遼寧省葫蘆島市普通高中2022-2023學(xué)年高三質(zhì)量監(jiān)測考試英語試題（解析版）

第1頁/共1頁2023年1月葫蘆島市普通高中學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測考試高三英語考生注意：1.試卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.本考試分設(shè)試卷和答題紙。試卷包括I卷和Ⅱ卷兩部分。3.答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙上按要求填寫信息，并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置上。作答必須涂或?qū)懺诖痤}紙上，在試卷上作答一律不得分。I卷部分的作答必須涂在答題紙上相應(yīng)的區(qū)域，Ⅱ卷部分的作答必須寫在答題紙上與試卷題號對應(yīng)的位置。第Ⅰ卷(三部分，共95分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)：滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoing?A.Seeingaplay.B.Goingonadiet.C.Havingsomeicecream.2.Whatdidtheboyforgetyesterday?A.Hisruler.B.Hisglasses.C.Hisschoolbag.3.Whatwillthewomandothisafternoon?A.Gotothepark.B.Takepictures.C.Attendaclass.4.Whatarethespeakersprobablytalkingabout?A.Ahandbag.B.Adress.C.Aphone.5.Howdoesthemanusuallytravel?A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.Bytrain.第二節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘：聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6和第7兩個小題。6.Whycan’tthespeakersgotothezoo?A.Itisn’topen.B.Theycan’taffordit.C.Ithasmovedaway.7.Whathavethespeakersdecidedtodo?A.Stayathome.B.Gohorse-riding.C.Gotothemovies.聽下面一段對話，回答第8和第9兩個小題。8.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Oldteammates.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Formerclassmates.9.Whatisthewomanmoreinterestedinnow?A.Playingtennis.B.Playingthepiano.C.Playingbasketball.聽下面一段對話，回答第10至12三個小題。10.Whichsubjectdoestheboyprobablyprefer?A.History.B.Politics.C.Art.11.Whatdothegirl’sparentsexpecthertobe?A.Arestaurantmanager.B.Apolitician.C.Ateacher.12.Whatisthegirlgoodat?A.Dealingwithpeople.B.Workingwithkids.C.Paintingpictures.聽下面一段對話，回答第13至16四個小題。13.Whatinformationcanvisitorslearnaboutinthemuseum?A.Differenttrees.B.Wildbirds.C.Theweather.14.Whendidthewomanvisitthemuseum?A.LastThursday.B.LastSaturday.C.LastSunday15.Howlongdidittakethewomantogetbackhomefromthemuseum?A.About15minutes.B.About20minutesC.About30minutes16.Whocangetfreeaccesstothemuseum?A.Oneunder15.B.Oneunder17.C.Oneunderll聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第17至20四個小題。17.Whatdidthespeakerdoyesterdaymorning?A.Shewatchedaplay.B.Shevisitedanoldtheater.C.Shewenttoafishingvillage.18.Whatdidthespeakervisitduringtheguidedtour?A.Apalace.B.Theruinsofalibrary.C.Thesea.19.Wheredidthespeakerhavelunchyesterday?A.Besideawaterfall.B.Nexttoalake.C.Inavillage.20.Whatdidthespeakerthinkofhertriptothecarpetfactory?A.Dull.B.Unforgettable.C.Fantastic.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AFunSummerBooksforGrades9—12Yes,evensomehigh-schoolsappreciaterecommendationsforvacationbooks.Encourageyourhigh-schoolchildtoreadwiththislistofapproachableteentitles.Orsurpriseyourteenwithoneofthesebookswhenyoureachthebeachandboredomsetsin!?BrownGirlDreaming,byJacquelineWoodsonThiscollectionofsimplepoemsrevealswhatitwasliketogrowupasayoungAfricanAmericangirlinthe1960sand1970s.Woodson’sautobiographicalpoetryoverflowswithloveforherfamily.BrownGirlDreamingwonmultipleawards,soilmaybeassignedclassreadingincomingyears.?TunnelVision,bySusanAdrianJakehasasecretskill.Whenheholdssomethingthatbelongstoanotherperson,hecanlocatethem,wherevertheyare.OncethegovernmentlearnsofJake’spowers,itinsiststhatheusehisskilltofindcriminals.Inthisspynovel,Jakehastodecidejusthowfarhe’swillingtoriskhisownsafetyinordertoprotectandhelpothers.Itisaseriesofmoderngraphicnovelsthathavethelookofclassiccartoons.?TheShadowHero,byGeneLuenYangCanyourmomforceyoutobecomeasuperhero?That’swhatHankChufindsout.AChineseAmericanteenin1940，Hankisreluctanttostanduptothegangs(匪徒)inhisneighborhoodwhothreatenhisfamily’sgrocerystore.ButasthemaskedGreenTurtle,hemayjusthavetheconfidencetoprotecthisfamilyandfightback.?HalfMyFacebookFriendsAreFerrets,byJ.A.BuckleThingsaren’texactlypanningoutfor17-year-oldJosh.Hewantslobeaheavymetalguitarist.Andheandhispalswishtheyhadgirlfriends.Butregularteenageobstacleslikebossyparentsandpoorself-confidencehavebeenholdinghimback.1.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.Teachers. B.Parents. C.Teenagers. D.Vacationers.2.Whichbookbestsuitspeoplewhoadorepicturebooks?A.TunnelVision. B.TheShadowHero.C.BrownGirlDreaming. D.HalfMyFacebookFriendsAreFerrets.3.WhatdoBrownGirlDreamingandTheShadowherohaveincommon?A.Botharesetinthe1940s. B.Bothwonseveralawards.C.Bothwillbetaughtatschools. D.Bothreflectcareforthefamily.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章推薦了一些9到12年級的暑期趣味讀物?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Encourageyourhigh-schoolchild…(鼓勵你上高中的孩子……)”和“Orsurpriseyourteen…(或者給你的孩子驚喜……)”可知，本文目標(biāo)讀者為青少年孩子的家長，故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段對TunnelVision描述的最后一句“Itisaseriesofmoderngraphicnovelsthathavethelookofclassiccartoons.(這是一系列具有經(jīng)典動畫片外觀的現(xiàn)代漫畫小說)”可知，TunnelVision為漫畫小說，適合喜歡圖畫書的人。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段對BrownGirlDreaming的描述“Woodson’sautobiographicalpoetryoverflowswithloveforherfamily.(Woodson的自傳體詩歌充滿了對家人的愛)”和第四段對TheShadowHero的描述“ButasthemaskedGreenTurtle,hemayjusthavetheconfidencetoprotecthisfamilyandfightback.(但作為蒙面綠海龜，他可能只是有信心保護(hù)他的家人和反擊)”可知，兩者的共同點(diǎn)是反映了對家人的關(guān)愛，故選D。BWeboughtaShamrocktrailer(房車)inthefallof2019inanticipation(期待)ofourthree-monthjourneytoBaja,Mexico.Thecamper(露營車)wouldbehomebaseforallthefunandadventureourfamily,myself,myhusbandandourthreeteenagers,wouldhavealltheway.IttookthreedaystodrivefromCalgarytoLasVegasandthetemperaturewentfromnegative30to15°F-amiracle!ButbythetimewemadeittoSanDiego,California,wehadvisitedtwoRVmechanicstofixwaterleakingfromthewatertankandabedheaterblowingup.Thankfully,whilewewaitedforrepairs,wecouldlistentowaveslappingontheshore.Eventually,wecrossedtheborderintoMexicoatTijuanaandpushedourwaydowntheshorecoast.Whileweswam,ateMexicanfoodandwatchedsunsets,theShamrockkeptthrowingussurprises.Wealllearnedtosavor(盡情享受)thegoodmomentswhiledealingwiththebad.DrivingthroughUtah,ourtruckbeganmakingnoises.Thetruck’senginehadcompletelybroken,andweneededanewone.Weholedup(躲)inSt.George,Utah,towaitforrepairs.Oneevening,wewereheatingupdinnerwhentheovenletoutabigWHUMP!Thewholecampershook.Afterafewweeks,weleftourtruckinUtah—theenginerepairwasn’tgoingtoowell—anddrovehometoCalgary.Therecouldnothavebeenfivetravelerssohappytostayintheirhousefortwoweeks.Eventually,wehiredsomeonetodriveourtruckandtheShamrocktoCalgary,buthearrivedwithjustthetruck.Thecamperwascausingproblems,andthekeysgotlost,soitwasleftinIdaho.It’sstillthere;werecentlymarkeditsone-and-a-half-yearanniversaryofstorage.Thisbringsmetothepointofthisessay:ForSale:Alively30-footShamrockcamper.Keepsyouonyourtoes!Sleepsfive.S9,000.Pick-upissomewhereinIdaho.Bringsometoolstobreakintoit.4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’sself-drivingtour?A.Thetourlastedforaboutonemonth.B.TheydroveaShamrockallthewayduringthetour.C.TheirtruckstoppedworkingwhentheyarrivedatSanDiego.D.Theyenjoyedthetourdespitesomeunexpectedproblems.