2014年6月英語四級真題及答案詳解

D)NewstudentsusuallycannotofferafairA)HehelpedDorisbuilduptheDorishelpedhimarrangetheDorisfixedupsomeoftheHewasgoodatassemblingA)Hedoesn’tgetonwiththeothers.C)HehasbeentakenforaB)Hedoesn’tfeelateaseinthefirm.D)HehasfoundabetterA)TheyshouldfinishtheworkassoonasHewillcontinuetoworkinthegardenHeistiredofnggardeningonTheycanhireagardenertodotheA)ThemanhastogetridoftheusedTheman’sapartmentisreadyforThefurnitureiscoveredwithlotsofThefurniturethemanboughtisA)ThemanwillgivethemechanicaThewomaniswaitingforaThewoman ngsomeThemanknowsthemechanicveryQuestions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)ShehadajobinterviewtoShewasbusyfinishingherShehadtoattendanimportantShewasinthemiddleofwritingan panyherroommatetotheHandinherroommate’sapplicationSubmitherroommate’sHelpherroommatewithherA)WhereDr.Ellis’sofficeislocated.C)DirectionstotheclassroomB)WhenDr.Ellisleaveshisoffice.D)Dr.Ellis’sschedulefortheQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Hefindsitratherstressful.C)HecanhandleitquiteB)Heisthinkingofquittingit.D)HehastoworkextraA)The6:00one.C)The7:00B)The6:30one.D)The7:30A)ItisanawfulwasteofHefindsitratherThetimeonthetrainisItissomethingdifficulttogetusedA)Readingnewspapers.C)ListeningtothedailyB)Chattingwithfriends.D)nningtheday’sSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.1PassageQuestions16to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)IgnoresmalldetailswhileReadatleastseveralchaptersatoneDevelopahabitofreadingGetkeyinformationbyreadingjustonceorA)Chooseone’sownsystemofUnderline andMakeasfewmarksasHighlightdetailsinaredA)ByreadingthetextbookscarefullyByreviewingonlythemarkedByfocusingonthenotesintheBycomparingnoteswiththeirPassageQuestions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Thesleep needsvariesfromdaytoTheamountofsleepfor isOnecangetbywithacoupleofhoursofEverybodyneedssomesleepforA)Itisamade-upstory.C)ItisarareB)Itiscure.D)ItisduetoanA)HisextraordinaryphysicalHismother’sinjuryjustbeforehisTheuniquesurroundingsofhislivingTheresthegotfromsittinginarockingPassageQuestions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)SheinvestedinstocksandsharesonWallShelearnedtowriteforfinancialShedevelopedastronginterestinShetenderlylookedafterhersickA)ShemadeawiseinvestmentinrealShesoldtherestaurantwithasubstantialShegot1.5milliondollarsfromherex-SheinheritedabigfortunefromherA)ShewasextremelymeanwithherShewasdishonestinbusinessShefrequentlyill-treatedherSheabusedanimalsincludingherpetA)ShemadeabigfortunefromwiseShebuiltahospitalwithhermother’sShemadehugedonationstoShecarriedonherfamily’sSectionDirection:Inthesection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.1Amongthekindsofsocialgesturesmostsignificantforsecond-languageteachersarethosewhich informbutdifferentinmeaninginthetwocultures.Forexample,aColombianwhowantssomeone himoftensignalswithahandmovementinwhichallthefingersofonehand,cupped,pointdownwardastheymoverapidly(28) .SpeakersorEnglishhaveasimilargesturethroughthehandmaynotbecuppedandthefingersmaybeheldmoreloosely,butforthemthegesturemeansgoodbyeorgoaway,quitethe(29) theColombiangesture.Again,inColombian,aspeakerofEnglishwouldhavetoknowthatwhenhe(30) heighthemostchoosebetweendifferentgesturesdependingonwhetherheis(31) ahumanbeingorananimal.Ifhekeepsthepalmofthehand(32) thefloor,ashewouldinhisownculturewhenmakingknowntheheightofachild,forexample,hewillverylikelybegreetedbylaughter,inColombiathisgestureis forthedescriptionofanimals.Inordertodescribehumanbeingsheshouldkeepthepalmofhis tothefloor.Substitutionsofonegesturefortheotheroftencreatenotonlyhumorousbut moment.Inbothoftheexamplesabove,speakersfromtwodifferentcultureshavethesamegesture,physically,butitsmeaningdifferssharply.