2023年自考專業(yè)英語英語閱讀一押題預(yù)測卷1

自考專業(yè)(英語)英語閱讀（一）押題預(yù)測卷1

一、CAREFULREADING

1、Therearetwobasicdifferencesbetweenthelargeandthesmallenterprises.Inthesmallenterpriseyouoperateprimarilythroughpersonalcontacts.Inthelargeenterpriseyouhaveestablishedpolicies,channelsoforganization,andfairlyrigidprocedures.Inthesmallenterpriseyouhave,moreover,immediateeffectivenessinaverysmallarea.Youcanseetheeffectofyourworkandofyourdecisionsrightaway,onceyouarealittleabovethegroundfloor.Inthelargeenterpriseeventhemanatthetopisonlypartofabigmachine.Tobesure,hisactionsaffectamuchgreaterareathantheactionsanddecisionsofthemaninthesmallorganization,buthiseffectivenessisremote,indirect,anddifficulttoseeatfirstsight.Inasmallandeveninamiddle-sizedbusinessyouarenormallyexposedtoallkindsofexperiences,andexpectedtodoagreatmanythingswithouttoomuchhelporguidance.Inthelargeorganizationyouarenormallytaughtonethingthoroughly.Inthesmallonethedangerisofbecomingajack-of-all-tradesandmasterofnone.Inthelargeoneitisofbecomingthemanwhoknowsmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.

Thereisoneotherimportantthingtoconsider:doyougetadeepsenseofsatisfactionfrombeingamemberofawell-knownorganization—GeneralMotors,theBellTelephoneSystem,thegovernment?Orisitmoreimportanttoyoutobeawell-knownandimportantfigurewithinyourownsmallpond?Thereisabasicdifferencebetweenthesatisfactionthatcomesfrombeingamemberofalarge,powerful,andgenerallyknownorganization,andtheonethatcomesfrombeingamemberofafamily;betweenimpersonalgrandeurandpersonaloftenmuchtoopersonalintimacy;betweenlifeinasmallofficeonthetopfloorofaskyscraperandlifeinacrossroadsgasstation.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthatinalargeenterprise______.()

A.newtechnologyisemployedquickly

B.allpeopleworkefficiently

C.one'seffectivenessisfeltveryslowly

D.onecangetpromotioneasily

2、Generallyspeaking,thepersonworkinginalargeenterprise______.()

A．hastodealwithagreatmanythings

B．knowshoweverythingisgoingonaroundhim

C．a(chǎn)cquiresincreasinglythoroughknowledgewithinalimitedfield

D．feelsmoresecurethantheoneemployedbyasmallenterprise

3、Inthesecondparagraph,thewritermentions"yourownsmallpond"toreferto______.()

A．a(chǎn)topleaderinalargeenterprise

B．a(chǎn)managerofasmallenterprise

C．a(chǎn)largeenterprise

D．a(chǎn)smallenterprise

4、Accordingtotheinformationprovidedinthepassage,ifyouareinterestedinpersonalintimacy,youshouldwork______.()

A．forGeneralMotors

B．fortheBellTelephoneSystem

C．inadepartmentinthegovernment

D．inacrossroadsgasstation

5、Thewriterofthispassage______.()

A．comparesthelargeandthesmallenterprisesobjectively

B．obviouslypreferstoworkforalargeenterprise

C．intendstoshowtheadvantagesofworkinginasmallbusiness

D．explainsthedisadvantagesofbeingatopleaderinalargebusiness

6、Forthemostpart,rapideconomicdevelopmenthasbeenaboon.Butthereisadownsidetodevelopment—healthproblemssuchasoverweightareallbecomingmoreprevalent,asmorepeopletaketaxistoworkinsteadofridingtheirbicycles,andotherlaborsavingdevicesbecomemorepopular.

Anincreasinglyfastpaceoflifemakesitdifficultforpeopletospendtimeworkingoutorplayingsports.Iknowexerciseisgoodforyourhealth,ayoungladysaidButafterabusyworkweek,theonlythingIwanttodoistowatchsomeTVandgotosleep.Thatattitudemayexplaintheresultsofarecentnationwidestudy,whichsuggested15percentofurbanadultsinChinaareoverweight,alargenumberofpeopleovertheageof40sufferfromhighbloodpressureandcardiacailments(心臟病).

