北京市豐臺區(qū)2021屆高三下學期一模英語試題Word版含解析

#豐臺區(qū)2021年高三年級第二學期綜合練習（一）英語本試卷滿分共100分考試時間90分鐘注意事項：答題前，考生務(wù)必先將答題卡上的學校、年級、班級、姓名、準考證號用黑色字跡簽字筆填寫清楚，并認真核對條形碼上的準考證號、姓名，在答題卡的“條形碼粘貼區(qū)”貼好條形碼。本次考試所有答題均在答題卡上完成。選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆以正確填涂方式將各小題對應(yīng)選項涂黑，如需改動，用橡皮擦除干凈后再選涂其它選項。非選擇題必須使用標準黑色字跡簽字筆書寫，要求字體工整、字跡清楚。請嚴格按照答題卡上題號在相應(yīng)答題區(qū)內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效，在試卷、草稿紙上答題無效。請保持答題卡卡面清潔，不要裝訂、不要折疊、不要破損。第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ThiswasthefifthtimeI'dbeentotheNationalAnnualCompetition.ReportershadbeensayingthatIlookedunbeatable.Everyoneexpectedmeto1 .ButIknewsomethingwas2becauseIcouldn'tgetthisonepictureoutofmyhead:apictureofme,falling.“Goaway,"I'dsay.Buttheimagewouldn't3 .Itwastimetoskate.Themusicstarted,slowly,andItoldmyself,“Havefun,Michael!It'sjusta（n）4 ”O(jiān)ncethemusicpickedup,Istartedskatingfaster.I'dpracticedtheroutinesomanytimes,andIdidn'thavetothinkabout5camenext.ButwhenIcamedownfromthejump,myfootslippedfromunderme.Iputahandontheiceto6 myself,butitdidn'tdoanygood.Thingskeptgetting 7.Onatripleflip（三周跳）IspunthroughtheairandjustasIlanded,mywholebodywentdownagain.ThereIwas,flatontheice,withthewholeworld8 .Ididn'tthinkI'dbeabletopullmyselftogether.ButasIgotup,Iheardanamazing9.Peoplewereclappingintimetothemusic.Theyweretryingtogivemecourage.Iwasn'tsurprisedbymyscores.However,theaudience'sclappingwokemeup!Iwassobusytryingnotto10thatIforgottofeelwhatwasinmyheart-theloveforskating.A.winA.challengingA.returnB.enjoyB.missingB.leaveC.shareC.wrongC.appearD.relaxD.dangerousD.stay4.A.sportB.activityC.pictureD.accident5.A.whenB.whyC.whoD.what6.A.prepareB.catchC.comfortD.measure7.A.clearerB.easierC.heavierD.worse8.A.watchingB.expectingC.ignoringD.changing9.A.voiceB.storyC.soundD.idea10.A.collapseB.resistC.fallD.escape【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.A5.D6.B7.D8.A9.C10.C【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者參加一次滑冰全國比賽時，腦海中想到的是自己摔倒的畫面。比賽時，作者摔倒了，卻贏得了觀眾熱烈的掌聲。這讓作者意識到，自己在比賽時只顧想著如何避免摔倒，而忽視了自己內(nèi)心對滑冰運動的熱愛?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每個人都希望我能贏。A.win贏；B.enjoy喜歡，享受；C.share分享；D.relax放松。根據(jù)前一句"ReportershadbeensayingthatIlookedunbeatable.”可知，因為記者們說作者不可被戰(zhàn)勝，所以此處表示每個人都期待作者會贏得比賽。故選A。【2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但我知道有些事情不對勁，因為我一直無法擺脫腦海里的畫面:我摔倒的畫面。A.challenging挑戰(zhàn)的；B.missing失蹤的；C.wrong錯誤的，不對的；D.dangerous危險的。根據(jù)后文“becauseIcouldn'tgetthisonepictureoutofmyhead:apictureofme,falling.”可知，因為作者腦海里一直有自己摔倒的畫面，所以此處表示作者感覺事情有些不對勁。故選C。【3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但是這個畫面不會被遺忘。A.return返回；B.leave遺忘；C.appear出現(xiàn)；D.stay停留。根據(jù)前文“"Goaway,"I'dsay."和轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知，作者摔倒的畫面一直揮之不去。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這只是一項運動。A.sport運動；B.activity活動；C.picture照片；D.accident事故。根據(jù)前文“"Havefun,Michael!”可知，因為作者在參加滑冰比賽，作者自我安慰，告訴自己這只是一項運動。故選A?！?題詳解】考查連接詞辨析。句意：這個動作我已經(jīng)練習了很多次了，我根本不用去想接下來會發(fā)生什么。A.when何時；B.why為何；C.who誰；D.what什么。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用連接詞引導賓語從句，從句缺少主語，表示具體的內(nèi)容，所以空處需用連接代詞what引導賓語從句。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我把一只手放在冰上想支撐住自己，但沒有用。A.prepare準備；B.catch接住，抓??；C.comfort安慰；D.measure測量。根據(jù)前文“ButwhenIcamedownfromthejump,myfootslippedfromunderme.”可知，因為作者腳滑了，所以他想用手支撐住自己。