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surprises”meaninparagraph3?A.Breakdowns. B.Beautifulscenery.C.Amazingfunctions. D.Qualityafter-salesservice.6.Whatisthetoneofthearticle?A.Unhappy. B.Serious. C.Amusing. D.Exciting.7.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthearticle?A.Tosuggesttheplacestotravel.B.ToadvertiseherShamerockcamper.C.Torecordthehappymomentsinlife.D.Tocomplainabouthercampers.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者和家人駕駛Shamerock露營車去Baja。途中露營車問題百出，但幸運(yùn)的是他們欣賞到了美妙的景色。作者最終決定賣掉這輛露營車。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“IttookthreedaystodrivefromCalgarytoLasVegasandthetemperaturewentfromnegative30to15F-amiracle!ButbythetimewemadeittoSanDiego,California,wehadvisitedtwoRVmechanicstofixwaterleakingfromthewatertankandabedheaterblowingup.Thankfully,whilewewaitedforrepairs,wecouldlistentowaveslappingontheshore.(從卡爾加里開車到拉斯維加斯花了三天時(shí)間，氣溫從零下30華氏度上升到15華氏度——真是奇跡!但當(dāng)我們到達(dá)加州圣地亞哥時(shí)，我們已經(jīng)拜訪了兩名房車修理工，修理水箱漏水和床加熱器爆炸的問題。值得慶幸的是，在等待維修的時(shí)候，我們可以聽到海浪拍擊海岸的聲音)”和第三段的“Whileweswam,ateMexicanfoodandwatchedsunsets,theShamrockkeptthrowingussurprises.Wealllearnedtosavor(盡情享受)thegoodmomentswhiledealingwiththebad.(當(dāng)我們游泳、吃墨西哥菜、看日落時(shí)，Shamrock不斷給我們帶來驚喜。我們都學(xué)會了在處理不好的事情時(shí)享受美好的時(shí)刻)”可知，雖然遭遇了意料之外的問題，但他們都很享受那次旅行。故選D。【5題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的“Thankfully,whilewewaitedforrepairs,wecouldlistentowaveslappingontheshore.(值得慶幸的是，在等待維修的時(shí)候，我們可以聽到海浪拍擊海岸的聲音)”，和第三段的“Wealllearnedtosavor(盡情享受)thegoodmomentswhiledealingwiththebad.(我們都學(xué)會了在處理不好的事情時(shí)享受美好的時(shí)刻)”可知，surprise是反語，事實(shí)上是指旅途中車出的問題。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“It’sstillthere;werecentlymarkeditsone-and-a-half-yearanniversaryofstorage.(它還在那里;我們最近紀(jì)念了它儲存一年半的紀(jì)念日)”和最后一段“Thisbringsmetothepointofthisessay:ForSale:Alively30-footShamrockcamper.Keepsyouonyourtoes!Sleepsfive.S9,000.Pick-upissomewhereinIdaho.Bringsometoolstobreakintoit.(這讓我想到了這篇文章的要點(diǎn)：出售：一輛30英尺長的活潑的Shamrock營車。讓你保持警覺!睡五個人。S9,000。接車地點(diǎn)在愛達(dá)荷州。帶些工具進(jìn)去)”中的anniversaryofstorage，lively，keepsyouonyourtoes，somewhereinIdaho等詞推知，作者寫本文的口吻是有趣的、逗人開心的。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thisbringsmetothepointofthisessay:ForSale:Alively30-footShamrockcamper.Keepsyouonyourtoes!Sleepsfive.S9,000.Pick-upissomewhereinIdaho.Bringsometoolstobreakintoit.(這讓我想到了這篇文章的要點(diǎn)：出售：一輛30英尺長的活潑的Shamrock營車。讓你保持警覺!睡五個人。S9,000。接車地點(diǎn)在愛達(dá)荷州。帶些工具進(jìn)去)”可知，作者寫本文的目的是為自己的Shamerock打廣告，希望把它賣掉。故選B。