Localresearchersfoundthat31.2percentofelderlyrespondentsweregettingenoughexercise,butlessthan9percentofyoungstersandthemiddleagedgotanadequateamountofphysicalactivityElderlypeopleunderstandtheimportanceofprotectingtheirhealth.Theyoungpeople,however,arebusyworkingandusethisasanexcusetoavoidexercise.Infact,physicalexercisedoesntrequiremuchtime,moneyoraspecialgymnasium.Peoplecanmakeuseofanytimeandanyplaceattheirconveniencetotakepartinsports.Walkingquickly,cycling,climbingthestairsanddancingareallhelpfulmethodstoenhanceoneshealth.

Thebenefitsofaddingalittlemoreactivitytoyourlifearepriceless.Thereisnoneedtobeanathlete,however,alocaldoctorsaidpeopleshouldwalkfor30minutesadayandtakepartinsomeotherphysicalactivitythreetofivetimesaweek.Hewarns,however,thatpeopleinpoorphysicalshapeshouldstartslowly,andbuildupovertime.Rapideconomicdevelopmenthasresultedinallthefollowingexcept______.()

A.anincreasingnumberoftaxipassengers

B.thewideuseoflaborsavingdevices

C.anincreasinglyfastpaceoflife

D.people'sawarenessoftheimportanceofexercise

7、Somepeoplearegettingoverweightbecause______.()

A．theyaretoobusytohaveanytimeforexercise

B．theyareignorantofthebenefitsofexercise

C．theyaretooweaktoparticipateinphysicalactivity

D．theyareshortofmoneytopayfordifferentexercises

8、Accordingtothepassage,whoneedregulardailyexercisemost?()

A．Peopletakingtaxistowork.

B．Urbanadultswithfull-timejobs.

C．Elderlypeoplesufferingfromhighbloodpressure.

D．Youngstersdreamingofbecomingprofessionalathletes.

9、Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?()

A．Manypeoplearestillunabletoaffordthecostofphysicalexercise.

B．Nobodyshouldtakepartinphysicalactivityinordertobeanathlete.

C．Moderatephysicalexerciseisusuallyenoughforordinarypeople.

D．Oldorsickpeopleshouldonlytakepartinphysicalexercisesoftheslowesttype.

10、Byreferringtorapideconomicdevelopmentas"aboon"atthebeginningofthepassage,theauthormeansthat______.()

A．ithasbenefitedthegenerpublicgreatly

B．ithasdoneharmtopeople'shealthnationwide

C．itisgoingfasterthananyonecouldhaveimagined

D．ithashelpedtoestablishapositiveandhealthylifestyleofthepublic

11、Themarketisaconcept.Ifyouaregrowingtomatoesinyourbackyardforsaleyouareproducingforthemarket.Youmightsellsometoyourneighborandsometothemanagerofthelocalsupermarket.Butineithercase,youareproducingforthemarket.Youreffortsarebeingdirectedbythemarket.Ifpeoplestopbuyingtomatoes,youwillstopproducingthem.

Ifyoutakecareofasickpersontoearnmoney,youareproducingforthemarket.Ifyourfatherisasteelworkeroratruckdriveroradoctororagrocer,heisproducinggoodsorserviceforthemarket.

Whenyouspendyourincome,youarebuyingthingsfromthemarket.Youmayspendmoneyinstores,supermarkets,gasstations,andrestaurants.Stillyouarebuyingfromthemarket.Whenthelocalgrocerhiresyoutodrivethedeliverytruck,heisbuyingyourlaborinthelabormarket.

Themarketmayseemtobesomethingabstract.Butforeachpersonorbusinesswhoismakingandsellingsomething,itsveryreal.Ifnobodybuysyourtomatoes,itwontbelongbeforeyougetthemessage.Themarketistellingyousomething.Itstellingyouthatyouareusingenergiesandresourcesindoingsomethingthemarketdoesntwantyoutodo.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?()

A.SellingandBuying.

B.WhatIstheMarket?

C.EverythingYouDoIsProducingfortheMarket.

D.WhattheMarketCanDoforYou?

