新編大學(xué)英語綜合教程1-u(00001)2249

新編大學(xué)英語綜合教程1-unit5Unit5AnimalWorldIn-ClassReadingDoAnimalsHaveaCulture?動物擁有文化嗎？1只有人類有文化呢，還是某些動物也同樣有文化，這是社會科學(xué)家們最近才提出來的問題。說到文化，我們指的是某一類人群共有的生活方式。文化包涵了我們形成的信念和看法。正是人們的行為模式促使他們生活在一起，也正是人們的行為模式把不同的群體區(qū)分開來。人類失去了蠻力、爪子、長牙及其他自衛(wèi)功能，然而文化為我們彌補了這些缺失。人類使用工具，相互合作，并借助語言進行交流溝通。但人類行為的這些方方面面，或稱之為“文化”的東西，在某些動物的生活中也同樣存在。3我們過去一界線。然而，最近我們發(fā)現(xiàn)情況并非如此。黑猩猩不但能夠使用工具，己制造工具。與僅僅撿起身邊的東西加以利用相比，這已經(jīng)向前邁出了一大步。例如，有人看到直認為會不會使用工具是人和其他動物的分事實上還能自黑猩猩把樹葉扯掉，將樹枝伸進白蟻巢穴。當(dāng)白蟻啃咬樹枝時，黑猩猩就把樹枝抽回，然后把枝2條底端的白蟻吃掉——就像我們使用餐叉一樣。4我們曾一度認為，盡管人類可以學(xué)習(xí)文化，但卻不可能教會動物學(xué)文化?；蛘撸词箘游锬軌?qū)W習(xí)，它們也不會像人類那樣互相傳授。然而，這一觀點也同樣是不正確的。日本京都大學(xué)猴子研究中心對一群日本猴進行過研究。科學(xué)家們給猴子白薯，想把它們引到海島的岸邊。一天，為了去掉白薯上面的沙子，一只年輕的母猴開始用水來洗白薯。這一做法馬上傳遍了整個猴群。這是學(xué)來的行為，不是向人類學(xué)的，而是從其他猴子那里學(xué)到的。而凡是沒有跟這一猴群接觸過的其他所有的猴子幾乎都不會用水洗去沙子。這樣，動物間就存在了“文化差異”。5我們已經(jīng)把使用和發(fā)明工具從區(qū)分動物和人類行為的方法中排除出去了,同樣也把學(xué)習(xí)和互相傳授行為排除在外了。但我們?nèi)宰プ≌Z言這最后一個特點不放。然而，即便是語言的使用也無法把人類文化和動物文化區(qū)分開來。教猿猴說話的嘗試雖然失敗了，但這是因為猿猴沒有合適的發(fā)聲器官。如果我們愿意采納口語之外的其他語言形式的話，應(yīng)該說教猿猴學(xué)習(xí)語言一直是非常成功的。有兩位心理學(xué)家曾訓(xùn)練一只名叫華秀3的黑猩猩，教它使用美國標準手語。這種語言同樣供聾人使用。用這種語言，“交談”是通過手勢來完成的，而不是把單詞用一個個字母拼出來。當(dāng)華秀長到五歲時，她掌握了130個手語詞匯。而且，原先未教過的新方法來組合這些詞匯。這表明她能創(chuàng)造性地使用語言，而不她還能用是單純地模仿。她自己能遣詞造句，表達真實的意思。這使令、反應(yīng)模式。6當(dāng)然，雙向交流得以實現(xiàn)，超越了單向的指動物文化有其局限性。據(jù)我們所知，沒有任何猿猴曾建立起任何諸如宗教或法律等社會制度。而且，盡管有些黑猩猩有可能學(xué)會手語，但這種語言形式在表達抽象思想時有局限性。而使用口頭語言使我們能把整個文化傳遞給任何一個會同種語言的人。也許最重要的一點是，人和動物的分界線并不像我們過去認為的那樣清清楚楚After-ClassReading動物的玩耍41也許人人都看到過動物幼崽如小貓小狗玩耍。這些幼年的動物看起來肯定玩得很開心。它們相互追逐、打滾、摔跤、打轉(zhuǎn)，還玩諸如球和木棒之類的物體。任何看過熊貓打滾和玩耍的人都明白，熊貓玩得痛快著呢。2所有動物都玩耍嗎？它們玩耍的目的是什么？這些是科學(xué)家提出的問題。為了回答這些問題，我們首先必須就“玩耍”的定義取得一致意可難了，因為即使動物科學(xué)家們耍”的定義都莫衷一是，更何況動詞“玩耍”包見。這對“玩含有許多不同的意思。（譯者注：英文中play除“玩?！蓖膺€有很多其他意思。）3在本文的討論中，我們將依賴我們的常識來決定什么是玩耍。根據(jù)我們的經(jīng)驗，可以說玩耍是人與動物為了娛樂而做的事情。玩耍常常很像嚴肅且有目的的活動，但它并不實現(xiàn)什么嚴肅的目標。當(dāng)然了，人們玩起來往往會非常認真。體育運動就是嚴肅認真而且精心設(shè)計的玩耍的例子。4動物為什么玩耍？最重要的理由很可能是為了學(xué)會生活中一些嚴肅而重要的活動。比如說，成年動物需要找尋食物、搏斗、尋覓伴侶，以及與同類中的其他動物相處。幼年動物可以通過玩5耍來練習(xí)這些生活中的重要活動。通過玩耍，它們能夠模仿獵獲食物、打斗以及求偶。它們能學(xué)會怎樣控制自己的行動、怎樣協(xié)調(diào)適應(yīng)它們生活的環(huán)境以及怎樣和自己群體中的其他動物相互交往。5并非所有的動物都玩耍。動物科學(xué)家們告訴我們，實際上，只有脊椎動物玩耍，其中，主要是高級脊椎動物。比如說,昆蟲、魚和爬行動物不玩耍,但是大多數(shù)哺乳動物都玩耍，尤其是在它們年幼時?？偟膩碚f，我們可以說高智商動物比低智商動物玩耍得多。換句話說，動物的智商越高，玩耍就會越復(fù)雜。6黑猩猩被公認為是與人類最接近的動物，是非人類哺乳動物中最聰明的。這種靈長類動物以一種精心策劃而又復(fù)雜的方式玩耍。黑猩猩相互追逐、摔跤，還發(fā)明了種種游戲。在玩耍的方式上，只有人類比他們強。其他靈長類動物，比如猴子和大猩猩也喜歡玩耍，但不如黑猩猩玩耍得多。一些其他的脊椎動物諸如海豚也很間相互嬉戲，也與包括人類在內(nèi)的其他動物嬉戲。對于這些聰明的動物來說，玩耍是一種取樂聰明，它們之的方式，但也是一種培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造性的方式，而且是6一種采用新的方法使自己與所處環(huán)境相互協(xié)調(diào)的方式。也許人類在音樂、藝術(shù)和科學(xué)方面的創(chuàng)造性，就是以玩耍開始的。