2023年自考專業(yè)英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)閱讀一強(qiáng)化練習(xí)1

自考專業(yè)(英語(yǔ))英語(yǔ)閱讀（一）強(qiáng)化練習(xí)1

一、CAREFULREADINGReadthefollowingpassagescarefully.DecideonthebestanswerandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.(40points,2pointseach)

1、Passage1

Somedayastrangerwillreadyoure-mailwithoutyourpermissionorscanthewebsitesyouvevisited.Orperhapssomeonewillcasuallyglancethroughyourcreditcardpurchasesorcellphonebillstofindoutyourshoppingpreferencesorcallinghabits.Infact,itslikelysomeofthesethingshavealreadyhappenedtoyou.Whowouldwatchyouwithoutyourpermission?Itmightbeaspouse,agirlfriend,amarketingcompany,aboss,acoporacriminal.Whoeveritis,theywillseeyouinawayyouneverintendedtobeseen-the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked.Psychologiststellusboundariesarehealthy,thatitsimportanttorevealyourselftofriends,familyandloversinstages,atappropriatetimes.Butfewboundariesremain.Thedigitalbreadcrumbs(碎屑)youleaveeverywheremakeiteasyforstrangerstoreconstructwhoyouare,whereyouareandwhatyoulike.Insomecases,asimpleGooglesearchcanrevealwhatyouthink.Likeitornot,increasinglyweliveinaworldwhereyousimplycannotkeepasecret.Thekeyquestionis:Doesthatmatter?FormanyAmericans,theanswerapparentlyisno.WhenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacy,mostsaytheyareconcernedaboutlosingit.Asurveyfoundanoverwhelmingpessimismaboutprivacy,with60percentofrespondentssayingtheyfeeltheirprivacyisslippingaway,andthatbothersme.Butpeoplesayonethinganddoanother.OnlyatinyfractionofAmericanschangeanybehaviorsinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.Fewpeopleturndownadiscountattollbooths)toavoidusingtheEZ-Passsystemthatcantrackautomobilemovements.Andfewturndownsupermarketloyaltycards.PrivacyeconomistAlessandroAcquistihasrunaseriesofteststhatrevealpeoplewillsurrenderpersonalinformationlikeSocialSecuritynumbersjusttogettheirhandsonapitiful50--cents-offcoupon(優(yōu)待券)Butprivacydoesmatter-atleastsometimesItslikehealth:Whenyouhaveit,youdontnoticeit.Onlywhenitsgonedoyouwishyouddonemoretoprotectit.

Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthe21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked(ParA2)?

A.People'spersonalinformationiseasilyaccessedwithouttheirknowledge.

B.Inthe21stcenturypeopletryeverymeanstolookintoothers'secrets.

C.Peopletendtobemorefrankwitheachotherintheinformationage.

D.Criminalsareeasilycaughtonthespotwithadvancedtechnology.

2、Whatwouldpsychologistsadviseontherelationshipsbetweenfriends?

A.Friendsshouldopentheirheartstoeachother.

B.Friendsshouldalwaysbefaithfultoeachother.

C.Thereshouldbeadistanceevenbetweenfriends.

D.Thereshouldbefewerdisputesbetweenfriends.

3、Whydoestheauthorsay"weliveinaworldwhereyousimplycannotkeepasecret"(ParA3)?

A.Modernsocietyhasfinallyevolvedintoanopensociety.

B.Peopleleavetracesaroundwhenusingmoderntechnology.

C.Therearealwayspeoplewhoarecuriousaboutothersaffairs.

D.Manysearchenginesprofitbyrevealingpeople'sidentities.

4、WhatdomostAmericansdowithregardtoprivacyprotection?

A.Theychangebehaviorsthatmightdisclosetheiridentity.

B.Theyusevariousloyaltycardsforbusinesstransactions.

C.Theyrelymoreandmoreonelectronicdevices.

D.Theytalkalotbuthardlydoanythingaboutit.

