2023年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour單元知識（含解析）新人教版必修4-New

2023年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour單元知識（含解析）新人教版必修4PAGE2-Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour1.★uptonow到目前為止，通常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。?Uptonow,hehassetup2two

companies.到目前為止，他已經(jīng)開了兩家公司了。【拓展延伸】upto直到；多達(dá)；由……決定；勝任justnow現(xiàn)在；剛剛nowandagain/then有時，不時fromnowon從現(xiàn)在起?ThehurricanecrossedthesoutheastcornerofEnglandwithwindsofupto160km/h.颶風(fēng)橫掃英格蘭的東南部，風(fēng)速高達(dá)每小時160公里。?Everyoneneedsapatonthebacknowandthen.每個人都需要不時地得到鼓勵。?Fromnowon,Iwillbegintowritemybook.從現(xiàn)在起，我將開始寫我的書了。1.根據(jù)括號中所給的漢語意思，用up的相關(guān)短語完成句子①—Shallwegototheartexhibitionrightaway?—It’s____________________(由你決定).

②____________________(到目前為止),noeffectivedrughasbeenfoundwhichcancurecancers.

2.單句語法填空Uptonow,greatchanges______________(take)placeinourhometownandpeopleareenjoyingagoodpolicy.3.改錯─Howisyourmathteacherallthesedays?─I’venoidea.Butitissaidthatuptonowherecoveredfromhisseriousillness.【答案】1.①uptoyou ②Uptonow2.★content(1)adj.滿足的，滿意的。常見用法：常見用法：feel/becontentwith對……滿足becontenttodosth甘心/滿足于做某事?Areyoucontentwithyourwork?你對你的工作滿意嗎？?I’mcontenttoremainwhereIamnow.我甘心維持現(xiàn)狀。

(2)n.滿足；內(nèi)容；目錄；含量。toone’sheart’scontent心滿意足地；盡情地?Thedrawerhasbeenemptiedofitscontents.抽屜已經(jīng)騰空了。(3)vt.使?jié)M足。常見用法：contentsb/oneselfwith...使某人(自己)對……感到滿足?Thelittleboycontentedhimselfwithanewtoy.那男孩有了新玩具就滿足了。