故選B?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：情況越來越糟。A.clearer更清楚；B.easier更簡單；C.heavier更差；D.worse更糟糕。根據(jù)后文“Onatripleflip（三周跳）Ispunthroughtheair,andjustasIlanded,mywholebodywentdownagain.”可知，在三個翻轉(zhuǎn)中，作者在空中旋轉(zhuǎn)，就在落地的時候，作者的整個身體又沉了下去。由此可知，情況變得更糟糕。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我就在那里，平躺在冰上，全世界都在注視著我。A.watching觀看；B.Expecting期待；C.ignoring忽視；D.changing改變。根據(jù)前文“mywholebodywentdownagain”可知，因為作者摔倒在地，所以作者感覺全世界都在注視著自己。故選A。【9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但當我站起來時，我聽到一個驚人的聲音。A.voice聲音（多指人的嗓音）；B.story故事；C.sound聲音（自然界的各種聲音）；D.idea想法。根據(jù)后文“Peoplewereclappingintimetothemusic.”可知，此處需用sound表示人們的掌聲。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我忙著不讓自己跌倒，以至于忘記了感受我心中的感受—一對滑冰的熱愛。A.collapse崩潰，倒塌；B.resist抵制；C.fall摔倒；D.escape逃跑。根據(jù)前文“apictureofme,falling”可知，作者一直想著自己是否會摔倒，所以此處需用動詞fall，表示作者只想著是否會摔倒，忘記了自己對滑冰運動的熱愛。故選C。第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Onceuponatime,inasmalltownlivedamanwhocouldn'tsee.Yet,hecarriedalightedlampwithhimwheneverhewentatnight.Onenight,hecame11agroupoftravelers.Oneofthemaskedhim,“Hey,man!Youcan'tseeanything!Whydoyoucarryalightedlampthen?”Theblindmanreplied,“Yes,12(unfortunate),IamblindbutthelightedlampIamcarryingisforpeoplelikeyouwhocansee.Youmaynotseemecomingandendupknockingintome.Thatis13Icarryalightedlamp.”【答案】11.across12.unfortunately13.why【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個盲人拿著一盞點燃的燈為別人照明的故事?！?1題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：一天晚上，他遇到一群旅行者。comeacross偶遇，遇到，固定短語。故填across?！?2題詳解】考查副詞。句意：是的，不幸的是，我是盲人但我手里的燈是為像你這樣能看見的人準備的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用副詞作狀語修飾空后整個句子，unfortunate的副詞為unfortunately“不幸地”。故填unfortunately?！?3題詳解】考查表語從句。句意：這就是我拿著一盞點燃的燈的原因。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用連接詞引導表語從句，此處是對拿著一盞點燃的燈的原因進行解釋說明，所以空處需用連接副詞why引導。故填why。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Inrecentyears,Chineseliteraturehasgainedmorepopularityworldwide.AnincreasingnumberofChineseliteraryworks14(translate)intomultiplelanguages,includingEnglish,French,JapaneseandRussian,andreadbypeoplefromcountriesandregions15(involve)intheBeltandRoadInitiative(“一帶一路”倡議).Notonlyhavethe16(story)fromChina'spastmadetheirwaythroughtime,butthebeautyofthelanguagehasdrawntheworld'sattention.【答案】14.havebeentranslated/weretranslatedinvolvedstories【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述中國文學在世界范圍內(nèi)越來越受歡迎。【14題詳解】考查被動語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：越來越多中國文學作品被翻譯成英、法、日、俄等多種語言，被“一帶一路”沿線國家和地區(qū)的人們閱讀?？仗幮栌脛釉~作謂語，根據(jù)句意可知，空處謂語動詞可以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：was/weredone,表示過去被翻譯，此處也可以用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)Fbeendone,表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，主語是復數(shù)works,所以此處be動詞需用were^動詞需用卜2丫?。故填havebeentranslated或weretranslated。【15題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：同上。本句已有謂語動詞translate，且空處沒有連詞，所以空處需用非謂語動詞作后置定語修飾名詞countriesandregions，表示被動需用過去分詞involved作后置定語。故填involvedo【16題詳解】考查名詞復數(shù)。句意：不僅來自中國歷史的故事穿越了時間的長河,而且語言的美麗吸引了全世界的注意。由空前助動詞have可知，空處需用名詞story的復數(shù)作主語。故填stories。C閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空,在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。