2020屆中考語法專練之主謂一致講解及配套真題專練

2020屆中考語法專練之主謂一致講解及配套真題專練主謂一致三原則1.語法一致的原則⑴以單數(shù)名詞或代詞，動詞不定式短語作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù);主語為復數(shù)時，謂語用復數(shù)，例如：Hegoestoschoolearlyeverymorning.Thechildrenareplayingoutside.Toworkhardisnecessaryforastudent.(2)由and或both……and連接的并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。例如：BothheandIareright.MrBlackandMrsBlackhaveasoncalledTom.但并列主語如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：Histeacherandfriendisabeautifulgirl.Thepoetandwriterhascome.(3)由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由each,every修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtohelp.(4)主語是單數(shù)時，盡管后面踉有but,except,besides,with等介詞短語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。例如：Theteacherwithhisstudentsisgoingtovisitthemuseum.Nobodybuttwoboyswaslateforclass.Breadandbutterisadailyfoodinthewest.(5)一些只有復數(shù)形式的名詞，如people,police,cattle,clothes等作主語時，謂語動詞要用復數(shù)。例如：Alotofpeoplearedancingoutside.Thepolicearelookingforlostboy.(6)由each,some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的復合代詞作主語時，謂語動詞都用單數(shù)。例如：Iseverybodyready?Somebodyisusingthephone.(7)有兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞，如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors等作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。例如：2?1?c?n?j-yWherearemyshoes?Ican'tfindthem.Yourtrousersaredirty.You’dbetterchangethem.21?世紀*教育網(wǎng)如果這類名詞前用Yapairof等，則往往用作單數(shù)，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式往往取決于pair的單復數(shù)形式。例如：2mHerearesomenewpairsofshoes.Mynewpairofsocksisonthebed.2.意義一致的原則(1)表時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。例如：Twentyyearsisnotalongtime.Tendollarsistoodear.⑵有些集合名詞，如family,team等作主語時，如作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如指其中每個成員，則用復數(shù)。例如：www-2-1-cnjy-comMyfamilyisbigone.MyfamilyarewatchingTV.(3)不定代詞由all,most,more,some,any,nond乍主語時，也要依這些代詞表示的意義來決定謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式。如果代詞代表復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復數(shù);如果代詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：21**comAlloftheworkhasbeenfinished.Allofthepeoplehavegone.(4)疑問代詞作主語時，其謂語動詞也有兩種情況：主語表示復數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復數(shù);主語表示單數(shù)意義，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：Whoisyourbrother?WhoareLeaguemembers?(5)“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的詞組作主語時，其謂語動詞要以of后面的名詞而定。名詞是復數(shù)，謂語動詞用復數(shù)：名詞是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：【版權(quán)所有：21教育】Itissaidthat35percentofthedoctorsarewomen.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.教育網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有(6)half,therest等表示不定數(shù)量的名詞作主語時，如果所指為復數(shù)意義，動詞用復數(shù);如果所指為單數(shù)意義，動詞用單數(shù)。例如：Ihavereadalargepartofthebook,therestismoredifficult.Onlytenstudentsattendedtheclassbecausealltherestwereoffsick.(7)由what引導地主于從句作主語時，通常謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。但如果所指內(nèi)容為復數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。例如：Whatshesaidiscorrect.Whatsheleftmeareafewoldbooks.(8)凡是以“定冠詞+形容詞(或分詞)”作主語，往往根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式。如果這種主語指的是一類人，謂語動詞用復數(shù);如果指的是一個人或抽象概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.2-1-c-n-j-yThedeadisafamousperson.

3.鄰近一致的原則(1)由連詞or,either or,neither nor,notonly…butalso,等連接的并歹U主語，如果一個是單數(shù)，一個是復數(shù)，則謂語動詞按就近一致原則，與最靠近它的主語一致。例如：EitheryouorIamright.Neitherthechildrennortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit.(2)在“Therebe”句型中，謂語動詞和靠近的主語一致。Therearetwoapplesandoneegginit.(3)aswellas和名詞連用時，謂語動詞和第一個名詞相一致。HeaswellasIisresponsibleforit.不但是我，他對這件事也有責任。(4)以here開頭的句子，其謂語動詞和靠近的主語一致。真題鏈接：Wegaveawaybookstotheschoollibrarylastyear.(2019甘肅蘭州)A.sixthousands B.sixthousandC.sixthousandsof D.sixthousandofInthenearfuture,thereself-drivingcarsinourcity.(2019甘肅蘭州)A.is B.wasC.are D.willbestudentsinourclassgoinetothesummercampinBeijingnextweek.(2019甘肅天水)A.Twofifths;is B.Secondfifths;areC.Secondfifths;is D.Twofifths;areAfterplayingfootballformorethanhalfanhour,thestudentstookrest.(2019甘肅天水)A.afewminute'sB.alittleminute'sC.afewminutesD.alittleminutes

C.afewminutesD.alittleminutes5.Septemberisthemonthofayear.（2019甘肅敦煌）CA.seventh B.eighth C.ninthD.tenthWeareproudofourcountry.Theyear2019isherbirthday.（2019廣東）A.seventyB.theseventyC.theseventiethD.seventieth—CanIhelpyou,Madam?（2019廣西玉林）—Yes.please.A.Twopairofsocks B.TwopairsofsocksC.Twopairsofsock D.TwopairofsockNowadays,peoplelikeHUAWEIphonesbetter,andaboutofthemareadults.（2019貴州安順）A.thenumberof,four-fifths B.anumberof,four-fifthC.anumberof,four-fifths D.thenumberof,four-five9.volunteerswillbeneededfor2020BeijingWinterOlympicGames.（2019黑龍江大慶）A.TwothousandofB.TwothousandsofC.ThousandofD.Thousandsof—We'llcelebratetheNationalDaythisyear.—ThatsreallyexcitingoA.seventyB.seventeenC.seventiethWearepreparingprogramstocelebrateourcountry,sbirthday.（2019黑龍江齊齊哈爾）A.seventy B.seventieth C.seventeenthHismothertookhimtovisitthegreatWallonhisbirthday.（2019黑龍江綏化）A.nine B.nineth C.ninthEveryyear,booksaregivenawaytothepoorchildreninthecountryside.（2019湖南郴州）A.thousandB.thousandsofC.thousandofA.thousandB.thousandsofC.thousandofWuDajiang,aChineseskater,setanewworldrecordattheShortTrackWorldCuplastyear.（2019江蘇宿遷）A.25-year-old B.25yearold C.25-year-old D.25yearsoldWhichmonthoftheyeardoyoulikebest?（2019山東濱州）-July,themonth,becausesummervacationbegininthismonth.A.seven B.six C.seventh D.sixthisthepopulationofChina,Jack? Letmethinkforamoment,itisabout.（2019年四川省達州）A.Howmany;1,400millionB.What;1,400millionC.What;140millionD.Howmany;140million17.Onmybirthday,Igotanewschoolbagasagiftfrom