【特別提醒】1.content作＂內(nèi)容，目錄＂理解時為可數(shù)名詞，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2.作定語時應(yīng)用contented。?Shelookedatmewithacontentedexpression.她帶著滿足的表情看著我?！厩蓪W(xué)妙記】1.單句改錯①Ilikethestyleofthebook,butIdon’tlikethecontent.②Becontenttowhoyouareandwhatyouhave.2.完成句子①Areyou_____________________yourpresentsalary?你對你現(xiàn)在的薪水滿意嗎?②He_____________________whereheisnow.他安于現(xiàn)狀。③Wouldyoupleasemeasurethesilver_____________________acoin?請你測量一下硬幣中銀的含量，好嗎？④Inthe1980sshe_____________________tofocusonacademicresearchandserveasthemotheroftwosonsandthewifeofaBritishacademicatOxford.二十世紀(jì)八十年代，她甘愿身為英籍牛津教授的妻子，生有兩子，專注于學(xué)術(shù)研究。⑤Laugh_____________________asmuchasyoucan.Laughterhelpsreducepressureandimprovesyourimmunesystem.盡情地放聲大笑。笑可以減輕壓力，改善你的免疫系統(tǒng)。⑥由于對于目前的報(bào)酬非常滿意，那個商人準(zhǔn)備和我們保持業(yè)務(wù)往來?！敬鸢浮?.①content改為contents ②to改為with2.①contentwith ②iscontenttoremain ③contentof④wascontent ⑤toyourheart’scontent ⑥with3.★astonishvt.使驚詫，使驚訝。常見搭配：astonishsb使某人驚訝Itastonishessbthat...使某人沒想到的是……?Thenewsastonishedallofus.那個消息讓我們都非常驚訝。?Itastonishesmethathecouldbesothoughtless.我真沒料到他會如此輕率?！就卣寡由臁?.astonishedadj.驚訝的，吃驚的beastonishedby/at對……感到驚訝beastonishedtodosth做某事很驚訝beastonishedthat…很驚訝……zx*xk2.astonishmentn.驚訝；令人驚訝的事物toone’sastonishment使某人感到驚訝的是in/withastonishment驚訝地3.astonishingadj.使人驚訝的；難以置信的astonishinglyadv.使人驚訝地；驚人地?Myparentslookedastonishedatmynews.我父母聽到我的消息后顯得十分驚訝。?Hewasastonishedtofeeltheatmosphereofpeaceandcalmonthesea.他很驚訝地感受到海上那種平和寧靜的氣氛。?Tomyastonishment,ithadcompletelydisappeared.使我驚訝的是，它已消失得無影無蹤了。單句改錯1.Iwasastonishingatthenewsthatover20peoplehadbeenkilledinthecoalmineaccidentinHeilongjiang.2.Tomyastonish,Ifoundthemlivinginatent.【答案】1.astonishing改為astonished 2.astonish改為astonishment4.★badlyoff窮的，缺少的。?Theschoolisratherbadlyoffforequipment.學(xué)校設(shè)備相當(dāng)缺乏。【拓展延伸】beworseoff境況更糟糕bewelloff境況好；富裕bebetteroff境況較好gofrombadtoworse越來越壞；每況愈下worseandworse越來越糟；每況愈下tomakemattersevenworse更糟糕的是【巧學(xué)妙記】Heisbetteroffthantenyearsago；atthattime,hewasbadlyoff,andtomakemattersworse/what’sworse,helosthisjob.他現(xiàn)在比十年前好多了；那時他很窮，更糟糕的是，他失業(yè)了。1.Infact,mostpeopleinthatareaare____________thantheywerefiveyearsagobecauseofyearsofwars.A.pooreroff B.worseoffC.betteroff D.richeroff2.完成句子①IhavegotabigroomsoI’mnottoo____________.我有一間很大的屋子，所以住得還不壞。②Hisfamilyisnot____________.他家境不太富裕。③We_______________forstoragespaceinthenewoffices.我們的新辦公室里有很多貯藏東西的地方。④She______________forfriends.她缺少朋友。⑤Iwenttohishomeandfoundhislivingconditionswere____________thanmine.我去他家一看，發(fā)現(xiàn)他的居住條件比我的更差。【答案】1.B【解析】worseoff比擬貧窮，更加貧窮。句意：事實(shí)上，因?yàn)閼?zhàn)爭，在這個地區(qū)大局部的人比五年前還窮。應(yīng)選B。2.①badlyoff ②welloff ③werewelloff④isbadlyoff ⑤worseoff5.★entertainvt.vi.使歡樂；款待。常見搭配：entertainsbtosth宴客；款待某人(尤指在自己家中)entertainsbwithsth/bydoingsth用某物/通過做某事使某人歡樂?CouldyouentertainthechildrenforanhourwhileIammakingsupper?我做晚飯時，你能哄孩子們玩一個小時嗎？?Heentertaineduswithastreamofanecdotes.他講了一連串的趣事逗我們開心。?Amuseumshouldaimtoentertainaswellaseducate.博物館應(yīng)該致力于寓教于樂。