LastJulyChina'smannedsubmersible(載人潛艇)Fendouzhe 17(dive)10,909metersdeepintheMarianaTrench.Thisisthe18(deep)divingrecordforaChinesemannedsubmersible.Thepressureunderwaterisverystrong,19islikeanelephantstandingonthetipofyourfinger.Fendouzhecancarryuptothreepeople.Theeggshapemakesiteasierforthescientists20(move)aroundandstudythesea.【答案】17.dived/dovedeepestwhich20.tomove【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了中國載人潛水器“奮斗者”號實現(xiàn)最深潛水記錄?！?7題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：去年7月,中國“奮斗者”號載人潛水器潛入馬里亞納海溝10909米深處。由時間狀語LastJuly可知，空處謂語動詞需用一般過去時，dive的過去式為dived/dove。故填dived或dove?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞最高級。句意：這是中國載人潛水器的最深潛水記錄。根據(jù)空后“divingrecordforaChinesemannedsubmersible.”和空前定冠詞the可知，空處形容詞需用其最高級形式deepest，表示最深潛水記錄。故填deepesto【19題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：水下的壓力非常大，就像一頭大象站在你的指尖上。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用關(guān)系詞引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面的整個句子，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，所以空處需用關(guān)系代詞which引導非限制性定語從句。故填whicho【20題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：對于科學家們來說，卵形潛水器更容易四處走動和研究海洋。Makeiteasierforsb.todosth.使某人更容易做某事，固定搭配，此處it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是動詞不定式，所以空處需用動詞不定式作賓語。故填tomove。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)閱讀理解（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AVariousAppstoLearnAppsaretypicaldigitallearningtools,whichcangiveyoudiverseandpersonalizedcontenttomeetyourneeds.Wanttofindanappthatcanhelpyoulearn?Herearesomegreatideasforyou.耀MKHANACADEMYKhanAcademyallowsyoutolearnalmostanythingforfree.Itcoverssubjectssuchasmath,physics,biology,andevencomputerscience.Therealmagicofthisappisthatyoucanlearnatyourownpace.Youcanreviewsubjectsthatyouarenotgoodat,orstartlearningasubjectyoulike.TheappisinEnglish.Ifyouwanttoseeitstranslationyoucanvisit/khan.Idemy"academyof/ctj-B.UdemyandDuolingo.Idemy"academyof/ctj-B.UdemyandDuolingo.D.BrainPOPandDuolingo.B.Speakingpractice.D.Careertraining.BrainPOPmixeslearningandtechnologyinafunandsimpleway.It'sfreeandteachesyousomethingneweveryday.FromthesolarsystemtoDNA,eachtopicstartswithaninterestingcartoonmovie.Afteryou'vewatchedit,youcantakeatesttoseehowmuchyou'velearned.Udemyisa“l(fā)earnondemand”websiteandapp.Itisforcareer-orientedindividualstostarttheircoursepricingat$10.99.Thisappallowsyoutheflexibilitytotakeyourtimeonacourseyoupurchaseoverthecourseofseveralmonths,withoutworryingaboutrecurring（重復的）paymentsbeforeyoufinish.Thisflexiblelearningappallowsyoutotakethingsslow,fast,oranywherein-betweenwithcompletecontrolonyourend.Duolingoisthepremierleaderinlanguageeducationforlearningapps.Youcanlearntospeak29differentlanguages,allatthetouchofabutton.You'llbeinvitedtonotonlyreadnewwords,buttospeakthem.You'lllearngrammarandconversationalstrategies.Thisapphelpsyoulearntocommunicatewithanewportionofitsinhabitants!Accordingtothepassage,whatappsallowyoutolearnatyourspeed?A.KhanAcademyandUdemy.C.KhanAcademyandBrainPOP.WhatcanDuolingoofferitsusers?A.Subjectsreviewing.C.Technicalsupport.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?Tocomparethedifferenceofdifferentlearningmethods.Tointroducethedevelopmentoflearningtechnology.Tohelpfindthesuitablelearningapps.Toprovidevariouslearningactivities.【答案】21.A22.B23.C【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了適合學習者的四款應(yīng)用程序?