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingGlobalwarmingisatrendtowardwarmerconditionsaroundtheworld.Partofthewarmingisnatural;wehaveexperienceda20,000-year-longwarmingasthelasticeageendedandtheice36away.However,wehavealreadyreachedtemperaturesthatarein37withotherminimum-iceperiods,so warmingislikelynotnatural.Weare38toapredictedworldwideincreaseintemperatures39between1℃and6℃overthenext100years.Thewarmingwillbemore40insomeareas,lessinothers,andsomecesmayevencooloff.Likewise,the41ofthiswarmingwillbeverydifferentdependingonwhereyouare—coastalareasmustworryaboutrisingsealevels,whileSiberiaandnorthernCanadamay emorehabitable(宜居的)and42forhumansthantheseareasarenow.Thefactremains,however,thatitwilllikelygetwarmer,on43,everywhere.Scientistsareink)agreementthatthewarmerconditionswehavebeenexperiencingareatleastinparttheresultofahuman-inducedglobalwarmingtrend.Somescientists44thatthechangesweareseeingk)2SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.EachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphsIdentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheEndoftheAmazon,byfarthelargestbooksellerinthecountry,reportedonMay19thatitisnowsellingmorebooksinitselectronicKindleformatthanintheoldpaper-and-inkformat.Thatisremarkable,consideringthattheKindlehasonlybeenaroundforfouryears.E-booksnowaccountfor14percentofallbooksalesinthecountryandareincreasingfarfasterthanoverallbooksales.E-booksalesareup146percentoverlastyear,whilehardbacksalesincreased6percentandpaperbacksdecreased8percent.Doesthisspellthedoomofthephysicalbook?Certainlynotimmediay,andperhapsnotatall.WhatitdoesmeanisthatthebookbusinesswillgothroughatransformationinthenextdecadeorsomoreprofoundthananyithasseensinceGutenbergintroducedprintingfrommoveabletypeinthe1450s.Physicalbookswillsurely emuchrarerinthemarketce.Massmarketpaperbacks,whichhavebeendecliningforyearsanyway,willprobablydisappear,aswillhardbacksformysteries,thrillers,“romancefiction,”etc.Suchbooks,whichonlyrarelyendupinpermanentcollections,eitherprivateorpublic,willonlybeavailablease-bookswithinafewyears.Hardbackandtradepaperbacksfor“serious”nonfictionandfictionwillsurelylastlonger.Perhapsitwill ethemarkofanauthortoreckonwiththatheorsheisstillpublishedinhardcopy.Asforchildren’sbooks,whoknows?Children’sbooksarelikedogfoodinthatthepurchasersarenottheconsumers,sothemarket(andthemarketing)isinherentlystrange.Forcluestothebook’sfuture,let’slookatsomeexamplesoftechnologicalchangeandseewhathappenedtotheoldtechnology.Onetechnologyrecesanotheronlybecausethenewtechnologyisbetter,cheaper,orboth.Thegreaterthedifference,thesoonerandmorethoroughlythenewtechnologyrecestheold.Printingwithmoveabletypeonpaperdramaticallyreducedthecostofproducingabookcomparedwiththeold-fashionedoneshandwrittenonvellum,whichcomesfromsheepskin.ABible—tobesure,alongbook—requiredvellummadefrom300sheepskinsandcountlessman-hoursoflabor.Beforeprintingarrived,aBiblecostmorethanamiddle-classhouse.Therewereperhaps50,000booksinallofEuropein1450.By1500therewere10million.Butwhileprintingquicklycausedthehandwrittenbooktodieout,handwritinglingeredon(繼續(xù)存在)wellintothe16thcentury.Veryspecialbooksarestilloccasionallyproducedonvellum,buttheyareone-of-a-kindshowpieces.Sometimesanewtechnologydoesn’tdrivetheoldoneout,butonlypartsofitwhileforcingtheresttoevolve.Themovieswerewidelypredictedtodrivelivetheateroutofthemarketce,buttheydidn’t,becausetheaterturnedouttohavequalitiesmoviescouldnotreproduce.Equally,TVwassupposedtorecemoviesbut,again,didnot.Moviesdid,however,fatallyimpactsomepartsoflivetheater.AndwhileTVdidn’tkillmovies,itdidkillsecond-ratepictures,shorts,andcartoons.NordidTVkillradio.Comedyanddramashows(“JackBenny,”“AmosandAndy,”“TheShadow”)allmigratedto evision.Butbecauseyoucan’tdriveacarandwatch evisionatthesametime,rushhourbecameradio’sprime,whilemusic,talk,andnewsradiogreatlyenlargedtheiraudiences.Radioistodayaverydifferentbusinessthaninthelate1940sandamuchlargerone.Sometimesoldtechnologylingersforcenturiesbecauseofitssymbolicpower.Mountedcavalry(騎兵)recedthechariot(二輪戰(zhàn)車)onthebattlefieldaround1000BC.ButchariotsmaintainedtheirceinparadesandtriumphsrightupuntiltheendoftheRomanEmpire1,500yearslater.Theswordhasn’thadamilitaryfunctionforahundredyears,butisstillpartofanofficer’sfull-dressuniform,preciselybecauseaswordalwayssymbolized“anofficerandagentleman.”Sometimesnewtechnologyisalittlecranky(不穩(wěn)定的)atfirst.evisionrepairmanwasacommonoccupationinthe1950s,forinstance.Andsotheoldtechnologyremainsasabackup. shipscapturedtheNorthAtlanticpassengerbusinessfromsailinthe1840sbecauseofitsmuchgreaterspeed. shipsdidn’tlosesailsuntilthe1880s,becauseearlymarineengineshadanastyhabitofbreakingdown.Untilshipsbecamelargeenough(andenginessmallenough)tomounttwoenginessidebyside,theyneededtokeepsails.