CHaveyoueverthrownacamel?Camelsarelargeandheavyanimals,soitwouldbehardtodoso.ButintheFrench-speakingDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,“tothrowacamel”isawayofsaying“tomakeaspellingmistake”.Inthepast,aphraselikethatwasnotacceptedbytheFrenchgovernmentasanofficialFrenchterm.Butrecently,theFrenchMinistryofCultureworkedonanewkindofdictionarythatacceptstheideathatmanypeopleinothercountriesandregionsspeakthelanguage.ThelanguagehaschangedastimegoesbyandisdifferentinplaceslikeIvoryCoastinWestAfricaorQuebecinCanada,comparedtohowitisinParis.ThenewonlineFrenchdictionaryincludesnewFrenchwordsfromaroundtheworld.Itwasreleased(發(fā)布)onMarch18—justintimeforInternationalFrancophonieDayonMarch20.Afteritsrelease,itisupdated(更新)onaregularbasis.Itnowcontainsabout600,000terms.TheFrenchCultureMinistersaysthedictionaryisnotjustforFrance’s67millioncitizens,butforthe300millionFrenchspeakersworldwide.Supporterssaythenewdictionaryismoredemocratic(大眾化的)thanearlierFrenchdictionariesthatonlyshowedthewayhighlyeducatedFrenchpeoplespoke.OfficialdictionariesproducedbytheFrenchAcademyinPariswerefirstpublishedhundredsofyearsagoandareregularlyupdated.Theonlinedictionary,however,hasanewpartyoucannotfindinabook.IfyouliveinSenegal,forexample,youcansearchthedictionary,anditwillgiveyouthemeaningofawordbasedonitsuseinthatcountry.“TheFrenchnolongerhaveamonopoly(獨(dú)占)onFrench,”aFrenchmagazinethatsupportsthedictionarywroterecently.“Andthatisgoodnews”.8.Whatdoweknowaboutthephrase“tothrowacamel”?A.Ittellsuscamelsaretoolargetobethrown.B.ItcanbefoundinanancientFrenchdictionary.C.ItisaphrasestillnotacceptedbytheFrenchgovernment.D.Itcanbeusedwhenyouseesomeonemakesaspellingmistake.9.HowistheonlineFrenchdictionarydifferentfromotherdictionaries?A.Itneedsupdatingregularly. B.Itismainlyfornon-Frenchspeakers.C.IttakesinworldwideFrenchusages. D.ItincludesfewofficialFrenchterms.10.Whatdothesupportersthinkofthedictionary?A.IthelpsspreadstandardFrench. B.It’llattractmorepeopletolearnFrench.C.It’llbenefitFrench’sdevelopment. D.Itbrings300millionFrenchspeakers.11.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Culture. B.Opinion. C.Technology. D.Lifestyle.【答案】8.D9.C10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個新在線詞典，這個詞典叫做講法語者詞典，收錄了來自世界各地的新法語單詞。文章還介紹了這一詞典的特點(diǎn)以及想法的起源?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句話“ButintheFrench-speakingDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,“tothrowacamel”isawayofsaying“tomakeaspellingmistake”.(但在講法語的剛果民主共和國，“扔駱駝”是“犯拼寫錯誤”的一種說法)”可知，如果在剛果民主共和國用法語對別人說“扔駱駝”，意思就是這個人犯了拼寫錯誤。故選D。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句話“Inthepast,aphraselikethatwasnotacceptedbytheFrenchgovernmentasanofficialFrenchterm.(在過去，這樣的短語不被法國政府接受為官方法語術(shù)語)”以及第二段的第一句話“ThenewonlineFrenchdictionaryincludesnewFrenchwordsfromaroundtheworld.(新的在線法語詞典收錄了來自世界各地的法語新詞)”可知，該法語在線詞典的特殊之處在于它收錄了世界各地的法語用法。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句話“Supporterssaythenewdictionaryismoredemocratic(大眾化的)thanearlierFrenchdictionariesthatonlyshowedthewayhighlyeducatedFrenchpeoplespoke.(支持者表示，新詞典比早期的法語詞典更民主，早期的法語字典只顯示了受過高等教育的法國人的說話方式)”以及最后一段““TheFrenchnolongerhaveamonopoly(獨(dú)占)onFrench,”aFrenchmagazinethatsupportsthedictionarywroterecently.“Andthatisgoodnews”.(“法國人不再壟斷法語，”一家支持該詞典的法國雜志最近寫道。“這是個好消息”)”可知，在支持者們看來，這一詞典更加大眾化，法語不再是法國人的“專享物”了。由此可推斷，它更有利于法語的發(fā)展。故選C。【11題詳解】文章出處題。文章主要介紹了一個新的在線詞典，這個詞典叫做講法語者詞典，收錄了來自世界各地的新法語單詞。文章還介紹了這一詞典的特點(diǎn)以及想法的起源。由此可知，本文可能出自報(bào)紙的文化板塊。故選A。