5、Accordingtothepassage,privacyislikehealthinthat

A.peoplewillmakeeveryefforttokeepit.itsimportanceisrarelyunderstood

B.itissomethingthatcaneasilybelost

C.peopledon'tcherishituntiltheyloseit

6、Passage2Aheadtrackcoach,BillBowerman,designedapairoflightershoeswithbettersupportandgreaterstrengthandsentthedesigntoleadingsporting-goodscompanies.Theyallturnedhimdown.TherejectionsbroughtBowermanfacetofacewithhisownphilosophyofcompetitiveresponse.Hehadtaughthissportsmentovaluecompetitionnotsomuchforitsprizesasforitsintellectualandspiritualsatisfaction.Thiswastrueofhisdeterminationtomaketheshoeshimself.Hemadehisfirstpairoftrackshoeslightandgraceful.Hisrunnerswoninhishand-madeshoes.Butwhowouldliketomanufacturesuchshoes?In1962,Knight,oneofBowermanssportsmenofferedtotraveltoJapanandcalledononeofJapansbestmanufacturersofsportsshoes.ThemanufacturerpromisedtoproduceshoesofhisdesignandKnightscompanywouldbetheironlydistributorintheU.S.Ayearlater,ashipmentof200BowermanshoesarrivedinOregon.Atfirst,KnightandBowermanworkedwithasmallteamandwentsellingoutofcarsattrackmeets.Butslowly,therunningworldgottoknowthesecretoftheirproduct.Thenin1972,theJapanesecompanycutoffallsuppliestotheircompanyandestablishedaseparatedistributionnetworkintheU.S.In30daysKnightsucceededinfindinganewmanufacturer.Andtodaythecompanytakesthelargestshareintheshoebusiness.Youaskmethebrandnameoftheshoes?ItsNike,namedaftertheGreekGoddessofVictory.Bowerman,KnightandtheNiketeamhaveafirmbeliefthatasharedresponsibilityrequiresoutstandingindividualperformanceandawillingnesstocontributethatperformancetothegroup.

ThenewtrackshoesdesignedbyBowerman()

A.helpeddevelophisteam'sathleticskills

B.helpedimprovehisrunners'performance

C.openeduptheJapanesesportsshoesmarket

D.openeduptheAmericansportsshoesmarket

7、Bowerman'sresponsetocompetitionisrelatedtosportsmen's()

A.teamspirit

B.spiritualneeds

C.materialrewards

D.prizewinning

8、Accordingtothepassage,Bowermanshoeswerefirstsoldby()

A.theshoemanufacturerinJapan

B.Knight,Bowermanandtheirteam

C.leadingsporting-goodscompanyinJapan

D.aleadingsporting-goodscompanyinAmerica

9、ThedifficultyKnightranintoin1972arosefrom()

A.therejectionoftheshoedesign

B.thequalityproblemoftheshoes

C.thecompetitionfromothercompanies

D.theJapanesecompany'snewdecision

10、ThesuccessoftheNiketeamliesin()

A.themanufacturer'sphilosophy

B.thefashionabledesignoftheshoes

C.theircooperationwithaforeigncompany

D.theirindividualperformanceandteamwork

11、Passage3

Goodsenseisthemostequitablydistributedthingintheworld,foreachmanconsidershimselfsowellprovidedwithitthateventhosewhoaremostdifficulttosatisfyineverythingelsedonotusuallywishtohavemoreofitthantheyhavealready.Itisnotlikelythateveryoneismistakeninthis;itshows,rather,thattheabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen,andthusthatouropinionsdiffernotbecausesomemenarebetterendowedwithreasonthanothers,butonlybecausewedirectourthoughtsalongdifferentpaths,anddonotconsiderthesamethings,foritisnotenoughtohavegoodmind:whatismostimportantistoapplyitrightly.Thegreatestsoulsarecapableofthegreatestvices;andthosewhowalkveryslowlycanadvancemuchfurther,iftheyalwayskeeptothedirectroad,thanthosewhorunandgoastray.Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway;Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen.AndIknowofnootherqualitiesthanthesewhichmakefortheperfectionofthemind;forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts,Iamquitewillingtobelievethatitiswholeandentireineachofus,andtofollowinthecommonopinionofthephilosopherswhosaythattherearedifferencesofmoreorlessonlyamongtheaccidents,andnotamongtheforms,ornatures,oftheindividualsofasinglespecies.

Accordingtotheauthor,thethreeelementsthatcomprisetheperfectmindare()

A.tenacityofthought,capaciousmemory,quicknessofmind

B.preciseimagination,tenacityofmemory,quicknessofthought

C.quicknessofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought

D.promptnessofmemory,distinctnessofimagination,quicknessofthought

12、Thebasicideaofthefirstparagraphmaybestatedasfollows:()

A.allpersonshaveanequalportionofgoodwillwhentheyareborn

B.greatsoulsarecapableofgreatevil

C.goodsense,intermsofitsdistributionamongpersons,maybecalledcommonsense

D.goodsenseisthemarkofthetrulygoodperson

13、Abouthimself,theauthorstatesthat()

A.hehadalwayssensedhismentalsuperiorityovermostpersons

B.hisawarenessofhismentalsuperiorityoverotherswassomethingthatgrewslowly,withexperience

C.heactuallyregardshisownmentalfacultiesasinferiorinmanywaystothoseofthegreatmajorityofpersons

