果我有足夠的時間，我打算要游遍中國。

Look

at

the

clouds！

There

is

going

to

be

a

storm.

看那些烏云！要有一場暴風(fēng)雨了。

3．

be+

to

do表示預(yù)定要做某事或表示命令（禁止）、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、要求，意思是“應(yīng)該”。

He

is

into

violin

very

much,

which

is

to

make

him

a

world

famous

violinist.

他非常熱愛小提琴，

這會使得他注定會成為世界著名的小提琴家。

It's

said

Peter

is

to

go

abroad

for

further

education

next

month.

據(jù)說

Peter

下個月要出國深造了。

You

are

to

report

to

the

police.你應(yīng)該

去報警。

4．

在句型“祈使句+and/

or+主語+will…”中

Listen

to

me

carefully

or

you

will

make

mistakes.

仔細(xì)聽我說否則你會犯錯誤的。

Finish

the

courses

and

you

will

pass

the

exam.

完成課程你將會通過考試。

5．

進(jìn)行時表示將來。

像

go/

come/

leave/

return/

work/

start/

stay/

do/

have等表示移動或方向的動詞用于進(jìn)行

時態(tài)，表示在最近計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動作。

What

are

you

going

to

do

at

the

weekend?

周末你打算干什么？

When

is

she

leaving

for

home?

她什么時候動身回家？

We’re

having

a

party

next

week.

下周我們要開個聚會。

6．

Be

about

to

do

sth.

或

be

on

the

point

of

doing

sth.表示將來。

這兩個句型指的是眼下就要

發(fā)生的動作，所以一般不再用表示具體的將來時間的副詞或

詞性的短語作時間狀語，但

是可以用

as/

when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。

可以說：They

are

about

to

finish

drawing

a

very

beautiful

horse.

不可以說：They

are

about

to

finish

drawing

a

very

beautiful

horse

in

five

minutes.

可以說：They

are

to

finish

drawing

a

very

beautiful

horse

in

five

minutes.

或：

They

are

going

to

finish

drawing

a

very

beautiful

horse

in

five

minutes.或：

They

will

finish

drawing

a

very

beautiful

horse

in

five

minutes.

將來進(jìn)行時

will

表示在現(xiàn)在看來將來某一時間或某一時刻要進(jìn)行的動作，構(gòu)成形式是：

be doing，具有

一般將來是和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時兩者的特點(diǎn)。

This

time

next

week

I’ll

be

lying

on

the

beach.

At

ten

o'clock

tomorrow,

she

will

be

working

in

her

office.

I'll

be

seeing

her

this

evening.

Will

you

be

passing

the

post

office

when

you're

out?

將來完成時

表示在現(xiàn)在看來到將來某個時間某個動作將要完成，構(gòu)成形式是

will

have

done

，具有一般

要 體

將來時和現(xiàn)在完成時兩者的特點(diǎn)。

把握題干中的時間狀語，

會上下文中隱含的將來時和完

成時的共同信息是解題的關(guān)鍵。常用的時間狀語為：by+將來某個時間。

When

we

get

there,she’ll

have

gone

to

work.

我們到那里時他已經(jīng)去上班了。

我

The

film

will

have

started

by

the

time

we

get

to

the

cinema.

們到電影院時電影已經(jīng)開始了。

On

Monday

he'll

have

been

in

Britain

for

three

years.到星期一，他在英國就滿三年了。

I'll

have

retired

by

the

year

2010.

到

2010

年我已經(jīng)退休了。

練習(xí)二

1．

Do

you

have

any

problems

if

you this

job?

Well,

I’m

thinking

about

the

salary.

A.

offer B.

will

offer C.

are

offered D.

will

be

offered

2．

How

can

I

apply

for

an

online

course?

Just

fill

out

this

form

and

we what

we

can

do

for

you.

A.

see B.

are

seeing C.

have

seen D.

will

see

3．

Can

we

meet

tomorrow

afternoon?