DHaveyoueverwonderedwhathappenstoalloftheoldobjectslaunchedintospace,suchasrocketsandsatellites?It’scalledspacejunk,andmuchofitisstillouttherenow.AccordingtoNASA,thedefinitionofspacejunkis“anyman-madeobjectinorbit(軌道)aroundEarththatnolongerservesausefulfunction”.Onelargepieceofspacejunk,adisusedrocket,hitthedarksideofthemoononMarch4.Therocket’soriginisnotclear,butscientistsknowthatitwasmassive–weighingabout3tons.Itmusthaveleftalargecrater(坑),estimated10to20meterswide,onthemoon’ssurface.Itwon’tbevisiblerightaway,butscientistsaretryingtolocateit.“Wewillfindthecrater,eventually,”MarkRobinson,leadinvestigatorforNASALunarReconnaissanceOrbiterCamera,toldUSATODAY.“Dependingonitslocation,itcouldtakeaslongas28days.”What’ssignificantaboutthisspacejunkcrashisthatitdrawsattentiontosomeofthepotentialdangersofspacejunk.First,theaccumulationofspacejunkinEarth’sorbitmeansthatsatellitesandtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)areatrisk.In2016,tinyspacedebris(殘骸),smallerthanamillimeter,causedatinychipintheISS’window.Imaginethedamagethatalargerpieceofdebriscouldcause.TheEuropeanSpaceAgencywebsitestatesthatobjects“upto1cminsizecoulddisableaninstrumentoracriticalflightsystemonasatellite”whileobjectsover10cm“couldshatterasatelliteorspacecraftintopieces”.Ifthissoundsterrifying,that’sbecauseitis.Anycollisionwithlargerpiecesofdebriscouldbeespeciallydangerousformannedspacecraft.Inadditiontopotentialdamagetospacecraftandsatellites,spacejunkalsoposesathreattotheEarthitself.Crashescansenddebrisintotheatmospherewhereitcanremainformanydecades.Somepowerfulcollisionscanevensendlargedebrishurtling(猛沖)towardEarth’ssurfacewhereitcanaffectthelocalenvironment.Leftoverrocketdebriscancontaintoxicmaterialsthatareharmfultoplantandanimallife.SomepeopleinSiberiahaveevenreportedserioushealthproblemsafterrocketdebrislandedintheirregionsin2012,alocaldoctortoldtheBBC.12.Whichofthefollowingcanberegardedasspacejunk?A.Anabandonedspacestation.B.Aspacecraftorbitingthemoon.C.Acrateronthemoon’ssurface.D.AsatelliteworkinginlowEarthorbit.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph2?A.Trackingtherocket. B.Locatingthecrater.C.Cleaningupthespacejunk. D.Findingouttherocket’sorigin.14.Whydoestheauthormentionthedamagecausedbytinyspacedebrisin2016?A.Tocomparetheeffectsofdebrisofdifferentsizes.B.Toprovethespacedebrisproblemisgettingworse.C.Toillustratethepotentialdangersofspacejunk.D.Toexplainthenecessityofremovingspacejunk.15.Whatcanbeinferredaboutspacejunkfromthelastparagraph?A.It’slikelytocauseaglobalenvironmentalcrisis.B.Itcanposealastingthreatifitremainsintheatmosphere.C.It’simpossibletostopitfromenteringtheatmosphere.D.Thetoxicmaterialscontainedinspacejunkarethebiggestthreatitposes.【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了太空垃圾對于太空，地球，以及人類會造成的潛在的威脅以及傷害?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“AccordingtoNASA,thedefinitionofspacejunkis“anyman-madeobjectinorbit(軌道)aroundEarththatnolongerservesausefulfunction”.(根據(jù)美國宇航局的定義，太空垃圾是“任何在地球周圍軌道(軌道)上不再具有有用功能的人造物體”)”可知，廢棄的空間站屬于不再具有有用功能的人造物體，因此是太空垃圾。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第四句““Wewillfindthecrater,eventually,”MarkRobinson,leadinvestigatorforNASALunarReconnaissanceOrbiterCamera,toldUSATODAY.“Dependingonitslocation,itcouldtakeaslongas28days.”