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格一中“Therealmagicofthisappisthatyoucanlearnatyourownpace.（這個應(yīng)用程序的真正魔力在于，你可以按照自己的節(jié)奏學習）”和表格三的內(nèi)容“Thisappallowsyoutheflexibilitytotakeyourtimeonacourseyoupurchaseoverthecourseofseveralmonths,withoutworryingaboutrecurring（重復的）paymentsbeforeyoufinish.（這個應(yīng)用程序允許你在幾個月的時間里靈活地花時間在你購買的課程上，而不必擔心課程結(jié)束前的重復付款）”可知，KhanAcademy和Udemy應(yīng)用程序可以讓你按照自己的節(jié)奏學習。故選A。【22題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一個表格“You'llbeinvitedtonotonlyreadnewwords，buttospeakthem.You'lllearngrammarandconversationalstrategies.Thisapphelpsyoulearntocommunicatewithanewportionofitsinhabitants!（你不僅會被邀請讀生詞，而且會說。你將學習語法和會話策略。這個應(yīng)用程序幫助你學會與新的居民溝通！）”可知，Duolingo這款應(yīng)用程序會給用戶提供英語口語練習。故選B。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Wanttofindanappthatcanhelpyoulearn?Herearesomegreatideasforyou.（想找一個可以幫助你學習的應(yīng)用程序嗎？這里有一些好主意給你）”可知，這篇文章的目的是幫助找到合適的學習應(yīng)用程序。故選C。BRecyclingElectronicWasteWhenAlexLinwas11yearsold,hereadanalarmingarticleinthenewspaperwhichsaidthatpeoplewereburyingoldcomputersinbackyards,throwingTVsintostreams,anddumping（丟棄）cellphonesinthegarbage.Thiswasdangerousbecausee-wastecontainsharmfulchemicalsthatcanleakintotheenvironment,gettingintocrops,animals,watersupplies—andpeople.AlexwasreallyworriedanddecidedtomakeitnextprojectforWIN—theWesterlyInnovationsNetwork.Alexandsixofhisfriendshadformedthisorganizationtohelpsolvecommunityproblemstwoyearsbefore.Butwhatcouldtheydoaboutthisprojectwithe-waste?Theteamspentseveralweeksgatheringinformationabouttheharmfulchemicalsine-wasteandtheireffectsonhumans.Theylearnedhowtodispose（處置）ofe-wasteproperlyandhowitcouldberecycled.Then,theysentoutasurveyandfoundonlyoneineightknewwhate-wastewas,letalonehowtoproperlydisposeofit.Alexandhisfriendswentintoaction.Theyadvertisedinthelocalnewspaperanddistributednoticestostudents,askingresidentstobringtheirunwantedelectronicstotheschoolparkinglot.Thedrivelastedtwodays,andtheycollectedover9,500kilogramsofe-waste.

Thenextstepwastosetupalong-terme-wastedrop-offcenterforthetown.Aftersomeresearch,they’dlearnedthatreusingisthebestwaytodealwithelectronicdevicesanditisseventimesmoreefficientthanrecycling.So,theybeganlearningtorefurbish（翻新）computersthemselvesanddistributedthemtostudentswhodidn’thavetheirown.Inthisway,theycouldhelpstudentsintheareaandprotecttheenvironmentatthesametime.Foralastingsolutiontoe-waste,thedrop-offcenterwasn’tenough.Lawswouldhavetobepassed.In2016,WINhelpedpushforane-wastebillintheirtown,whichrequiredcompaniesthatmanufacturedorsoldelectronicstotakebacke-waste.Thebillclearlyforbidsthedumpingofe-waste.BecauseoftheworkofWIN,moreandmorepeople,likeAlexandhisteam,aregettingthemessageaboutsafedisposalofe-waste.AsAlexsays,“Today’stechnologyshouldnotbecometomorrow’sharmfulgarbage.”24.WhatwasAlex’sworryafterhereadthearticle?B.Therecyclingofplastic.D.B.Therecyclingofplastic.D.Theoveruseofoldcomputers.B.Collectinformation.D.Carryoutasurvey.C.Thechangeofenvironment.WhatdidAlexdotostarttheproject?A.SetupWIN.C.Askfriendsforhelp.WhichcanbestdescribethewayAlexandhisteamdidtheirwork?A.Traditional. B.Competitive.C.Scientific. D.Convenient.Whatmessagedoesthestoryconvey?Thereisnoendtoperfection.Successcomesthroughfailure.Everypositiveattitudehasareward.Youngpeoplecanmakeabigdifference.