【拓展延伸】(1)entertainingadj.使人愉快的；有趣的amostentertainingguest很幽默的客人(2)entertainmentn.娛樂；款待(3)entertainern.(娛樂節(jié)目的)表演者；藝人【巧學(xué)妙記】Duringtheshow,theclownentertainedthechildrenwithallkindsoftricksandtheywereallentertainedbyhisfunnyacts.AfterthatIentertainedthesechildrentodinner.Thewholeactivitywasentertaining.在演出中，小丑以各種戲法逗孩子們樂，他的滑稽表演讓他們很開心。演出結(jié)束后我請孩子們?nèi)コ燥垺Ｕ麄€活動都非常有趣。1.單句語法填空①Atthelastcelebration,sheaswellasherfriends________________(entertain)withallkindsofdeliciousfood.②Thenitbecomesan________________(entertain)centre,allowingyoutowatchanyvideoanddownloadanyprogram.2.單句改錯①Hehadplannedtoentertainhisfriendswithdinner,buthewasreallysobusythenthathehimselfhadnotimetohavemeals.②Afterdinner,thenativepeoplehavebeenusedtobeentertainingwithBeijingOperaandcooltea.【答案】1.①wasentertained ②entertainment6.★pickout挑出；區(qū)分出。?Thenhepicksoutthelaceoftheshoeandeatsitasifitwerespaghetti.然后他挑出鞋帶來吃，像吃意大利面條一樣。

【拓展延伸】pickup撿起；使搭乘；學(xué)習(xí)；增加pickupon熟悉pickoneselfup(跌倒后)爬起來pickoff摘下來【易混辨析】1.pickout意為＂挑選＂時，常常表示按照個人的喜好或要求進(jìn)行選擇。多用于有形的東西，指精心仔細(xì)地挑選。?Pickoutthestampsyoulikebest,please.請?zhí)舫瞿阕钕矚g的郵票。2.choose意為＂選擇，挑選＂，多指以個人好惡為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，側(cè)重于根據(jù)自己的主觀印象作出判斷。表示從兩者中選一個時，必須用choose。?Ileaveittoyoutochoosebetweenthetwomethods.我任你在這兩種方法之間作出選擇。3.select意為＂選擇，挑選＂，強(qiáng)調(diào)在比擬廣泛的范圍內(nèi)，從很多對象中經(jīng)過斟酌、考慮，挑選出最適宜、最滿意的；強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀的優(yōu)勢。?Thefinestproductswereselectedandsenttotheexhibition.最好的產(chǎn)品被選出來并送到展覽會上。1.用適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~填空①Thegardenerpicked______________thedeadflowersfromthetrees.②It’seasytopickhim______________inacrowdbecauseheisverytall.③Ipicked______________quitealotofJapanesewordsduringmysix-monthstayinJapan.2.單句語法填空①She_____________(pick)outfromdozensofapplicantsforthejobamonthago.②Heiscarefultopick_____________somenewtiestogiveasChristmaspresentstohisfriends.【答案】1.①off ②out ③up合語境。7.★cutoff切斷；斷絕。?Charliecutsofftheleathertopoftheshoeandsharestheshoewiththeotherfellow.查理把皮鞋上面的局部切下來，和同伴分享這只鞋?！就卣寡由臁縞utaway切掉，剪掉；逃走，跑開cutdown砍倒；削減，縮短；消滅，破壞cutin插嘴；突然插入cutintohalves/pieces切成兩半/切碎cutout停止；刪掉；裁剪，剪下cutup切碎；使喪氣，使痛心【巧學(xué)妙記】單句改錯1.Theelectricitywascutofforseveraldaysbecauseoftheearthquake.2.It’simpoliteforustocutawaywhenothersaretalking.3.Accordingtothereport,atreeafteranotherisbeingcutupandmanyspeciesaredyingoutintheprimitiverainforest.【答案】表示樹被砍倒，用cutdown。cutup切碎。8.★convincevt.使信服。常見用法：convincesb使某人相信；說服某人convincesbofsth使某人相信某事convincesbtodosth說服/勸說某人做某事convinceoneselfofsth/that確信；弄明白convincesbthat...使某人相信……?Canyouconvincemyfather?你能說服我父親嗎？?Hehastoconvincemeofhisabilitytodothisjob.他必須說服我他有勝任這份工作的能力。?Weconvincedhimtogobytrainratherthanplane.我們說服了他坐火車去，不要搭飛機(jī)去?！就卣寡由臁縞onvincingadj.令人信服的convincedadj.堅(jiān)決不移的beconvincedofsth/that確信某事/確信……語法填空1.Noonehascomeupwitha_____________(convince)explanationofwhythedinosaursdiedout.2.______________(convince)ofhishonestyanddetermination,thedirectorofourcompanydecidedtoinvestinhisnewcompany.3.Yourexcuseistooweaktoconvinceme______________yourinnocence.4.I’dconvinced______________(I)thatIwasright.5.Ihavebeentryingtoconvincehim______________(see)adoctor.