課內(nèi)閱讀練習(xí)答案PartOnePreparation1.AGuessingGameSample(Onestudentthinksofananimal.Theotherstudentsaskhimorherquestionsabouttheanimal.)7Q=QuestionA=AnswerQ:Doesitliveinwater?A:No,itdoesn’t.Q:Doesitliveintrees?A:No,itdoesn’t.Q:Doesithavelegs?A:Yes,itdoes.Q:Doesithavefourlegs?A:Yes,itdoes.Q:Doesithuntotheranimals?A:No,itdoesn’t.Q:Doesitrunfast?A:Yes,itdoes.Q:Isitamammal?A:Yes,itis.Q:Doesithavespots?A:No,itdoesn’t.Q:Isittrainedtohelphumans?A:Yes,itis.Q:Isitahorse?A:Yes,itis.2.HowtoDescribeIt?8SampleAsfarasIknow,elephantsarethestrongestamongalltheanimalsthatexistintheworld.Elephantsareverybigandheavy,evenintheirinfancy.It’snotunusualtofindababyelephantthatweighsoveraton.Also,itsskinissothickthatanelephantrarelygetshurtorinjuredeitherintheirdailylifeorwhenattackedbyothers.Evenwithsomanystrongfactors,elephantshavenevergainedtheglorioustitlessuchasthekingofthejungle.Theyaremild-tempered,butfierceanimalsliketigers,lionsandwolvesdarenotdisturborattackthembecauseanadultelephantcaneasilytreadonandkillthemwhilethesmaller,aggressiveanimalscandonothingharmfultothisgiant.Asforwhichanimalisthemostbeautiful,I’dliketovoteforthetiger.Tome,tigersarethesymbolofpower,dignityandnobility.Thepatternonitsbodyandheadisratherfascinating.Tigersareknownas“thekingofallbeasts”,aspecialhonorpeoplehavegivento9them.Somewolvesarealsoconsideredtobebeautifulandtheypossessakindofspirit,whichisappealing.Asforthedragon,thoughtheyexistonlyinstoriesorlegends,they’rethesymbolofChina.AlmosteveryChinesethinksthedragonisbeautiful.Theelephantiscute.It’smildinnatureandusuallymeek.Oftheanimalswechoosetorate,itisthestrongestandfriendliestanimal.Idonotreallybelievethatasharkisbeautifulbutcomparedwithasnakeoracrocodile,asharkmayrankasthefifthbeautifulanimalinthelist.2.WhatIsIt?Sample?It’saverytallkindofbird,withlonglegsandneck,whichappeartoothintosupportitsbodyandhead.Itsbeakislongandpointed,andwhenitfallsasleepitliftsuponelegtolettheothersupportthewholebody.(crane)?Itcrawlsontheground,witharope-shapedbodyandatriangularhead.Deadlypoisonmaybefoundinitsfangs,whichcancausedeath10withinminutes.Inlegends,itwastheanimalwhichseducedAdamandEve.(snake)?It’saswimminganimalwithsmoothbrownfuranditeatsfish.Youmayregarditasthelaziestanimalsinceitsleepsmostoftheday,butatnight,itturnsouttobethegreatestbuilder,itsmasterpiece—thedam.(beaver)PartTwoReading-CenteredActivitiesIn-ClassReadingPost-ReadingReadingComprehension1.Paras.1-2—CPara.3—APara.4—DPara.5—EPara.6—B2.1D2B3B4B5C6A7D8D3.Sample?Ithinkanimalshaveaculture.Wecaneasilyfindfactstosupportthis.Forexample,animalsofthesamespeciescancommunicatewitheachother,withlanguageunknowntous11humans.Wehavereadalotofstoriesaboutwolves.Whenawolfisindangerorhurtbyahuman,verysoonitwillgetotherwolvesinitsgrouptotakerevenge.Eveninsectslikeantscanworktogetherverywell.Iftheydidn’tsharealanguageoftheirown,howcouldtheymovesomethingmuchlargerthanthemselvesoveralongdistancetotheirnest?Besides,animalssuchaschimpanzeescanuseandmaketoolstogetfood,andmonkeysarefoundtobeabletolearnandsharebehavior.Surely,animalsdon’thaveanyreligionorlaw.