【答案】24.A25.B26.C27.D【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了幾個十幾歲的年輕人為了避免電子垃圾對環(huán)境造成的影響，想辦法循環(huán)利用電子垃圾的事情?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容“WhenAlexLinwas11yearsold,hereadanalarmingarticleinthenewspaperwhichsaidthatpeoplewereburyingoldcomputersinbackyards,throwingTVsintostreams,anddumping（丟棄）cellphonesinthegarbage.Thiswasdangerousbecausee-wastecontainsharmfulchemicalsthatcanleakintotheenvironment,gettingintocrops,animals,watersupplies—andpeople.”（當AlexLin11歲時，他在報紙上讀至U一篇令人震驚的文章，人們把舊電腦埋在后院，把電視扔到河里，把手機扔到垃圾堆里。這是危險的，因為電子垃圾中含有有害的化學物質(zhì)，可能會泄漏至環(huán)境中，進入農(nóng)作物、動物、水源和人類。）和第二段第一句話“Alexwasreallyworried”（Alex真的很擔心）可知，Alex看到報紙上的文章，得知隨意丟棄電子垃圾是危險的，會危害環(huán)境、農(nóng)作物、動物、水源和人類，這讓他很擔心。由此可知，Alex看完這篇文章后擔心的是亂扔電子垃圾的現(xiàn)象。故選A項?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段關(guān)鍵句“Butwhatcouldtheydoaboutthisprojectwithe-waste?Theteamspentseveralweeksgatheringinformationabouttheharmfulchemicalsine-wasteandtheireffectsonhumans.”（但是他們能對這個電子垃圾項目做些什么呢？小組花了幾周時間收集有關(guān)電子垃圾中有害化學物質(zhì)及其對人類影響的信息。）可知，為了開展這個項目，小組首先花了幾周時間收集有關(guān)電子垃圾中有害化學物質(zhì)及其對人類影響的信息。由此可知，Alex通過收集信息的方式來開始這個項目。故選B項?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段關(guān)鍵句“Butwhatcouldtheydoaboutthisprojectwithe-waste?Theteamspentseveralweeksgatheringinformationabouttheharmfulchemicalsine-wasteandtheireffectsonhumans.”（但是他們能對這個電子垃圾項目做些什么呢？小組花了幾周時間收集有關(guān)電子垃圾中有害化學物質(zhì)及其對人類影響的信息。）、第四段關(guān)鍵句“Alexandhisfriendswentintoaction.Theyadvertisedinthelocalnewspaperanddistributednoticestostudents,askingresidentstobringtheirunwantedelectronicstotheschoolparkinglot.”（Alex和他的朋友們開始行動了。他們在當?shù)貓蠹埳系菑V告，向?qū)W生們分發(fā)通知，要求居民們把不需要的電子產(chǎn)品帶到學校停車場。）和第五段關(guān)鍵句“Thenextstepwastosetupalong-terme-wastedrop-offcenterforthetown."（下一步是為該鎮(zhèn)建立一個長期的電子垃圾投放中心。）可知，Alex和他的朋友們?yōu)榱碎_展這個項目，首先收集信息，然后通過登報和分發(fā)通知等方式進行宣傳，接下來建立一個長期的電子垃圾投放中心，這種做法是科學的，再結(jié)合最后一段關(guān)鍵句“BecauseoftheworkofWIN,moreandmorepeople,likeAlexandhisteam,aregettingthemessageaboutsafedisposalofe-waste.”（由于WIN的工作，越來越多的人，像Alex和他的團隊一樣，正在得到關(guān)于安全處理電子垃圾的信息。）可知，他們的工作獲得了成功。由此可推斷出，Alex和他的團隊的工作方式是科學的。故選C項?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。分析文章內(nèi)容，結(jié)合最后一段關(guān)鍵句“BecauseoftheworkofWIN,moreandmorepeople,likeAlexandhisteam,aregettingthemessageaboutsafedisposalofe-waste.”（由于WIN的工作，越來越多的人，像Alex和他的團隊一樣，正在得到關(guān)于安全處理電子垃圾的信息。）可知，文章主要講述了幾個十幾歲的年輕人為了避免電子垃圾對環(huán)境造成的影響，想辦法循環(huán)利用電子垃圾的事情，并最終獲得了成功，越來越多的人知道了關(guān)于安全處理電子垃圾的信息?！癥oungpeoplecanmakeabigdifference.”意為“年輕人可以有所作為?！蹦軌蚋爬ㄟ@個故事傳達的信息。故選D項。CJustbecauseascientistputsaGPStrackingcollaronawildpolarbeardoesnotmeantheanimalwillwillinglykeepiton.Theycanremoveit,ifonebecomesannoying.Butscientistshavenowfoundawayofusingsignalsfromthosedroppedcollarstotracktheiceitself.Thescientistsidentified20collarsthattransmittedmovementdataconsistentwithicedrift（漂流）ratherthanpolarbearmotionbetween2005and2015.TheresultingrecordsofhowmeltingicedriftsinHudsonBayareunique;therearenoeasilyaccessibleon-the-groundsensors,andsatelliteobservationsoftencannotaccuratelycapturethemotionofsmallicesheets.Theteamcomparedtheremovedcollars’movementstowidelyusedice-driftmodelingdatafromtheU.S.NationalSnowandIceDataCenter（NSIDC）.CollardataindicatedthattheNSIDCmodelunderestimatesthespeedatwhichicemovesaroundinHudsonBay—aswellastheoverallextentofdrift.Overthecourseofseveralmonthsthemodelcoulddiverge（偏離）fromanicesheet’slocationbyafewhundredkilometers,thescientistssay.Thismeansthebearsmaybeworkingharder,whenmovingagainstthedirectionoftheice,thanscientistshadassumed,“Sincewe’reunderestimatingthespeedofdrift,we’relikelyunderestimatingtheenergeticeffortofpolarbears,”saysRonTogunov,wholedthestudy.Thestudyrevealstimelyinsightintohowhighlymobileicemoves.Asmeltingincreasesincomingyears,suchicewilllikelybecomemorecommonfarthernorth,inthecentralArctic,saysAndyMahoney,ageophysicistattheUniversityofAlaska,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.ScientistshadknownNSIDCdatacouldunderestimatedriftspeeds,Mahoneysays,but“anytimewecanfindadatagapandplugitisagoodthing.”Plus,suchdatacouldimprovepredictionsabouthowoilspillsorotherpollutantsmayspreadinseaslitteredwithdriftingice,saysWaltMeier,aseniorNSIDCresearchscientist.ThefindingsmayeveninfluencefutureNSIDCmodels.“It'’sareallynicedataset.”Meiersays.“Andcertainlyonewe’lltakeunderconsideration.”28.WhatcanaGPStrackingcollardo?A.Measurethedepthoficesheet. B.Capturethemovementofice.C.Describethemeltingspeedofice. D.Recordtheemotionalstateofbears.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecollardata?Itshowstheicemovesmoreslowlyfromitsoriginallocation.Itmayrevealpolarbearsarenotsoenergeticasbefore.ItindicatestheiceismorelikelytomovesouthinthecentralArctic.Itcanhelppredictthelocationofsomepollutantsinseas.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.DataTellsaDifferentStory B.WildPolarBears’SignalingC.InsightsintoaPuzzlingAspect D.IceIsTakenunderConsideration【答案】28.B29.D30.A【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了GPS跟蹤項圈能捕獲冰層的運動，讓我們對冰層移動的速度以及漂移的總體范圍有了新的認知。【28題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句“Butscientistshavenowfoundawayofusingsignalsfromthosedroppedcollarstotracktheiceitself.（但是科學家們現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種方法，可以利用掉下來的項圈發(fā)出的信號來追蹤冰層本身）”和第二段關(guān)鍵句“Thescientistsidentified20collarsthattransmittedmovementdataconsistentwithicedrift（漂流）ratherthanpolarbearmotionbetween2005and2015.（科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了20個項圈，這些項圈傳遞的運動數(shù)據(jù)與2005年至2015年間的冰層漂流一致，而不是北極熊的運動）”可知，這些掉下來的GPS跟蹤項圈可以發(fā)出信號來追蹤冰層本身，能夠傳遞冰層運動的數(shù)據(jù)。由此可知，GPS跟蹤項圈能捕獲冰的運動。故選B項。【29題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段關(guān)鍵句“Plus,suchdatacouldimprovepredictionsabouthowoilspillsorotherpollutantsmayspreadinseaslitteredwithdriftingice,saysWaltMeier,aseniorNSIDCresearchscientist.（此匕外，NSIDC的一位高級研究科學家WaltMeier說，這樣的數(shù)據(jù)可以改進關(guān)于溢油或其他污染物如何在布滿浮冰的海洋中擴散的預(yù)測）”可知，GPS跟蹤項圈捕獲的數(shù)據(jù)可以幫助預(yù)測海洋中一些污染物的位置。故選D項?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。分析文章內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第三段關(guān)鍵句“Theteamcomparedtheremovedcollars'movementstowidelyusedice-driftmodelingdatafromtheU.S.NationalSnowandIceDataCenter（NSIDC）.CollardataindicatedthattheNSIDCmodelunderestimatesthespeedatwhichicemovesaroundinHudsonBay—aswellastheoverallextentofdrift.（研究小組將移除的項圈的運動與美國國家冰雪數(shù)據(jù)中4（NSIDC）廣泛使用的冰漂移建模數(shù)據(jù)進行了比較。項圈數(shù)據(jù)表明，NSIDC模型低估了哈德遜灣冰層移動的速度以及漂移的總體范圍）”可知，GPS跟蹤項圈捕獲的數(shù)據(jù)與NSIDC模型的數(shù)據(jù)不相符，讓我們對冰層移動的速度以及漂移的總體范圍有了新的認知?！癉ataTellsaDifferentStory”意為“數(shù)據(jù)說明了另一種情況”能夠概括文章主要內(nèi)容。故選A項。