12、Allofthefollowingactsareproducingforthemarketexcept______.()

A．workinginabank

B．printingabook

C．a(chǎn)ttendinganightschool

D．growingbeansforsale

13、Youarebuyingfromthemarketwhenyou______.()

A．borrowabookfromthelibrary

B．lookafteryourchildren

C．workinagasstation

D．dineatarestaurant

14、Theword"real"inthelastparagraphmaymostprobablymean______.()

A．serious

B．true

C．important

D．concrete

15、Inwhatwayisthemarketveryrealforeachpersonorbusinesswhoismakingandsellingsomething?()

A．Ittellsyouwhattoproduce.

B．Ittellsyouhowtogrowtomatoes.

C．Itprovidesyouwitheverythingyouneed.

D．Ithelpsyousavemoney.

16、TheYanomamiareapeoplelivinginvillagesbetween40and250peopleintheVenezuelanrainforest.Sincethe1960s,NapoleonChagnonhasstudiedseveralYanomamivillages,writtenawidely-readbookcalledTheFiercePeopleabouttheYanomamiandhelpedtoproduceseveralfilmsaboutthem.

ChagnonswritingsandfilmshavepromotedalongstandingviewoftheYanomamiasexceptionallyviolentandwar-loving.AccordingtoChagnon,aboutonethirdofadultYanomamimalesdieviolently,abouttwothirdsofalladultshadlostatleastonecloserelativethroughviolence,andover50percenthadlosttwoormorecloserelatives.Hehasreportedthatonevillagewasraided25timesduringhisfirst15monthsthere.

ChagnonprovidesasociobologicalexplanationforthefiercenessoftheYanomami.Heexplainsthatvillageraidsandwarfarearecarriedtoobtainwives.AlthoughtheYanomamiprefertomarrywithintheirvillage,thereisashortageofpotentialbridesbecausetheYanomamipracticethekillingoffemaleinfants,whichcreatesascarcityofwomen.WhiletheYanomamiprefertomarrywithintheirowngroup,takingawifefromanothergroupispreferabletoremainingabachelor.Meninothergroups,however,areunwillingtogiveuptheirwomen;hencethenecessityforraids.Chagnonalsoarguesthat,assuccessfulwarriorswillbeabletogainawifeormorethanonewife,theyoftenhavemorechildrenthanunsuccessfulones.Successfulwarriors,Chagnonsuggests,carryageneticadvantageforfierceness,whichtheypassontotheirsons,leadingtoahighgrowthrateofgroupswithviolentmalesthroughgeneticselectionforfierceness.Malefierceness,inthisview,isbiologicallydetermined.

MarvinHarris,whohasaculturalmaterialistperspective,saysthatfoodscarcityandpopulationintheareaaretheunderlyingcausesofwarfare.TheYanomamilackplentifulsourcesofmeat,whichishighlyvalued.Harrissuggeststhatwhenhuntinginanareawasexhausted,theYanomamiwouldventureintoterritoriesofneighboringgroups,thusgivingrisetoconflicts.Suchconflictsinturnresultedinhighrateofadultmaledeaths.Combinedwiththeeffectsoffemaleinfantkilling,thismeatwarfarecomplexkeptpopulationgrowthratedowntoalevelthattheenvironmentcouldsupport.

Incontrast,PatrickTierney,ajournalist,pointsthefingerofblametoalargeextentatChagnonhimself.TierneypresentsevidencethatitwasthepresenceofChagnonandhisteamofcore-searchersandmanyboxesoftradegoodsthattriggeredaseriesofdeadlyraids,fortheYanomamicompetedwithothergroupsforhistradegoods.Inaddition,TierneyarguesthatChagnonintentionallypromptedtheYanomamitoactfiercelyforhisfilmsandtostageraidsthatactuallyledtobadfeelingswheretheyhadnotexistedbefore.Thefirstsentenceinthesecondparagraphimpliesthat______.()

A.theYanomamiarefiercebynature

B.theYanomamiarehistoricallyafiercepeople

C.Chagnoninfluencedpeople'sviewoftheYanomami

D.ChagnonwasthediscovereroftheYanomamifierceness

17、AccordingtoChagnon'sexplanation,thefiercenessoftheYanomamioriginatesfrom______.()

A．thelackofmen

B．theshortageofwomen

C．thedesiretomarryout

D．thefearofmarryingwithin

18、Chagnon'sexplanationoftheYanomamisuggeststhatindividualpersonalityis______()