Obviously,thisdoesnotprovethattheydon’thaveaculturebutshowsthattheircultureisdifferentfromoursortherearelimitstotheirculture.?Idon’tthinkanimalshaveaculture.Cultureisaverybroadterm.Itcoversmanyaspectssuchaspolitics,economics,literature,law,andreligion.Animalsdonothavelanguage,atleasttheydonothaveawrittenlanguage,nordotheyhavepoliticsandeconomics.It’strue12thattheycanlearnandsharesuchbehavioraswashingsweetpotatoestogetridofsand,butIdoubtwhethertheycanlearnmorecomplicatedbehavior.What’smore,scientistsonlyobservedthissharingofbehavioramongcertainmonkeys.Itisknowntoallthattherearemanyspeciesofanimalsandthattheydiffergreatlyintheirintelligence.Sohowcanwereachtheconclusionthatanimalshaveacultureonlybecausesomeanimalsareabletouseandinventtools,orshareknowledge?Evenifanimalshaveaso-calledculture,therearelimitstotheirculture.Vocabulary11handy2cultural3untrue4belief5scientist6successful7religious8defenses9strength10social21AlimitBlimit2AcontactBcontacted3AattemptingBattempt4AcommandedBcommand135AformBform31gesture2create3abstract4individual5invention6feature7makeupfor8remove9response10ruleout41removeremove:takesth.awayfromaplacemove:changepositionorplace2received,acceptacceptaninvitation:sayyestoitreceiveaninvitation:getone3allowallow:letsb.dosth.;permitsb.todosth.agree:havethesameopinion4latelylately:recentlylater:atimeafterthepresenttime5shoreshore:thelandalongtheedgeofasea,lakeorwideriverbeach:anearlylevelareaofsandorsmall14stonesbesidetheseaorotherareaofwater6taughtteach:provideinstructioninaparticularsubjecttrain:givesb.theknowledgeneededtodoajob7objectobject:sth.thatcanbeseenandtouchedsubject:sth.thatisdiscussed,examinedorresearched8attractattract:drawsb.towardsoneselfattack:trytohurtordefeatsb.orsth.usingviolenceTranslation1Iusedtogotothecinemaalot,butIneverhavethetimenow.2Thetwoworkerscooperatedwitheachothertofixthebrokenpipe.3Thisisacruelpracticewhichshouldbe15stoppedimmediately.4Whataspectofyourjob/workis(the)mostdifficult,andwhataspectis(the)mostrewarding?5Hethoughthehadalreadysolvedtheproblem,butthatwasnotthecase.6I’llhelpasmuchasIcan,butthereisalimittowhatIcando.PartThreeFurtherDevelopment1.GrammarReview1Ineverlikethewayhowdoctorsspeaktoyou.(inwhich;ordelete“how”)2I’dlikeanotherdrink,andsodidJohn.(would)3OneofthereasonsforcomingtoEnglandaretomakemoney.(is)4Inthosedays,theonlymeansoflightingthehouseatnightwereoillamps.(was)5Itwassoacoldnightthatwestayedathome.(such)162.VocabularyReviewSectionA1AagreewithBagreedwithCagreeonDagreedtoIfyou“agreewith”someoneaboutsomething,youbothhavethesameopinionaboutit.Ifyou“agreewith”anactionorsuggestion,youapproveofit.Iftwoormorestatements,ideas,setsofnumbers,etc.“agreewith”eachother,theyarethesameorverysimilar(與……一致，相符合).Ifyou“agreeto”dosomethingor“agreeto”something,yousaythatyouwilldoitoryouallowsomeoneelsetodoit.Ifpeople“agreeon”something,theyreachadecisionoragreementaboutit.2AactivityBactCactionDactBoth“act”and“action”canbeusedasacountablenountomean“sth.thatsb.hasdone.”