(“我們最終會找到隕石坑的，”美國宇航局月球勘測軌道飛行器照相機(jī)的首席研究員馬克·羅賓遜告訴《今日美國》?！案鶕?jù)它的位置，可能需要長達(dá)28天?！?”可知，這里說的it指代上文提到的隕石坑的位置。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“What’ssignificantaboutthisspacejunkcrashisthatitdrawsattentiontosomeofthepotentialdangersofspacejunk.(這次太空垃圾撞擊事件的意義在于，它引起了人們對太空垃圾潛在危險(xiǎn)的關(guān)注)”可知，作者再次在后面列舉2016年的微小的太空碎片造成的破壞的事件是為了闡述太空垃圾可能造成的潛在危險(xiǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Inadditiontopotentialdamagetospacecraftandsatellites,spacejunkalsoposesathreattotheEarthitself.Crashescansenddebrisintotheatmospherewhereitcanremainformanydecades.Somepowerfulcollisionscanevensendlargedebrishurtling(猛沖)towardEarth’ssurfacewhereitcanaffectthelocalenvironment.(除了對航天器和衛(wèi)星的潛在損害外，太空垃圾也對地球本身構(gòu)成威脅。撞擊會將碎片送入大氣層，并在那里停留數(shù)十年。一些強(qiáng)大的碰撞甚至可以將大型碎片沖向地球表面，從而影響當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境)”可知，太空垃圾留在大氣層中會造成持續(xù)的威脅。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Empathy,theabilitytounderstandandco-experiencethefeelingsandthoughtsofotherpeople,isprobablyoneofthemostimportantskillsapersoncanhave.____16____?Humansaresocialanimals.Thereareveryfewactivitiesthathumanstakepartinthatdon’tinvolveothers.____17____Itallowsyoutoperceiveothers’motives,treatthemthewaytheywanttobetreated,understandhowothersperceiveyou,andsoon.?Itletsyoubetterunderstandnon-verbalcomponentsofcommunication.____18____Peoplewhoarenotempathetichaveahardtimereadingbetweenthelinesofconversations.Theycannotunderstandthatwhattheotherpersonmeanstocommunicateisdifferentfromwhattheyactuallysay.?____19____Whenyouunconsciouslyperceivewhattheotherpartywantsandneedsandcanunderstandexactlywhytheywantit,reachinga“win-win”solutiongetseasier.Youdon’thavetoblindlysearchforawayout.?ItbroadensyourhorizonsSeeingtheworldfromotherpeople’sperspectivesletsyouperceiveittoafullerextent.Whenyouareabletolookatlifefromotherpeople’spointofview,youareabletoliveamorefulfilledlife.____20____Thus,achievinghigherlevelsofempathyoftenmeansachievinggreaterfulfilmentashumanbeings.A.Itmakesyoubetterathandlingconflicts.B.Ithelpsyouintroduceyourideastoothers.C.Empathybasicallyiswhatmakesushuman.D.Humansalwaysliveandworkwitheachother.E.Sowhyexactlyisempathysoimportantforus?F.Communicationissomuchmorethanwhatwordsexpress.G.Therefore,theabilitytobetterunderstandothersandreadtheirfeelingsisanadvantage.【答案】16.E17.G18.F19.A20.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。同理心，即理解并共同體驗(yàn)他人的情感和想法的能力，可能是一個人能擁有的最重要的技能之一。文章主要說明了同理心對我們重要的四點(diǎn)原因。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Empathy,theabilitytounderstandandco-experiencethefeelingsandthoughtsofotherpeople,isprobablyoneofthemostimportantskillsapersoncanhave.(同理心，即理解并共同體驗(yàn)他人的情感和想法的能力，可能是一個人能擁有的最重要的技能之一)”可知，上文解釋了同理心的概念，指出這是最重要的技能之一，結(jié)合后文說明了同理心為什么重要，故E選項(xiàng)“那么同理心到底為什么對我們?nèi)绱酥匾?？”符合語境，故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thereareveryfewactivitiesthathumanstakepartinthatdon’tinvolveothers.(很少有人類參與的活動是不涉及他人的)”以及后文“Itallowsyoutoperceiveothers’motives,treatthemthewaytheywanttobetreated,understandhowothersperceiveyou,andsoon.(它能讓你感知他人的動機(jī)，以他們希望被對待的方式對待他們，理解別人如何看待你，等等)”可知，上文提到很少有人類參與的活動是不涉及他人，后文則在說明同理心的優(yōu)勢，可知本句與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，指出能夠更好地理解別人和讀懂他們的感受是一種優(yōu)勢，故G選項(xiàng)“因此，能夠更好地理解別人和讀懂他們的感受是一種優(yōu)勢”符合語境，故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)標(biāo)題“?Itletsyoubetterunderstandnon-verbalcomponentsofcommunication.