A．inborn

B．learned

C．reshaped

D．a(chǎn)cquired

19、MarvinHarrisexplainsthefiercenessoftheYanomamiintermsof______.()

A．biology

B．race

C．history

D．environment

20、Incontrasttootherresearchers,PatrickTierneyinterpretsissuesconcerningtheYanomamiastheresultoftheir______.()

A．nativeculture

B．primitivesociety

C．modernresearchers

D．primitiveenemies

二、SPEEDREADING

1、Readingskillsareveryimportant.ExpertsestimatethatitispossibleforanynormaladultEnglishspeakertoread1,000wordsaminuteandmore,withspecialtraining.Yetmoststudentsreadonlyabout300wordsperminute.Thefollowingprinciplesmightbehelpfulforforeignstudentswhowishtoincreasetheirreadingskills.

Alwaysreadfasterthaniscomfortable.Thefasteryournormalrateofreadingbecomes,thebetteryourunderstandingwillbe.

Keepreadingahead.Donotallowyourselftoregresswhilereading,evenwhenyoucomeacrossanewword.Ifsomeword,termorphrasehascloudedyourunderstanding,youshouldrereaditonlyafteryouhavereadtheentireparagraphthroughonce.Readselectively.Asyoureadmakeaconsciousefforttoscreenthenouns,pronouns,andverbsfromtheotherwords,sincethesearethewordsthatgivemeaningtowhatyouhaveread.Ineffect,youshouldreallyreadthenouns,pronounsandverbsandmerelyseetherestofthewordsinthesentence.

Readbeyondthelines.Asagoodreader,youshouldseeideasimpliedthroughthewords,andbridgethegapbetweentheobviousandthesuggested,thusobtainingmuchmoreinformation.Becausethereadingassignmentsinmostcollegecoursesareverylong,studentsshouldplantoreadeveryday.If,however,theyfindthattheycannotcompletealltheassignedreadingsinthebeginning,theyshouldnotpanic.Instead,theyshouldasktheirclassmateshowmuchtheyarereadingandattempttolearnfromthemwhattoreadfirstandwhattopostponeuntilalaterdate.Becausemuchofthepastlearningexperienceofforeignstudentsmayhavebeenforthepurposeofpassingexaminations,theymightbeinclinedtoputoffstudyinguntillateintheterm.Suchbehavior.canresultinfailureintheUSsystem,whereassignmentsmustbecompletedontimeanddoneregularlyeachday.Withspecialtraining,anormaladultEnglishspeakermayreadwordsperminute.()

A.300

B.Lessthan1,000

C.1,000

D.1,000andmore

2、Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthetypeofvocabularythereadershouldnotspendmuchtimeonwhilereading?()

A．Nouns.

B．Pronouns.

C．Prepositions.

D．Verbs.

3、Whatprincipleshouldforeignstudentsfollowwhentheycomeacrossanewwordwhilereading?()

A．Alwaysreadfasterthaniscomfortable.

B．Keepreadingahead.

C．Readselectively.

D．Readbeyondthelines.

4、Accordingtothepassage,whoshouldthestudentturntoforadviceifhecannotcompletealltheassignedreadingsinthebeginning?()

A．Histeacher.

B．Hissupervisor.

C．Histutor.

D．Hisclassmates.

5、IntheUnitedStates,theforeignstudentsmustdotheirreadingassignments.()

A．everyday

B．untillateintheterm

C．rightaftertheirclass

D．inthewaytheirteachershavesuggested

6、GlennGouldwasperhapsthegreatestandmostunusualmusicianevertocomefromCanada.ThousandsofpeoplethroughouttheworldknewaboutGlennGouldandlovedhismusic.Butonenight,afterplayingaconcertinChicago,Gouldmadeanannouncementthatshockedallhisfans.Althoughhewasonly33yearsold,hesaidhewouldnevergiveanotherconcertorplaythepianoonstageagain.ButGlennGoulddidnotstopplayingthepianocompletely.Instead,hemaderecords.Helovedbeingabletoworkonarecordinguntilthemusicwasperfect.Heneverwentbacktoplayonstage,wherehismusicmightnotbeperfect.GlennGould'srecordingsareunusualbecausehehadacurioushabitofsingingandhummingalongwiththemusicheplayed.Anyonewholistenscloselycanhearthissingingonmanyofhisrecords.Singingwhileheplayedwasnothis