Not

in

the

afternoon,I’m

afraid.

I

A.

will

be

working B.

am

going

to

work

C.

am

about

to

work D.

will

work

4．

You

are

late

again!

We without

you.

A.

went B.

had

gone C.

were

going D.

will

go

5．

As

far

as

I

know,

the

film

of

Harry

Potter

6 and

will

be

shown

on

November

21,

2008.

A.

was

complete B.

has

completed

C.

have

been

completed D.

has

been

completed

6．

Turn

on

the

TV

or

open

a

magazine

and

you advertisements

showing

stylish

and

happy

woman.

A.

will

often

find B.

often

find

C.

are

often

finding D.

have

often

found

7．

When

you

arrive,

I in

reception

for

you.

A.

wait B.

am

waiting C.

am

going

to

wait D.

will

be

waiting

8．

May

I

speak

to

your

manager

at

three

o'clock

tomorrow

afternoon?

I'm

sorry.

He to

Shanghai

by

then.

A.

will

have

flown B.

had

flown

C.

can

have

flown D.

has

flown

9．

Could

you

meet

me

at

the

station?

I’d

like

to,

but

I Shanghai

when

you

return.

A.

will

have

left B.

was

leaving

C.

will

leave D.

have

left

10． You'd

better

not

phone

the

manager

between

7

and

8

tomorrow

evening;

he an

important

meeting

then.

A.

will

have B.

would

have C.

will

be

having D.

will

have

had

11．

If

their

marketing

plans

succeed,

they their

sales

by

20

percent.

A.

will

increase B.

have

been

increasing

C.

have

increased D.

would

be

increasing

12． Have

you

read

a

book

called

Waiting

for

Anya?

Who it?

A.

writes B.

has

written C.

wrote D.

had

written

13． I

like

these

English

songs

and

they many

times

on

the

radio.

A.

taught B.

have

taught C.

are

taught D.

have

been

taught

14． Do

you

think

we

should

accept

that

offer?

Yes,

we

should,

for

we such

bad

luck

up

till

now,

and

time

out.

A.

have

had;

is

running B.

had;

is

running

C.

have;

has

been

run D.

have

had;

has

been

run

I get

15． I

called

Hannah

many

times

yesterday

evening,

but

couldn’t

through.

Her

brother

on

the

phone

all

the

time!

A.

was

talking B.

has

been

talking C.

has

talked D.

talked

練習(xí)解析：

1．

C

考查動詞語態(tài)的應(yīng)用。根據(jù)句子語境“如果給你這個工作”可知須用被動語態(tài)；在根

C

據(jù)英語習(xí)慣，條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的意義，于是答案選

。

2．

D

本題考查的是祈使句的用法。句型：

動詞

（或名詞詞組）+

and

+主語+will

+謂語+其他

意思是：您把這個表格填好，我們會看到我們能為您做點(diǎn)什么。

3．

A

考查時態(tài)。說話人所要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是在明天下午的那個時間正在工作，因此用將來進(jìn)行時。

B、C

兩項(xiàng)表示按照計(jì)劃或安排將要工作；D

項(xiàng)表示將要工作，不符合語境。

4．

C

根據(jù)語境可知應(yīng)選擇

C

項(xiàng)，表示“我們正打算……”。用進(jìn)行時表示將來。

5．

D

此題考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知此出應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，尤其是據(jù)后面的