(·它能讓你更好地理解交流中的非語言成分)”以及后文“Peoplewhoarenotempathetichaveahardtimereadingbetweenthelinesofconversations.Theycannotunderstandthatwhattheotherpersonmeanstocommunicateisdifferentfromwhattheyactuallysay.(沒有同理心的人很難從對話的字里行間讀懂意思。他們無法理解對方想表達(dá)的意思和他們實(shí)際說的不一樣)”可知，后文提到?jīng)]有同理心的人無法讀懂人們真正想要表達(dá)的意思，可見本段主要是在說明溝通不僅僅是語言表達(dá)的東西，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)中Communication對應(yīng)標(biāo)題中communication。故F選項(xiàng)“溝通不僅僅是語言表達(dá)的東西”符合語境，故選F?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Whenyouunconsciouslyperceivewhattheotherpartywantsandneedsandcanunderstandexactlywhytheywantit,reachinga“win-win”solutiongetseasier.Youdon’thavetoblindlysearchforawayout.(當(dāng)你不自覺地感知到對方想要什么和需要什么，并能確切地理解他們?yōu)槭裁聪胍?，達(dá)成一個“雙贏”的解決方案會變得更容易。你不必盲目地尋找出路)”可知，本段的中心內(nèi)容是同理心可以幫助達(dá)成“雙贏”，即更好地處理沖突，故A選項(xiàng)“它會讓你更好地處理沖突”符合小標(biāo)題，故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Thus,achievinghigherlevelsofempathyoftenmeansachievinggreaterfulfilmentashumanbeings.(因此，獲得更高水平的同理心通常意味著作為人類獲得更大的成就)”可知，后文提到了“獲得更高水平的同理心通常意味著作為人類獲得更大的成就”，可見本句是在強(qiáng)調(diào)同理心對于人類的重要作用，C選項(xiàng)中human對應(yīng)后文中humanbeings。故C選項(xiàng)“同理心使我們成為人類”符合語境，故選C。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Yearsago,aneighbourkidkickedafootballandbrokeasmall___21___ofourhouse.Wewereafamilylivingonasmall___22___atthetime,soIboardeditup,thinkingI’dgettoitsomeday.Overtheyears,I’dsometimesasksomeadvicefromwindowcompanies.Theplanwastoupgradetoenergy-efficientwindowsforthewholehouse,an___23___process—$15,000.Itwassimplyoutof___24___andIturneditdownagain.___25___thethoughtofthatwindowateatmeforyears.EverytimeIwentdownthere,itkept___26___me.IknewIneededtodealwithit,butIhadbuiltupthe___27___somuchinmymindthatIputitoffagainandagain.Thenmywifehadajob___28___,andweneededtomove.A___29___buyercouldn’tgetaloanonthehouseiftherewasa___30___window.SoIpulledofftheboardstofacethisthing.Ithadalreadybeenforatleast5years.Iusedsomerustremover(除銹劑),sprayedallaroundtherustedframe,andgaveita___31___pull.Tomy___32___,iteasilymoved.Ipulledthewindowoutandtookitdowntown.Itwasa12fix.Icouldhavefixedtheproblemfor12the___33___daywhenithappened.ButIletitworrymeforyears.___34___,thisisn’tjustaboutmywindow.Manyofustendtolivewithbrokenwindowsofonetypeoranotherforyears.Wesuffermorein___35___thaninreality.Stepforward,andyou’llfindasolution.21.A.roof B.window C.door D.curtain22.A.salary B.fame C.passion D.chance23.A.accessible B.official C.expensive D.energetic24.A.order B.balance C.breath D.reach25.A.Therefore B.Besides C.However D.Instead26.A.replying B.troubling C.driving D.reporting27.A.difficulty B.confidence C.joy D.harm28.A.change B.interest C.habit D.journey29.A.polite B.weak C.weird D.potential30.A.defeated B.fitted C.broken D.cured31.A.lazy B.strong C.familiar D.strange32.A.disappointment B.embarrassment C.astonishment D.encouragement33.A.same B.different C.early D.new34.A.Frequently B.Actually C.Consequently D.Unexpectedly35.A.experiment B.discussion C.reaction D.imagination【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.C26.B27.A28.A29.D30.C31.B32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。