D.hehasneverhadthefeelingthathismindwasmoreperfectthanaverageinanyway

14、Theauthorclaimsthatwhatsetshumanbeingsapartfrombeastsis()

A.asenseoforganizationcombinedwiththeabilitytocreate

B.theabilitytoadapttothesurroundings

C.asenseofreasoncoupledwithastrongsenseofpracticality

D.asenseofreason

15、Accordingtotheauthor,theabilitytodistinguishbetweenthetrueandthefalseis()

A.endowedbynaturetoallcreatures

B.endowedinequalmeasuretoallpeople

C.moreheavilypresentinsomepeoplethaninothers

D.anunnatural,cultivatedtraitinallpeople

16、Passage4WhenIfirstconsideredbecomingcollegeprofessor,tenurewasnotanattractionorevenanissue.wasdrawntotheprofessionbytheworkandtheenvironment.EvenafterearningaPh.D.spendingtimeworkinginWashingtonD.C.,andfinallygettingmyfirstteachingjobinpublicadministration,Iwasnotparticularlyconcernedwithtenure.nowworkataregionalinstitutionthatrequiresanattainablebalancebetweenteaching,research,andservice.Ihavealwaysbeenahardworkerandseenoreasontostop.Butmyvisionoftenurehaschanged,donotwanttoalwaysbethesamekindofprofessorIamnow.Now,Iamworkingonarticles,coursepreparations,learningthedetailsofthecurriculumsoIcanadvisestudents,andbuildinginstitutionalknowledgebyservingonuniversitycommittees.Today,myproductivityishighandIfocusoncollectingbeans,tomorrow,Iwouldliketofocusonquality.Whethertenurecangivemetheopportunitytofocusonqualityisquestionable,buttheideaoflongevityisconceptthatseemstohavebroadacceptanceinmostprofessions.Myfriendswhobecamelawyersandaccountantsspendtheirtimetalkingaboutbecomingpartners;medicaldoctorstalkaboutestablishingapractice;civilservantsareprotectedbythemeritsystem.Theprofessionalsinthesefieldsserveprobationaryperiod(試用期)anddemonstratecompetencetoattaincertainleveloffreedomintheirfields.Afterthat,weexpectthattheirprofessionalismcanbeusedtoservesociety.Arecollegeprofessorsanduniversitiesdifferentfromlawyers,lawfirms,andtheAmericanBarAssociationordoctors,practices,andtheAmericanMedicalAssociation?Theanswerisbothyesandno.Rarelydoesonehearaboutaprofessorbeingbroughttocourtformalpractice.Still,thecollegeprofessorsIknowworklonghoursservearduous,poorly-paidprobationaryperiods,arededicatedtotheirstudentsandtheirfieldsanddonotwanttoworkinanotherprofessionaftertheyhavearrivedinthisone.Thustenureisoftenseenastherewardforyearsofstruggle.Tenure,therefore,hasbecomesomethingimportantto,specificallyaswaytobecomefirmlyestablishedinmyprofession.

Whatdoestenureprobablymeaninthepassage?

A.Therewardtoalawyeroranaccountantforhisorherhardwork.

B.Therighttokeepone'sjobatauniversityuntilretirement.

C.Thechanceofbeingpromotedtoahigheradministrativeposition.

D.Thepossibilityofestablishingone'sownpracticeafteraprobationaryperiod

17、By"IdonotwanttoalwaysbethesamekindofprofessorIamnow",theauthormeansthat

A.heisthinkingofleavinghispresentjob

B.hedoesnotreallyenjoywritingarticlesorpreparingforcourses

C.hewantstodosomethingmoreimportantandworthwhile

D.hedoesnotliketheteachingenvironmentanymore

18、Inthesecondparagraph,"collectingbeansisnearestinmeaningto

A."makingsignificantcontributions"

B."makingsmallachievements"

C."enjoyingtherewardsofhardwork"

D."gaininggreaterprofessionalcompetence"

19、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Thewriterisnotsurethattenurewouldlethimfocusonquality.

B.Younglawyerslookforwardtosharingtheownershipofthefirmtheyworkfor.

C.Collegeprofessorshavesmallsalariesuntiltheirprobationaryperiodisover.

D.Collegeprofessorsmayconsiderworkinginsomeotherprofessionsiftheyarenotproperlyrewarded.

20、Thewritermentionslawyersandaccountantsinorderto(??)