“Act”nearlyalwaysreferstoaspecificdeed,forexample,inSentenceB,“actofkindness”isaspecificdeedhavingbeendone.17“Action”isusuallyamoregeneralizedusage,oraprocessofdoingsomething.Forexample,inSentenceC,“Wemusttakeaction”meansthatwemustdosomething,butitisgeneralizedanddoesnotrefertoaspecificdeedwhichmustbedone.“Activity”isusedforsomethingthatisdoneregularly.3AadaptingBadoptedCadaptDadoptadopt:a)starttouseaparticularmethodorplan采用；b)legallybecometheparentofanotherperson’schild收養(yǎng)adapt:graduallychangeyourbehaviorandattitudessothatyougetusedtoanewsituationandcandealwithitsuccessfully適應(yīng)4AlayingBliedClayDlay“Lie”(lying,lay,lain)isanintransitiveverb,meaning“beinapositioninwhichyourbodyisflat”(躺).“Lay”(laying,laid,laid)isatransitiveverb,meaning“putonasurface”or“produceeggs”.Thereisanotherintransitive18verb“l(fā)ie”(lying,lied,lied),meaning“saysth.untrue”(撒謊).5AweatherBclimateCweatherTheword“weather”means“theclimateatacertainplaceandtime,howmuchwind,rain,sunshine,etc.thereisandhowhotorcolditis”(天氣，氣象).“Climate”means“thenormalweatherconditionsofaparticularregionoveraperiodoftime”(氣候).6AinventedBdiscoveredYouuse“invent”tosaythatsomeoneisthefirstpersontothinkofsomethingormakesomething.Youuse“discover”tosaythatsomeonefindsoutaboutsomethingwhichexistsbutwhichwasnotpreviouslyknown.7AfunBfunnyCfunny“Fun”isanuncountablenoun.Ifsomethingis“fun”,itispleasant,enjoyable,andnotserious.“Funny”isanadjective.Itdescribessomethingthatmakesyoulaughorthatisstrange.198AstrippedBstripesCstripped“Strip”canbeusedasaverb,meaning“removethecoveringorpartsof”or“takeoffone’sclothes”.“Stripe”isanoun,meaning“abandofcoloragainstabackgroundofadifferentcolor”.SectionB1CHIM2PANZEEAN3DDOG5EI4IN6CHA7MELEONSOE8OW9LE10G11PUPPYSICISHAO12TURTLEAUNAFFNR13CAT20E3.WhoIstheKingoftheJungle?STEPTWOSample?(acandidatespeechfromthemonkey)Ladiesandgentlemen:I’mheretodaybecauseIwanttobecometheKingoftheJungle.Iknowthereisaquestiononyourmind:WhyareyouthinkingaboutrunningfortheKingoftheJungle?SoIwillgiveyouthereasons.I’mrunningbecausetheanimalkingdommustbeprosperous.WealthisnotinventedbytheKingbutcreatedbyallofyou.ButtheKingcancreateanenvironmentwhereyoucandreamandrealizeyourdreams.I’mrunningbecausealltheanimalsmustliveahappyand21peacefullife.I’mrunningbecausewemustdosomethingtoprotectourenvironment.AndI’mrunningtoachievealltheabove.IknowI’mnotthestrongestanimalinthejungle.Butastheanimalmostcloselyrelatedtohumans,I’mintelligent.Ibelievethatinmoderntimesintelligenceisfarmoreimportantthanphysicalstrength.Finally,Ihopeyouwillsupportmewithyourenthusiasmandconfidence.Thankyou.?