and

will

be

shown

on

November

21,

2008可推斷出來。

6．

A

考查謂語動詞。其實(shí)此題考查句型“祈使句+

and+一般陳述句”，后面的陳述句通常用

will+動詞原形，表示一種意愿與趨勢。

7．

D

考查時態(tài)。

when

引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表將來，主句用將來時態(tài)。此

處表“當(dāng)某個動作正在發(fā)生時，某事在發(fā)生”這種意義，主句常用進(jìn)行時。when

是解

題的關(guān)鍵。該句話的意思是“你到的時候，我會在接待處等你”。

8．

A

考查動詞的時態(tài)。由句中時間狀語“by

then”可知，此處表示到將來的某個時間，所

以用將來完成時。

9．

A

考查時態(tài)。表示到將來某一時刻已經(jīng)完成的動作應(yīng)用將來完成時，句意為：當(dāng)你回來

時，我已經(jīng)離開上海了。

10． C

考查時態(tài)。由

between

7

and

8

tomorrow

evening可以知道答案。用將來進(jìn)行時。

11． A

全句的意思是：如果他們的營銷計(jì)劃能成功的話，他們的銷售額就能提高20%。

從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用一般將來時。

12． C

此題考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)語境用一般過去時。

13． D

考查時態(tài)及語態(tài)。根據(jù)前一分句的時態(tài)以及后一分句中的

many

times可知此處

用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。

14． A

考查時態(tài)。Up

till

now（迄今為止）常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用；而時間（time）是“正

在”消耗殆盡（run out），故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

get

15．

A

考查動詞時態(tài)的應(yīng)用。過去進(jìn)行時表示過去正在進(jìn)行或者一直在進(jìn)行的動作。

根據(jù)前面的

many

times

和

couldn’t

through

可知，原因是

Hannah

的兄弟一直在占用

電話。

一般過去時

1．

一般過去時表示過去存在的狀態(tài)。一般過去時主要用來表示過去某個時間完成或一度存

在的狀態(tài)，常跟一個表過去的時間狀語連用，如：then,

yesterday,

the

other

day等。有時

省去時間狀語，但從上下文語境

當(dāng)中能體會出被省略的部分。

2． 一般過去時表示過去的行為或習(xí)慣的動作。一般過去時還可以表示過去一段時間經(jīng)常反

往

復(fù)發(fā)生的行為或習(xí)慣的動作，

往與表重復(fù)

性的時間狀語連用。如：used

to,

always,

usually,

often等。

We

often

played

together

when

we

were

children.

We

always

enjoyedeach

other's

company.

3． 在時間、條件、方式或讓步等狀語從句中，要用一般過去時代替過去將來時。

I

didn't

know

when

she

would

come,

butwhen

she

came

I

would

let

you

know.

我不知道她什么時候來，但她來了我會告訴你。

第一個

when

引導(dǎo)賓語從句，可使用將來時，第二個

when

引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，只能用

一般過去時代替過去將來時。

I

didn't

know

if

she

would

come,

but

if

she

came

I

would

let

you

know.

我不知道她是否來，但如果她來我會告訴你。

第一個

if

引導(dǎo)賓語從句，可使用將來時，第二個if

引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，只能用一般過去

時代替過去將來時。

4．

兩個或兩個以上在過去接連發(fā)生的一連串動作用and

或

but

連接時，按時間發(fā)生的順序

要用一般過去時。

I

started

work

at

9:00

and

worked

until

lunch

time.

5． 敘述某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去繼續(xù)了一段時間后終止，或在過去某段時間發(fā)生了若干次，

要用一般過去時。

Mary

worked

in

this

factory

for

5

years.

I

went

to

Beijing

3

times

last

year.

過去進(jìn)行時

1．

過去進(jìn)行時

過去進(jìn)行時主要表示在過去某一時刻或某一時段正在進(jìn)行的動作。這一特定的

時間（時

刻）除了上下文暗示之外，一般和時間狀語連用，常用時間狀語如：at

that

time/

at

this

time

yesterday/

at

that

moment或

when/

while

等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句等。

2．

與頻度副詞連用表感情色彩

與

always/

constantly/

continually/

forever

等頻度副詞連用時具有一定的感情色彩，一般

表示說話人對所描述的時間而發(fā)生事情持批評或表揚(yáng)的態(tài)度。表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的行為。

He

was

always

ringing

me

up.