【答案】1.convinced 2.Convinced 3.of4.myself 5.tosee9.★direct(1)vt.vi.導(dǎo)演；指示；指揮。常見用法：direct…at/towardssb/sth把……指向某人/事directsbtoaplace指引某人到某處directsbtodosth指示/命令某人做某事 direct(that)sb/sth(should)do/bedone指示/命令某人做/某事被做?CharlieChaplinwrote,directedandproducedthefilmshestarredin.查理·卓別林自編、自導(dǎo)、自制他主演的電影。?Canyoudirectmetothestation？你能告訴我到車站怎么走嗎？?Theownerdirectedthatthefactorybeclosed.廠長下令關(guān)廠。(2)adj.直的，直接的；率直的，恰好的；完全的。adirectflight/train直飛航班/直達(dá)列車adirectresult/link/connection直接的結(jié)果/關(guān)系/聯(lián)系adirectperson/manner/answer直性子的人/坦率的態(tài)度/直截了當(dāng)?shù)拇饛?fù)?Yourreplytodayisindirectcontradictiontowhatyousaidlastweek.你今天的答復(fù)跟你上星期說的恰好相反?！疽谆毂嫖觥縟irect/directly二者都能作副詞，其區(qū)別是：1.direct表示具體的路徑，指＂中途不停地，徑直地＂。?Thetraingoestheredirect.這趟列車直達(dá)那里。2.directly表示抽象意義，指做某事＂直接地，不拐彎抹角地＂。?Thenewlawwon’tdirectlyaffectus.新的法律不會直接影響到我們。?Shespeaksverydirectlytopeople.她和人說話非常直率。1.單句語法填空①Theirthoughtandactionhaveplayedagreatrolein_________(direct)humaneventstorightvalues.②WithJack__________(direct)me,Ihadnodifficultyinfindingthemanager’shouse.2.單句改錯OuruniversitywasfoundedinOctober1951andisakeyinstitutionofhigherlearningdirectundertheMinistryofEducation.3.完成句子①Sheprefersto__________________ratherthan_________________.她寧愿當(dāng)演員，不愿當(dāng)導(dǎo)演。②Thepoliceofficershad__________________searchthebuilding.警察奉命搜查這棟大樓。③Thejudge___________________thatthemotherbegivencustodyofthechild.法官判決這孩子由母親照管?！敬鸢浮坑酶痹~作狀語，故用directly(直接地)。3.①act;direct ②beendirectedto ③directed10.★particularadj.特別的；特殊的；挑剔的，吹毛求疵的。常見用法：beparticularabout/oversth對……挑剔/講究inparticular(=particularly)尤其；特別?Isthereanyparticularcolouryouwouldprefer?你有什么特別喜歡的顏色嗎？?Heisveryparticularaboutfood.他對食物很挑剔。?Thewholemealwasgoodbutthewineinparticularwasexcellent.整頓飯都很好，尤其是葡萄酒更好。