(acandidatespeechfromthelion)Ladiesandgentlemen:I’mreallyexcitedtobehereattendingthemeeting.I’dliketotellyouthatIwanttobetheKingoftheJungle.IbelieveI’mqualified!Firstofall,humanbeingsnowdominateintheworld,sowehavetotaketheirthoughtsintoconsideration.YoumusthaveheardaboutthefamousfilmTheLionKing.Asyoucansee,theyalreadyregarduslionsastheking.You22maysaythatthereisthe“MonkeyKing”inChinesefilms.ButMonkeyKing’spowerdoesn’texistinreality.Onlywelionsarethestrongestbothinthefilmandinreality.AsfarasIknow,thelionisalsothesymboloftheconstellation“LEO”,that’swhywegetalotofrespectfromman.SoI’mnotonlythequalifiedKingoftheJunglebutalsoagreatbridgebetweenhumansandusanimals.WhenI’mtheking,I’llhavetheconfidencetoprotectallofyoufrombeinghurtorattackedandnohumanswillinvadeourkingdombecauseIhavewonenoughhumanrespectandcantalkwiththemaboutanimalrights.Nowit’stimetovoteforme!?(acandidatespeechfromthetiger)Ladiesandgentlemen:Goodmorning!TodayIamheretorunfortheKingoftheJunglefortworeasons.First,Iamthestrongestandthebravest.Ihaveincomparablepower.Myteethareas23longasdaggers,mypawsareassharpasknivesandmyactionisveryagile.SoIcankillanyenemieseasilyandprotecteveryoneinthejungle.Infact,justmyappearancewillscareanyinvaderstodeath.Althoughthereareanimalswholookbiggerandstrongerthanme,theirstrengthandwisdomwillneversurpassthoseofmine.IcankillagaurwhichweighsseveralhundredkilosandIcankillacrocodilewithinminutes.InancientRome,peopleletustigersfightwithlions,andwewerealwaysthewinners!Second,Iamthemostexperiencedintakingchargeofthejungle.SinceIhavebeentheKingforalongtime,Iknowverywellhowtoruletheanimalworldandhowtobeasuccessfulking.IcankeepeverythinginorderasquicklyaspossibleandIcanhandleproblemsasperfectlyaspossible.Undermygovernanceyouwillneverhavedifficulties.IpromiseIwillworkharderanddomybesttoensurethatallofyouliveahappylifeandthat24thejunglewillbeaparadiseintheworld!So,pleasevoteforme!It’llbeyourbestchoice!4.ANewAnimalR=ReporterE=ExplorerSample?R:Now,ProfessorDavis,Ihearthatyou’vediscoveredaverystrangeanimal.E:Yup!R:We’reallcuriousaboutit,andthisisthereasonwhyweinvitedyouheretoday.E:OK.R:Ihaveareportfromyouinmyhand.Sotellus:Whydidyounametheanimal“Dymi”?E:Thisisquiteinteresting,becauseIwasextremelyattractedbyitseverlastingalertanddynamicbehaviorthefirsttimeIsawit.Theword“Dymi”actuallycamefromdynamic,onemightsay.25R:Thankyou.Now,whatdoyoumeanby“itlivesineveryappropriateplace”?E:Well,it’sveryoddthatIfoundtheanimalneverlivedinaspecificplace.Itcanbefoundinacave,inthegrass,orinanestleftbyotheranimals,inatree,andsoforth.Anditonlytakesnaps,halfanhourorsoeachtime.R:Wheredoyouthinkthesignificanceliessincewe’vefoundtheanimal?E:Ibelievewecangettoknowmoreaboutourselves—thehumanbeing—bymakingadetailedstudyoftheanimal.BecauseIfindtheanimalcloselyrelatedtoustosomeextent.Ittakesprotein,fiber,fat,andvitaminsfromfood;itgetsonverywellwiththeenvironment;itlivesaratherlonglifecomparedwithanimalsofthesamesize.ButIthinkthemostimportantpointisthatwecanfindouttherelationbetweentheirlittlesleepandtheirextremelydynamicbehavior,whichisveryusefultomodern,busyhumanbeings.R:Right.Yougiveusawonderfulreport,26ProfessorDavis.Thankyouverymuchforbeingwithus.E:It’smypleasure.AReportName:Dymi.Whatdoesiteat?Grass,nuts,littleanimalslikeratsandsquirrels.Howmanyhoursdoesitsleep?Onlytakesnaps,halfanhourorsoeachtime,everythreehours.Wheredoesitlive?Ineveryappropriateplace.Howlongdoesitlive?30to50years.AReportName:Darwin.Whatdoesiteat?Leaves.Howmanyhoursdoesitsleep?Unknown.Wheredoesitlive?TropicalforestinAfrica.Howlongdoesitlive?Threetofiveyears.27R:It’sallegedthatyou’vediscoveredastrangespeciesofanimalinthetropicalforestsofAfrica.Wouldyoupleasegiveabriefdescriptiontothereaders?E:Ofcourse.ThemysteriousanimalIdiscoveredisnamedafterDarwin,thefounderoftheevolutiontheory.Thisspecialinsecthasfoursetsoflegsinsteadofthreesetsoflegsaswehavefoundaboutthatspeciesofinsectbefore.R:Butareyousurethatitbelongstothegroupofinsects?E:Certainly,aftercarefulidentificationinthelab,ittakesonthecommoncharacteristicsofinsects.Sotheconclusioncouldbedrawnthatitbelongstoabranchofinsectspecies.R:Howcanthatbe?E:It’sagreatproofofDarwin’sevolutiontheory,Isuppose.However,itneedsfurtherconfirmation.Wehopenewevidencewillbefoundtosupportthetheory.R:Thanksforyourexcellentintroduction.28E:You’rewelcome.5.I’dRatherBe…Sample?Iwouldliketobeaneagle.Soaringhighabovethemountains,Itakethevastexpanseofskyasmyterritory.Creaturesonthegroundaresmallbutclearinsight.IlovetheviewandenjoythefeelingwhenI’mhighupinthesky.IcanpickanythingIlikeasmyfoodwiththesharpclawsandbeakandnothingcouldhurtmeexcepthumanbeings.?I’dratherbeaturtle.Althoughturtlesmoveveryslowlyandseemtoberatherstupid,Iregardthemasthewisestkindofanimal.Theyhaveevolvedtostandthepressurefromtheoutsideandtheycangetanupperhandinthebattleagainstnature.Unlikelionsandtigers,whosestrengthispowerfulbutcanonlylastforashorttime,turtlesmaintaintheirpotentialtilltheendoftheirdayssothattheycancopewithanydifficultyatanytime.29?I’dliketobeacat.Itissaidthatcatshaveninelivesandthatcatscansurviveevenafterfallingoffhighbuildings.IfIhadninelives,Iwouldn’tbeafraidofdeathandcouldventurealot.Mostimportantly,catsarelovelyandgracefulanimalthathumansliketokeepaspets.I’dlovetobesuchacat.PartFourWritingandTranslation3.TranslationPractice1expressone’sfeelingsconveymessagescarryheavyloadsguidetheblindguard/protectpeople’spossessionscatchpestsbringpleasure/happinesstopeopleaddjoytopeople’slifemaketheworldmorecolorfulmaintainthebalanceofnature2Dogsareperceivedtobehumans’bestfriends.Theyareloyaltopeopleandcanhelppeopledoalotofthings.3Catsaregraceful,lovelyandobedient.Theyareexcellentcompanionsofhumanbeings.Peoplelikekeepingthemaspets.304Parrotshaveverybeautifulfeathers.Theyaregoodatimitatinghumanlanguages.5Monkeysareveryintelligent.Theycanbetrainedto