他過去老是給我打電話。

My

grandfather

was

always

forgetting

things.我祖父總是忘這忘那。

He

was

always

blowing

his

own

trump.老王賣瓜，自賣自夸。

3．

表示趨向動作的動詞的過去進(jìn)行時

come/

go/

leave/

get/

reach/

start/

set

out/

arrive

等一些表示趨向動作的動詞用于過去進(jìn)

的

行時，可表示從過去某一時間看將要發(fā)生的動作，一般強(qiáng)調(diào)按計(jì)劃、要求、打算進(jìn)行動

作。

Mr.

Smith

said

he

was

leaving

for

London

soon.

史密斯先生說他計(jì)劃很快就動身前往倫

敦。

She

said

she

was

coming

to

see

her

grandpa

the

next

month.

她說她打算下個月來看望她

祖父。

4．

was/

were

doing

常與作并列連詞的

when

連用，表示“……正在（正要）

……這時突

然……”，相當(dāng)于

and

at

this

time

或

and

then。

I

was

reading

the

newspaper

when

the

door

bell

rang.我正在看報，突然門鈴響了。

5． 在介紹故事時，用過去進(jìn)行時來描述故事情景或提供故事發(fā)生的背景。

It

was

the

winter.

The

north

wind

was

blowing

and

a

heavy

snow

was

falling.

A

poor

little

boy

was

walking

in

the

street.

A

mother

crocodile

was

looking

for

food

near

the

bank.

過去完成時

， 動

過去完成時是以過去時為基點(diǎn)表示某一動作或存在的狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去的某一時間或某一作

之前。

1． 表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成的動作或狀態(tài)這個時間狀語可以用短語或從句，

”

甚至通過上下文來暗示“過去的過去。常用的時間

狀語有

before/

when/

until/

after/

by

the

time

等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，或是

by

the

end

of

last

year,

before等。

2．

表示從過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作。常與since,

for,

when,

until

等時間狀語連用。

I

had

worked

in

a

car

factory

for

3

years

before

I

came

here.我來這之前在一個汽車廠工作

了三年。

Until

then

he

had

known

nothing

about

it.直到那個時候，他對那件事還一無所知。

3． 在主句的謂語動詞是過去時的間接引語當(dāng)中直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，如果直接引語本

身是一般過去式，變?yōu)殚g接引語時用過去完成時。

She

asked,

"If

we

discussed

the

problem."變間接引語

She

asked

if

we

had

discussed

the

problem.他問我們是

否討論了這個問題。

She

told

me,

"I

try

my

best

to

finish

the

task."

變間接引語

She

told

me

that

she

had

tried

her

best

to

finish

the

task.

她告訴我她為了完成那項(xiàng)任務(wù)已經(jīng)竭盡全力。

4．

表示過去打算但是沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖

/ ， 在

用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有

hope/

expect/

intend/

want/

suppose/

mean(打算)等，用于過去完成

時譯作“本來希望

打算/想……”

但是實(shí)際上未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)，

一定程度上相當(dāng)于一種虛擬

語氣。

He

had

intended

to

make

a

speech

but

no

one

gave

him

such

a

chance.

他本來打算發(fā)言的，但是沒有人給他這樣的機(jī)會。

I

had

thought

that

he

died

at

least

twenty

years

ago.

我本來以為

20

年前他就去世了。（實(shí)際上還活著）

5．

hardly...

when;

no

sooner...

than表示“一……就……”句型

本句型是倒裝句中的典型例

子，當(dāng)然如果否定副詞

hardly/

no

sooner不在句首時就不用

倒裝。

Hardly

had

he

arrived

in

Beijing

when

he

rang

me

up.

他一到北京就給我打電話了。

No

sooner

had

we

heard

the

result

of

the

entrance

examination

than

we

burst

into

tears.