【拓展延伸】particularlyadv.尤其；特別地；特殊地?Childrenparticularlywouldburstintolaughterathisbehaviour.尤其是孩子們看到他的行為會大笑不止。【易混辨析】especially/specially/particularlyespecially指某事超乎一般的重要，強(qiáng)調(diào)＂超過其他＂；常用于一些強(qiáng)調(diào)需要特別注意或特別對待的場合，含有比照的意味。specially多指為了某一特定目的而專門做某事。particularly表示＂特別地，尤其地＂，可以與especially互換，但particularly還可作＂詳細(xì)地，細(xì)致地＂講，側(cè)重指從同類中把特例選出，強(qiáng)調(diào)在某一方面表現(xiàn)尤為突出。1.單句語法填空①Ifyoureallywantsomething______________particular,keeptakingactionandrefusethealternativesuntilyougetit!②______________(particular)aboutfoodlefthiminlackofnutritionandhewasweakerandweaker.③Weare____________(particular)gratefultohimforhistimelyhelp.2.OnSundays,manyparentsgototheschool___________toseetheirchildren.A.especially B.specially C.particularly D.inparticular【答案】2.B【解析】especially尤其；specially專門地；particularly特別地；inparticular尤其。句意：在星期天，許多父母專門去學(xué)校看孩子。應(yīng)選B。11.★amusevt.使發(fā)笑；使愉快。常見用法：amuseoneselfwith以……自娛?Myfunnydrawingsamusedthechildren.我那滑稽的圖畫把孩子們給逗樂了。?Weamusedourselveswiththecatwhilewewaited.我們在等待時以逗貓為樂?！就卣寡由臁?.amusedadj.愉快的，開心的；被逗樂的beamusedat/by以……為樂keepsbamused使某人快樂2.amusementn.娛樂，消遣，娛樂活動toone’samusement讓某人感到好笑的是3.amusingadj.有趣的?Everyonewasamusedat/bythestoryaboutthedog.大家都被那只狗的故事逗笑了。?Tomyamusement,hesangafunnysong.令我感到好笑的是，他唱了一首滑稽的歌。?Helikestosurroundhimselfwithamusingpeople.他喜歡與有趣的人為伍。用括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Thechildrenamused____________(they)byplayinghide-and-seekgames.2.Thechildren____________(amuse)atthestoryteller’sjokesthatday.

3.Tomygreat____________(amuse),hisfalsebeardfelloff.【答案】1.themselves 2.wereamused 3.amusement12.★whisper(1)vi.低語；小聲說。常見搭配：whispertosb對某人耳語whisperaboutsth/sb小聲議論某事/人whispersthtosb低聲告訴某人某事whispersthinone’sears跟某人耳語某事It’swhisperedthat...私下說……?Hewhisperedawarningtomeandthendisappeared.他低聲警告了我一聲，然后就不見了蹤影。?It’swhisperedthathemayresign.有人私下說他可能要辭職。(2)n.耳語；低語。常見搭配：inawhisper/whispers低聲說；小聲地說?Thetwomenbegantalkinginwhispers.那兩個人開始低聲交談。Thetwowomen_____________soIcouldn’theartheirwordsclearly.A.whispered B.shouted C.roared D.swallowed【答案】A【解析】考查動詞。whisper耳語；shout大叫；roar怒吼；swallow吞咽。句意：那兩個婦女低聲說話，因此我聽不清她們的話，應(yīng)選A。13.★reactvi.作出反響；回應(yīng)。常見用法：reacttosb/sth對……做出回應(yīng)reactwithsth與……起化學(xué)反響reactagainstsb/sth反對，對抗某人/事?Shereactedtotheinsultbyturningherbackonhim.對于他的侮辱，她不予理睬。