A.explainwhyhechoseteachingashiscareer

B.illustratehowotherprofessionalsviewtheirwork

C.provethatprofessorsandotherprofessionalshavethesameideaaboutquality

D.showthatcollegeprofessors'expectationofjobsecurityisreasonable

二、SPEEDREADINGSkimorscanthefollowingpassages,andthendecideonthebestanswerandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.(10points,1pointeach)

1、Passage5

HenryFord,thefamousU.S.inventorandcarmanufacturer,oncesaid,ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness.BythishemeantthattheU.S.wayoflifeisbasedonthevaluesofthebusinessworldFewwouldarguewithFordsstatement.AbriefglimpseatadailynewspapervividlyshowshowmuchpeopleintheUnitedStatesthinkaboutbusiness.Forexample,nearlyeverynewspaperhasabusinesssection,inwhichthedealsandprojects,financesandmanagement,stockpricesandlaborproblemsofcorporationsarereporteddaily.Inaddition,businessnewscanappearineveryothersection.Mostnationalnewshasanimportantfinancialaspecttoit.Welfare,foreignaid,thefederalbudget,andthepoliciesoftheFederalReserveBankareallheavilyaffectedbybusiness.Moreover,businessnewsappearsinsomeoftheunlikeliestplaces.Theworldofartsandentertainmentisoftenreferredtoastheentertainmentindustryorshowbusiness.ThepositivesideofHenryFordsstatementcanbeseenintheprosperitythatbusinesshasbroughttoU.S.life.OneofthemostimportantreasonssomanypeoplefromallovertheworldcometoliveintheUnitedStatesisthedreamofbetterjob.JobsareproducedinabundancebecausetheU.S.economicsystemisdrivenbycompetition.Peoplebelievethatthissystemcreatesmorewealth,morejobs,andamateriallybetterwayoflife.ThenegativesideofHenryFordsstatement,however,canbeseenwhenthewordbusinessistakentomeanbigbusiness.Andthetermbigbusiness-referringtothebiggestcompanies,isseeninoppositiontolabor.ThroughoutU.S.historyworkingpeoplehavehadtofighthardforhigherwages,betterworkingconditions,andtherighttoform.unions.Today,manyoftheoldlabordisputesareover,butthereisstillsomeemployeeanxiety.Downsizing-thelayingoffofthousandsofworkerstokeepexpenseslowandprofitshigh-createsfeelingsofinsecurityformany.

TheUnitedStatesisatypicalcountry()

A.whichencouragesfreetradeathomeandabroad

B.wherepeople'schiefconcernishowtomakemoney

C.whereallbusinessesaremanagedscientifically

D.whichnormallyworksaccordingtothefederalbudget

2、TheinfluenceofbusinessintheU.S.isevidencedbythefactthat()

A.mostnewspapersarerunbybigbusiness

B.evenpublicorganizationsconcentrateonworkingforprofits

C.Americansofallprofessionsknowhowtodobusiness

D.evenartsandentertainmentareregardedasbusiness

3、Accordingtothepassage,immigrantschoosetosettleintheU.S.,dreamingthat()

A.theycanstartprofitablebusinessesthere

B.theycanbemorecompetitiveinbusiness

C.theywillmakeafortuneovernightthere

D.theywillfindbetterchancesofemployment

4、HenryFord'sstatementcanbetakennegativelybecause()

A.workingpeoplearediscouragedtofightfortheirrights

B.therearemanyindustriescontrolledbyafewbigcapitalists

C.thereisaconflictingrelationshipbetweenbigcorporationsandlabor

D.publicservicesarenotrunbythefederalgovernment

5、Acompany'seffortstokeepexpenseslowandprofitshighmayresultin()

A.reductioninthenumberofemployees

B.improvementofworkingconditions

C.fewerdisputesbetweenlaborandmanagement

D.ariseinworkers'wages

6、Passage6ThebasicflagoftheUnitedStatesisoneoftheworldsoldestnationalflags.OnlythebasicflagsofAustria,Denmark,GreatBritaintheNetherlands,Sweden,andSwitzerlandareolderDuringthediscoveryandsettlementofwhatisnowtheUnitedStates,theflagsofvariousEuropeannationswereflownovertheland,assymbolsofpossessionLater,intheColonial(殖民的)andRevolutionaryWarperiods,flagsrepresentingfamouspersons,places,andeventswereflownintheAmericanColonies.ThefirstofficialflagoftheUnitedStateswascreatedbyCongress會(huì))onJune14,?1777.Itconsistedof13alternateredandwhitestripesand13whitestarsinafieldofblue,representingthe13coloniesthathaddeclaredtheirindependencein?1776.Congressadoptednewflagof15starsand15stripesin1795,togiverepresentationtothetwonewstatesadmittedintotheUnion,VermontandKentucky.By1817,therewere20statesintheUnionanditbecameapparentthataddingonestripeforeachnewstatewoulddestroytheshapeoftheflag.Asaresult,Congressin1818restoredtheoriginaldesigno