我們一聽到入學(xué)考試的結(jié)果就痛哭起來。

6． 在表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣的條件句中在虛擬語氣中，如果表示與過去的事實(shí)情

況相反或表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，則if 從句

的謂語動詞或

wish

后的賓語從句的謂

語動詞用

had

done，即用過去完成時形式。

If

she

had

told

me

the

truth

yesterday,

she

wouldn't

have

been

scolded.如果昨天她把真相告

。

訴了我，她就不會挨批評了（實(shí)際上它沒有說出真相，結(jié)果也就受批評了）

I

wish

she

had

helped

me

with

my

English

last

night,

but

she

was

too

busy.

她昨天晚上要是能幫我學(xué)習(xí)英語就好了，可是她太忙了。

過去完成進(jìn)行時

到 前

式是

表示動作從過去某一時間之前開始，

過去某一時間仍然進(jìn)行或剛剛結(jié)束，

提是有一定的

過

去時間狀語，同時也強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性。在具體理解時可以參照現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。構(gòu)成形

：

had

been

doing

His

best

friend,

Peter,

had

been

living

here

before

he

was

admitted

into

Beijing

University.

他的好朋友

Peter

被北京大學(xué)錄取之前一直住在這里。

The

telephone

had

been

ringing

for

three

minutes

before

it

was

answered.

電話鈴響了三分鐘才有人接。（表示在接電話前的三分鐘里，電話鈴一直是響著的）

過去將來時

“ ，

1． 表示在過去看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，用would/ should+動詞原形”

should

僅用于第一人稱。

具體運(yùn)用時，多用于賓語從句或間接引語當(dāng)中，表示從過去的觀點(diǎn)來看

將來發(fā)生的行為

或存在的狀態(tài)。

He

told

me

that

he

would

pay

me

a

visit

if

possible.

他說要是可能的話他會拜訪我的。

They

wanted

to

know

when

I

should/

would

finish

the

article.

他們想知道我什么時候能完成這篇文章。

2．

下列方式也表示過去將來：

①

was/

were

going

to

do

sth.表示過去曾經(jīng)打算或計(jì)劃將要做某事。

②

was/

were

about

to

do

sth.,

was

(were)

on

the

point

for

doing

sth.

表示過去計(jì)劃或安排

將要做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)“正要”，可以與

when

引導(dǎo)的并列分句連用，意思是“正要……突

然……”。

③

was/

were

doing

sth.實(shí)際上是用過去進(jìn)行時表示過去將來時，謂語動詞多是像 go/

leave/

come/

start/

begin等表示趨向動作的詞。

練習(xí)三

1．

The

moment

I

got

home,

I

found

I my

jacket

on

the

playground.

A.

had

left B.

left C.

have

left D.

was

leaving

2．

They two

tickets

to

Canada,

otherwise

they'd

never

have

been

able

to

afford

to

go.

A.

had

got B.

got C.

have

got D.

get

3．

Did

you

tidy

your

room?

No,

I

was

going

to

tidy

my

room

but

I visitors.

A.

had B.

have C.

have

had D.

will

have

4．

I there

little

more

than

a

week

when

I

set

to

work

with

the

scientist.

A.

would

be B.

have

been C.

had

been D.

will

be

5．

They

became

friends

again

that

day.

Until

then,

they to

each

other

for

nearly

two

years.

A.

didn't

speak B.

hadn't

spoken C.

haven't

spoken D.

haven't

been

speaking

6．

I

didn't

do

well

in

the

exam

yesterday.

Of

course

I for

it.

Oh,

you

poor

thing!

But

I

think

you

should

learn

a

lesson.

A.

hadn't

studied B.

haven't

studied C.

wasn't

studying D.

wouldn't

study

7．

Where

is

your

new

home

now?

In

the

new

developed

zone.

But

I downtown

for

five

years.

A.

have

lived B.

had

lived C.

lived D.

was

living

8．

She to

meet

some

new

friends,

but

she

met

nobody

interesting.

A.

would

hope B.

had

hoped C.

has

hoped D.

was

hoping

9．

Have

you

found

your

book

yet?

No,

I'm

not

sure

where

I it.

A.

leave B.

had

left C.

could

have

left D.

was

to

leave

10． Worl