?Childrensometimesreactagainstthethingtheirparentsbelievein.孩子們有時反對他們的父母相信的事。

【拓展延伸】reactionn.反響，回應(yīng)reactiveadj.反響的，回應(yīng)的；能起化學(xué)反響的reactivityn.反響性reactorn.反響器，核反響堆1.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空①Thepatientreactedbadly___________thedrug.②Ironreacts___________waterandairtoproducerust(鐵銹).2.Howdidhe____________youranswer?A.reactto B.refertoC.leadto D.objectto【解析】1.①to ②with2.A【解析】考查動詞短語。reactto對……作出反響；referto提及，查閱，涉及；leadto導(dǎo)致；objectto反對。句意：他對你的答復(fù)是怎樣反響的？應(yīng)選A。14.★occasionn.時刻，時節(jié)；大事；節(jié)日；場合。常見用法：onoccasion偶爾，有時ontheoccasionof在……時候onthis/thatoccasion在這個/那個時候onnooccasion絕不，不會?Itisanoccasionforallthefamilytocelebrate.這是個值得舉家慶祝的時刻。?Whatwilltheysaywhentheymeetonaformaloccasion?在正式場合見面的時候，他們會說什么？【溫馨提示】1.onnooccasion位于句首，句子要用局部倒裝。2.occasion作先行詞，其后跟定語從句時，如果引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作狀語表示時刻，那么應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when；表示場合時，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where。【拓展延伸】occasionaladj.偶爾的occasionallyadv.偶爾地1.單句語法填空①Icallonmyparentsoccasion.②We(occasion)meetforadrinkafterwork.③Icanrememberveryfewoccasionshehadtoaskforleavebecauseofillhealth.④It’sahappyoccasionpeoplefeastontastymooncakes.2.同義句改寫Youshouldonnooccasiondosuchathinglikethat.(改為倒裝句)_____________________________________________________________________________________【答案】1.①on②occasionally③when④where2.Onnooccasionshouldyoudosuchathinglikethat.1.★as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句AsVictorHugooncesaid,＂Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthehumanface＂,anduptonownobodyhasbeenabletodothisbetterthanCharlieChaplin.維克多·雨果曾經(jīng)說過＂笑容如陽光，驅(qū)走人們臉上的冬天＂，關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)，直到今天也沒有人能比查理·卓別林做得更好。(教材P18)本句中as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，as在從句中作動詞said的賓語，指代后面的內(nèi)容：Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthehumanface。【語法重點(diǎn)】as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時，as指代整個主句的內(nèi)容，但不同于which的是，它引導(dǎo)的定語從句既可以位于主句的前面，也可以位于主句的后面。as的意思是＂正如＂，在這些從句中as作主語或賓語。經(jīng)常使用的短語有：asweallknow,as(it)seemslikely,as(it)oftenhappens,as(it)wasprintedout,as(it)wassaidearlier,asIremember(it),asIunderstand(it),as(it)appears,asisknown,asissaid,asisreported,asannounced,aswehadexpected,aseverybodycansee,asismentionedabove等。?Asweallknow,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.眾所周知，中國是一個開展中國家。(在句首只能使用as)?Aswasexpected,hefailedintheexam.正如所料，他考試不及格。?Asanybodycansee,theyweretellingalie.正如所有人所見，他們在撒謊。?Asisoftenthecase,mymotherhasthefinalsayintheargument.通常情況下，我媽媽對爭議進(jìn)行最終決策?！疽谆毂嫖觥縜s與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：1.as引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句前、中、后，但which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能位于主句后。?David,asyouknow,isaphotographer.戴維是個攝影師，你是知道的。(不可用which)2.as在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語通常要有be動詞或別的系動詞，但which不受此限制。3.as引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能表示一個眾所周知或意料之中的事，但which不受此限制。?Hemarriedher,whichwasunexpected.他和她結(jié)婚了，這真是出人意料。(不可用as)用as或which填空1.________________isknowntoall,fishcan’tlivewithoutwater.2.Hesawthegirl,________________delightedhim.【答案】1.As 2.which2.★asif引導(dǎo)狀語從句Hetriescuttingandchewingthebottomoftheshoeasifitwerethefineststeak.他把皮鞋鞋底切開嚼著吃，就像吃一塊最好的牛排。(教材P18)asif的用法：1.asif引導(dǎo)表語從句時，所表示的情況是事實(shí)或具有很大可能性。通常用陳述語氣，句子的謂語動詞主要有l(wèi)ook,seem,taste,smell,sound,feel等。?Itlooksasiftheyhavesucceededintheexperiment.看來好似他們試驗(yàn)成功了。?Theladyfeltasifshelostsomething.