DAtuniversity,whenItoldpeopleIwasstudyingforahistorydegree,theresponsewasalmostalwaysthesame,“Youwanttobeateacher?”No,ajournalist.“Oh.Butyou’renotmajoringincommunications?”Inthedayswhenauniversityeducationwasaprivilege,perhapstherewasn’ttheassumptionthatadegreehadtobeaspringboarddirectlyintoacareer.Thosedaysarelonggone.Today,adegreeisallbutanecessityforthejobmarket,onethatmorethanhalvesyourchancesofbeingunemployed.Still,thataloneisnoguaranteeofajob—andyetwe’repayingmoreandmoreforone.Giventhosecosts,mostofuswanttomaximizethatinvestment—andthatcanleadtoaplug-and-playtypeofapproachtohighereducation.Wanttobeajournalist?Studyjournalism,we’retold.Alawyer?Pursuepre-law.Nottotallysure?GointoSTEM(Science,Technology,EngineerandMaths)—youcanbecomeanengineeroranITexpert.Andnomatterwhatyoudo,forgetthehumanities,suchashistory,philosophyandlanguages.It’struethatthehumanitiescomewithahigherriskofunemployment,buttheriskisslighterthanyouwouldimagine.ForyoungpeopleintheU.S.,theunemploymentrateofthosewithhumanitiesdegreesisfourpercent,justalittlemorethanthatofengineeringdegreeholders.Lowersalariesmaynotbecausedbythedegreeitselfeither.Thegenderpaygappersistsinthehumanities,whosegraduatesaremorelikelytobefemale.Isitanywonderthenthatlanguageteacherstendtomakelessthanengineers?AccordingtoLinkedIn’sresearchonthemostsought-afterjobskillsbyemployersfor2019,theabilitytocommunicateandgetalongwithpeople,tounderstandwhat’sonotherpeople’sminds,andtodofull-strengthcriticalanalysiswereallvaluedandappreciated.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatyoucanbeanexcellentcommunicatorandcriticalthinkerwithoutahumanitiesdegree.Andanygooduniversityeducation,notjustoneinEnglishorpsychology,shouldsharpentheseabilitiesfurther.Butfewcoursesofstudyarequiteasheavyonreading,writing,speakingandcriticalthinkingasthehumanities—whetherthat’sbydebatingotherstudentsinaseminar,writingathesispaperoranalyzingpoetry.ThewholequestionofwhetherastudentshouldchooseSTEMversusthehumanitiesmightbemisguidedtobeginwith.Theheadlinesmostofusseedon’thelp.Whateverastudentpursuesinuniversity,itmustbesomethingthattheyarenotonlygoodat,butinterestedin.Evenifitmeanspursuinga“useless”degree—likeoneinhumanities.Whyarepeoplepayingmoreandmoreforadegree?Becausepeopleneedadegreetofurthertheircareer.Becauseuniversityeducationisconsideredaprivilege.Becauseadegreeisviewedasamustforlandingajob.Becausetheirinterestcanbedevelopedinuniversity.

Theauthormentionedaplug-and-playtypeofapproachtoshow atipforchoosingamajortheimportanceofhighereducationaproblemthatexistsamongSTEMgraduatesthereasonwhypeopleoverlookthehumanities33.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthebenefitofmajoringinhumanities?A.Acomparativelyhighsalaryaftergraduation.B.Betterchancesofgettingridofgenderprejudice.C.Abettercommunicativeskillthansciencestudents.D.Moreexposuretothetrainingoflanguageandthinking.34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthepursuitofhumanities?A.Theauthormentionedaplug-and-playtypeofapproachtoshow atipforchoosingamajortheimportanceofhighereducationaproblemthatexistsamongSTEMgraduatesthereasonwhypeopleoverlookthehumanities33.