講述了作者家的窗戶被打破后，他沒有及時(shí)修理，被這個問題困擾了多年。多年后卻發(fā)現(xiàn)原來只需要12美元就可以解決這個問題，借此告訴人們遭遇困難和麻煩時(shí)，與其被想象中的困難打倒，不妨試試實(shí)踐起來，或許就能得到一個解決辦法。21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幾年前，一個鄰居家的小孩踢球打壞了我家的一扇小窗戶。A.roof房頂；B.window窗戶；C.door門；D.curtain窗簾。根據(jù)后文中的“Overtheyears,I’dsometimesasksomeadvicefromwindowcompanies.”可知，此處被打破的是“窗戶”。故選B項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們?nèi)叶家揽恳环菸⒈〉墓べY生活。A.salary薪資；B.fame名譽(yù)；C.passion熱情；D.chance機(jī)會。根據(jù)該句以及后文“SoIpulledofftheboards.”可知作者家當(dāng)時(shí)依靠一份微薄的“工資”生活，窗戶被打破后，作者只好先用木板將其封住。故選A項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：該計(jì)劃是為整個房子升級為節(jié)能窗戶，這是一個昂貴的過程，花費(fèi)15000美元。A.accessible可接近的；B.official官方的；C.expensive昂貴的；D.energetic精力充沛的。根據(jù)“Theplanwastoupgradetoenergy-efficientwindowsforthewholehouse...$15,000.”可知，該公司提供的方案是將全屋的窗戶升級為節(jié)能窗戶，這對于作者來說是“昂貴的”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這簡直是遙不可及，我又拒絕了。A.order順序；B.balance平衡；C.breath呼吸；D.reach波及范圍。根據(jù)前文“an3process—$15,000.”可知，作者由于經(jīng)濟(jì)原因用木板封住窗戶，所以15,000美元的花費(fèi)對于作者來說“遙不可及”，outofreach表“遙不可及”，符合句意。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，多年來，一想到那扇窗戶，我就心煩意亂。A.Therefore因此；B.Besides而且；C.However然而；D.Instead反而。由后文“ateatmeforyears”可知，作者因?yàn)閮r(jià)格拒絕了窗戶修理的方案，“然而”卻被窗戶的問題困擾多年。這兩件事存在邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每次我去那里，它總是困擾著我。A.replying回應(yīng)；B.troubling困擾；C.driving驅(qū)使；D.reporting報(bào)道。根據(jù)前文“thethoughtofthatwindowateatmeforyears”可知，窗戶問題一直“困擾著”作者。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我知道我需要解決它，但我已經(jīng)在腦海中建立了這么多的困難，以至于我一次又一次地拖延。A.difficulty困難；B.confidence自信；C.confusion困惑；D.harm傷害。根據(jù)下文“Iputitoffagainandagain”可知，作者在腦海里覺得“困難”重重，因此一直沒有修。故選A項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：后來，我的妻子換了工作，我們需要搬家。A.change改變；B.interest興趣；C.habit習(xí)慣；D.journey旅行。由后文“weneededtomove”可知，作者妻子應(yīng)是“換了”工作，所以才需要搬家。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一個潛在買家說他不愿意為一個有壞窗戶的房屋去申請貸款。A.polite禮貌的；B.weak虛弱的；C.weird奇怪的；D.potential潛在的。由后文“couldn’tgetaloanonthehouse”可知，這買家還需要貸款才買，所以還沒有買，是一個“潛在的”買家。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一個潛在買家說他沒法為一個有壞窗戶的房屋去申請貸款。A.defeated失敗的；B.fitted合適的；C.broken破碎的；D.cured治愈的。根據(jù)后文“Ipulledofftheboardstofacethisthing”可知，作者家的窗戶仍然是“壞著的”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我拿起一些除銹劑，涂在窗戶己生銹的框架上，用力一拉。A.lazy懶惰的；B.strong強(qiáng)烈的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.strange奇怪的。由后文“Tomy12,iteasilymoved.”可知，作者原本以為很難拉下，所以應(yīng)是“猛地”一拉。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：令我驚奇的是，窗戶的框架很容易就被扯掉了。A.disappointment失望；B.embarrassment尷尬；C.astonishment驚訝；D.encouragement鼓勵。由前文“a11pull”和后文“iteasilymoved”可知，作者原本以為很難拉下，但卻很容易就扯掉了，所以作者很“驚訝”，toone’sastonishment表“使某人驚訝的是”。故選C項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我本可能在事發(fā)的當(dāng)天用12美元解決這個問題。A.same相同的；B.different不同的；C.early早；D.new新。由“couldhavefixed”可知，這里在對過去的假設(shè)，說原本“當(dāng)天”就可以修好，thesameday表“當(dāng)天”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：實(shí)際上，這不僅僅是窗戶的問題。A.Frequently頻繁地；B.Actually實(shí)際上地；C.Consequently因此；D.Unexpectedly出乎預(yù)料地。根據(jù)下句“Manyofustendtolivewithbrokenwindowsofonetypeoranother.”可知，“實(shí)際上”，這不僅僅是一個窗戶的問題。故選B項(xiàng)。35