(Thehighcostofandthelesserneedforspeedkeptthemajorityoftheworld’soceanfreightmovingbysailuntiltheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury.)Thenthereisthefirece.Centralheatingwaspresentineveryupper-andmiddle-classhomebythesecondhalfofthe19thcentury.Butfunctioningfirecesremaintothisdayapowerfulsellingpointinahouseorapartment.Ithereasonisadeep-rootedloveofthefire.Firewasoneoftheearliestmajortechnologicaladvancesforhumankind,providingheat,protection,andcookedfood(whichismucheasiertoeatanddigest).Humancontroloffiregoesbackfarenough(overamillionyears)thatevolutioncouldhaveproducedageneticleaningtowardsfireasacentralaspectofhumanlife.Books—especiallybookstheaverage couldafford—haven’tbeenaroundlongenoughtoproduceevolutionarychangeinhumans.Buttheyhaveapowerfulholdonmanypeoplenonetheless,aholdextendingfartheirli rycontent.Attheirbest,theyareworksofartandthereisatactile（觸覺的）pleasureinbooksnecessarilylostine-bookversions.Theabilitytoquicklythumbthroughpagesisalsolost.Andaroomwithbooksitinduces,atleastinsome,afeelingnotdissimilartothatofafireinthefireceonacoldwinter’sForthesereasonsIthinkphysicalbookswillhavealongerexistenceasacommercialproductthansomecurrentlypredict.Likeswords,bookshavesymbolicpower.Likefireces,theyinduceasenseofcomfortandwarmth.And,perhaps,similartosails,theymakeausefulback-upforwhenthelightsgoout.2AuthorsstillpublishedinprintedversionswillbeconsideredimportantSomepeoplearestillinfavorofprintedbooksbecauseofthesenseoftouchtheycanTheradiobusinesshaschangedgreatlyandnowattractsmoreContrarytomanypeople’spredictionofitsdeath,thefilmindustryRemarkablechangeshavetakenceinthebookOldtechnologysometimescontinuestoexistbecauseofitsTheincreaseofe-booksales thebookbusinesstomakechangesnotseenforAnewtechnologyisunlikelytotaketheceofanoldonewithoutaclearPaperbacksofpopular turearemorelikelytoberecedbye-AhousewithafirecehasastrongerappealtoSectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingThequestionofwhetherour ernmentshouldpromotescienceandtechnologyortheliberalartsinhighereducationisn’taneither/orproposition(命題)，althoughthecurrentemphasisonpreparingyoungAmericansforSTEM（science,technology,engineering,maths）-relatedfieldscanmakeitseemthatway.Thelatestcongressionalreportacknowledgesthecriticalimportanceoftechnicaltraining,butalsoassertsthestudyofthehumanities人文學(xué)科)andsocialsciencesmustremaincentralcomponentsofAmerica’seducationalsystematalllevels.Botharecriticaltoproducingcitizenswhocanparticipateeffectivelyinourdemocraticsociety,einnovative（創(chuàng)新的)leaders,andbenefitfromthespiritualenrientthatthereflectiononthegreatideasofmankindovertimeprovides.Parentsandstudentswhohaveinvestedheavilyinhighereducationworryaboutgraduates’jobprospectsastechnologicaladvancesandchangesindomesticandglobalmarketstransformprofessionsinwaysthatreducewagesandcutjobs.Underthesecircumstances,it’snaturaltolookforwhatmayappeartobethemost“practical”wayoutoftheproblem“Majorinasubjectdesignedtogetyouajob”seemstheobviousanswertosome,thoughthisignoresthefactthatmanydisciplinesinthehumanitiescharacterizedas“soft”often,infact,leadtoemploymentandsuccessinthelongrun.Indeed,accordingtosurveys,employershaveexpressedapreferenceforstudentswhohavereceivedabroadly-basededucationthathastaughtthemtowritewell,thinkcritically,researchcreatively,andcommunicateMoreover,studentsshouldbepreparednotjustfortheirfirstjob,butfortheir4thand5thjobs,asthere’slittlereasontodoubtthatpeopleenteringthework