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthebenefitofmajoringinhumanities?A.Acomparativelyhighsalaryaftergraduation.B.Betterchancesofgettingridofgenderprejudice.C.Abettercommunicativeskillthansciencestudents.D.Moreexposuretothetrainingoflanguageandthinking.34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthepursuitofhumanities?A.Doubtful.B.Optimistic.C.Objective.D.Concerned.【答案】31.C32.D33.D34.C【分析】這是一篇議論文。作者在文中引用了科學數(shù)據(jù)客觀介紹了學習人文學科的利與弊，告訴我們學生在大學里學習的應(yīng)該是自己擅長并感興趣的東西，并不只是為了獲得工作而學習。【31題詳解】LJZ\【31題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句"Today,adegreeisallbutanecessityforthejobmarkjoneihatmorelnhalvesyourchancesofbeingunemployed.Still,thataloneisnoguaranteeofajob—andyetwerepayingmoreandmoreforone.（如今，學位對就業(yè)市場來說幾乎是一種必需品，它會使你失業(yè)幾率減半上。盡管如此單憑這一點并不能保證找到一份工作，然而我們?yōu)閷W位付出的代價卻越來越高）”可知，人們?yōu)閷W位付出的代價卻越來越高是因為學位被視為獲得工作的必備條件。故選C項?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句"Giventhosecosts,mostofuswanttomaximizethatinvestment—andthatcanleadtoaplug-and-playtypeofapproachtohighereducation.（考慮到這些成本，我們大多數(shù)人都希望將投資最大化這就導致了一種即插即用的高等教育方式）”和"Andnomatterwhatyoudo,forgetthehumanities,suchashistory,philosophyandlanguages.（不管你做什么，忘記了人文學科，比如歷史、哲學和語言）”可知，作者提出了一種即插即用的方法是為了說明人們忽視人文學科的原因。故選D項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句"Butfewcoursesofstudyarequiteasheavyonreading,writing,speakingandcriticalthinkingasthehumanities—whetherthat’sbydebatingotherstudentsinaseminar,writingathesispaperoranalyzingpoetry.（但很少有課程像人文學科那樣注重閱讀、寫作、口語和批判性思維——無論是在研討會上與其他學生辯論、寫論文還是分析詩歌）”可知，在筆者看來，主修人文學科的好處是能更多的接受語言和思維的訓練。故選D項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段關(guān)鍵句“ForyoungpeopleintheU.S.,theunemploymentrateofthosewithhumanitiesdegreesisfourpercent,justalittlemorethanthatofengineeringdegreeholders.（對于美國的年輕人來說，擁有人文學科學位的人的失業(yè)率是百分之四，只比擁有工程學學位的人高一點點）”和倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句"Butfewcoursesofstudyarequiteasheavyonreading,writing,speakingandcriticalthinkingasthehumanities—whetherthat'sbydebatingotherstudentsinaseminar,writingathesispaperoranalyzingpoetry.（但很少有課程像人文學科那樣注重閱讀、寫作、口語和批判性思維——無論是在研討會上與其他學生辯論、寫論文還是分析詩歌）”可知，作者在文中引用了科學數(shù)據(jù)客觀介紹了學習人文學科的利與弊，作者對學習人文學科的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選C項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。WhatCanWeSeeinaLogo?Weseehundredsoflogosonsigns,vehicles,websites,andevenontheclotheswewear.Alloftheselogosaredesignedtoattractourattention.35However,recentlyresearchsupportstheideathatrememberingwhatalogolookslikeisaverydifficulttask.Researchersgave85studentsasimpleassignmenttodrawtheApplelogopurelyfrommemory.Surprisinglyonlyonestudentinthestudycouldaccuratelydrawthelogofrommemory.36Researchershavedevelopedatheorythattheythinkmighthelptoexplainthisblindspotinourmemories.Logosaretypicallydesignedtobesimpleandeasytorecognizewithaquickglance.Yetthefrequentexposuretotheselogoscanactuallymakeourbrainsoverlookthem.Thisprocessisknownas“attentionalsaturation（注意力飽和）” 37Eventhoughthebrainisaccustomedtoignoringunnecessarydetails,itisalsoprogrammedforrecognition.Whenweseeimagessuchaslogosoverandoveragain,webecomefamiliarwiththem.Thisconstantexposureleadstosomethingscientistsrefertoasgist（梗概）memory. 38Thisgeneralsenseofmemoryhasitsownbenefits.Infact,familiaritywithapopularlogocanevenmakepeoplefeelmorecomfortableaboutpurchasingorusingcertainproducts.Logosareeverywherewelooktoday.Afancydesignorathoughtfulcolorcombinationmaybeagoodstartforalogoconcept,butthereareotherfactorstoconsider.39Acleverdesignmay