這位女士好似丟了什么東西。2.asif引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句時，所表示的情況不是事實(shí)，而是主觀想象或夸大性的比喻。從句通常用虛擬語氣，具體來說：(1)當(dāng)從句表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，謂語用一般過去時，be動詞常用were；(2)當(dāng)從句表示對過去情況的虛擬，謂語用過去完成時；(3)當(dāng)從句表示對將來情況的虛擬，謂語用＂would/could/might+動詞原形＂。?Theyoungmanwithlonghairlooksasifhewereagirl.這位滿頭長發(fā)的男青年看上去像個女的。?Hetalkedasifhehadknownher.他說起話來像他早就認(rèn)識她似的。3.asif后可接v-ing或不定式。?Fromtimetotimeheturnedroundasifsearchingforsomeone.他不時地轉(zhuǎn)身，好似在找人一樣。?Hepaused,asiftoletthempayattention.他停了下來，好似想讓他們注意到自己。單句改錯1.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksevenifitwerebroken.2.Themanlookedasifhehasbeenill.【答案】v-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語總述：v-ing形式由＂動詞原形+-ing＂構(gòu)成，可分為動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞，不能單獨(dú)作謂語。1.動名詞在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語等。?Travelingalotcanbeuseful.多旅行大有益處。(作主語)?Sheenjoysreadingromance.她喜歡讀傳奇小說。(作賓語)?Themostfunnypartisplayingroles.最有趣的局部是扮演角色。(作表語)?Remembertobringasleepingbagforthecamping.記得帶一個野營用的睡袋。(作定語)2.現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語等。?Thesituationisveryencouraging.形勢非常鼓舞人心。(作表語)?Don’twakeupthesleepinggirl.不要叫醒那個熟睡的女孩。(作定語)?Weheardgrandpacoughinglastnight.我們昨晚聽到爺爺咳嗽了。(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)【特別提醒】1.動名詞作定語時，表示它所修飾的名詞的性能和用途，和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上沒有主動關(guān)系。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，表示它所修飾的名詞正在進(jìn)行的動作，和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主動關(guān)系。?awaitingroom=aroomforwaiting候車室(動名詞作定語)?awaitingman=amanwhoiswaiting一個等待的男人(現(xiàn)在分詞作定語)2.動名詞作表語時，其與主語通常是對等的關(guān)系，表示主語的內(nèi)容，主語、表語可互換位置?，F(xiàn)在分詞作表語多表示主語的特征。分述：一、v-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語1.v-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示一個正在進(jìn)行的主動動作或一種狀態(tài)，作賓語補(bǔ)足語的v-ing形式與其前的賓語存在邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。?Whenwereturnedtothedormitory,wefoundastrangerstandinginit.當(dāng)我們回到宿舍時，發(fā)現(xiàn)里面站著一個陌生人。?Ifoundabaglyingontheground.我發(fā)現(xiàn)一個包在地上放著。?Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.這位老板讓工人們干了整整一夜。2.當(dāng)句子轉(zhuǎn)換為被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，原來作賓語補(bǔ)足語的v-ing形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語補(bǔ)足語。?Theyfoundtheresultverysatisfying.=Theresultwasfoundverysatisfying.?Theyheardhimsinginginthenextroom.=Hewasheardsinginginthenextroom.3.能用v-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞：(1)表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞，即＂感官動詞＂，常見的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等。?Iseehimstealingmoneyfromthewoman.我看到他在偷一位婦女的錢。?Ifeltsomebodystandingbehindme.我感覺到有人站有我背后。(2)表示＂叫、讓、使＂等指使意義的動詞，即＂使役動詞＂，常見的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。?Iwon’thaveyoudoingthat.我不能容忍你那么做。?I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.很抱歉，讓你久等了。4.v-ing形式也可用在have,get,leave,keep,set,catch等表示＂致使＂的動詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。?Theyshouldnotleaveuswonderingwhattheywilldonext.他們應(yīng)該讓我們知道他們下一步要做什么。?Iwon’thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。?Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.我們讓火燒了一晚上。5.v-ing形式和不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別：在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感官動詞后，既可用v-ing形式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，也可用不帶to的不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，兩者之間有一定的區(qū)別。用v-ing形式時，表示動作正在進(jìn)行；用不帶to的不定式時，表示動作發(fā)生了，即