todaywillbecalledupontoymanydifferentrolesoverthecourseoftheircareers.Theoneswhowilldothebestinthisnewenvironmentwillbethosewhoseeducationshavepreparedthemtobeflexible.Theabilitytodrawuponeveryavailabletoolandinsight—pickedupfromscience,arts,andtechnology—tosolvetheproblemsofthefuture,andtakeadvantageoftheopportunitiesthatpresentthemselves,willbehelpfultothemandtheUnitedStates.2WhatdoesthelatestcongressionalreportSTEM-relatedsubjectshelpstudentsfindjobsintheinformationThehumanitiesandSTEMsubjectsshouldbegivenequalTheliberalartsinhighereducationhelpenrichstudents’spiritualHighereducationshouldbeadjustedtothepracticalneedsofWhatisthemainconcernofstudentswhentheychooseaTheirinterestinrelevantTheacademicvalueoftheThequalityofeducationtoTheirchancesofgettingagoodWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthesocalledsoftThebenefitstudentsintheirfutureTheybroadenstudents’rangeofTheyimprovestudents’communicationTheyareessentialtostudents’healthyWhatkindofjobapplicantsdoemployerslookThosewhohaveastrongsenseofThosewhoaregoodatsolvingpracticalThosewhoarelikely einnovativeThosewhohavereceivedawell-roundedWhatadvicedoestheauthorgivetocollegeSeizeopportunitiestotaptheirTrytotakeavarietyofpracticalPreparethemselvesfordifferentjobAdoptaflexibleapproachtosolvingPassageQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingEnergyindependence.Ithasaniceringtoit.Doesn’tit?Ifyouthinkso,you’renotalone,becauseenergyindependencehasbeenthedreamofAmericanfordecades,andnevermoresothaninthepastfewyears,whenthemostrecentoilpriceshockhasbeenpartlyresponsibleforkickingoffthegreatrecession.“Energyindependenceanditsrhetorical修辭的companion“energysecurityare,however,slipperyconceptsthatarerarelythoughtthrough.Whatisitwewantindependencefrom,exactly?Mostpeoplewouldprobablysaythattheywanttobeindependentfromimportedoil.Buttherearereasonsthatwebuyallthatoldfromelsewhere.ThefirstreasonisthatweneedittokeepoureconomyrunningYes,thereisatrickle（涓涓細(xì)流）of（生物）available,andmoremay eavailable,butmostbiofuelscauseeconomicwasteandenvironmentaldestruction.Second,Americanshavebasicallydecidedthattheydon’treallywanttoproducealltheirownoil.Theyvaluetheenvironmentalqualitytheypreserveovertheiroilimportsfromabroad.VastareasoftheUnitedStatesareoff-limitstooilexplorationandproductioninthenameofenvironmentalprotection.TowhatextentareAmericansreallywillingtoenduretheenvironmentalimpactsofdomesticenergyproductioninordertocutbackimports?Third,therearebenefitstotrade.Itallowsforeconomicefficiency,andwhenwebuythingsfromcesthathavelowerproductioncoststhanwedo,webenefit.Andalthoughyoudon’treadaboutthismuch,theUnitedStatesisalsoalargeexporterofoilproducts,sellingabout2millionbarrelsofpetroleumproductsperdaytoabout90ThereisnoquestionthattheUnitedStatesimportsagreatdealofenergyand,infact,reliesonthatsteadyflowtomaintainitseconomy.Whenthatflowisinterrupted,wefeelthepaininshortsandhigherprices,Atthesametime,wederivemassiveeconomicbenefitswhenwebuythemostaffordableenergyontheworldmarketandwhenweengageinenergytradearoundtheworld.2WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutenergyindependenceforItsoundsveryattractive.C)ItwillbringoilpricesItensuresnationalsecurity.D)Ithaslongbeeneveryone’sWhatdoestheauthorthinkofTheykeepAmerica’seconomyrunningTheyprovetobeagoodalternativetoTheydonotprovideasustainableenergyTheycauseseriousdamagetotheWhydoesAmericarelyheavilyonoilItwantstoexpanditsstorageofcrudeItsownoilreservesarequicklyrunningItwantstokeepitsownenvironmentItsownoilproductionfallsshortofWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutoilItprovesprofitabletobothsides.C)ItmakesforeconomicItimproveseconomicefficiency.D)ItsavesthecostofoilWhatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingtheTojustifyAmerica’sdependenceonoilToarouseAmericans’awarenessoftheenergyTostresstheimportanceofenergyToexintheincreaseofinternationaloilPartⅣTranslation(30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.360億元，用于改善農(nóng)村地區(qū)教育設(shè)施和中強(qiáng)中西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育（compulsoryeducation）。這些用于改善教學(xué)設(shè)施、書籍，使16萬多所中小學(xué)受益。還用22014年6月四級部分參考答案(完整版)PartWritingThe ceIWillShowinMyHometown—theCentralMyhometownisHarbin.ThemostinterestingcewhichIwouldliketot