園林樹木學被子植物門3

海桐科Pittosporaceae

海桐PittosporumtobiraShruborsmalltree;leavesobovate,thickandleathery,marginsrevolute;flowerswhitetolemon-yellow,fragrant,to1/2inchlong,inmany-floweredumbellateclusters;capsule3-valved,globose,tomentose.海桐科Pittosporaceae

海桐P.tobira常綠灌木或小喬木，高2—6m，樹冠圓球形.葉革質(zhì)，互生，倒卵形、橢圓形，緣反卷，全緣，無毛。表面深綠而有光澤，頂生傘房花序，花白色或黃綠色，蒴果，種子鮮紅色?；ㄆ?月。南方樹種,耐蔭性很強，喜光。對土壤要求不嚴格，抗海潮風，抗有毒氣體，耐修剪。播種，扦插都行。

枝葉繁茂，園球形，觀葉樹種，蒴果開裂露出紅色種子。還可做房屋基礎種植及綠籬材料。孤植，叢植于草坪、道邊、林緣,對植于門旁，列植，路邊也很合適。懸鈴木科Platanaceae

Platanaceaeisafamilyoffloweringplants.Thefamilyhasonlyonegenusplatanus.Thisgenushassixtosevenspeciesoftalltrees.ThetreesgrownaturallyintemperateandsubtropicalregionsoftheNorthernHemisphere.Inallspecies,theflowersgrowindensegroupsofsmallflowers.Thefruitsaresmallacheneswithhairsnearthebase.本科一屬，約6—7種，中國3種。落葉喬木，樹干皮呈片狀剝落；單葉互生，柄下芽；頭狀花序，下垂，聚合果呈球形。法桐(三球懸鈴木)球果3—6個一串,有刺毛,葉5—7裂深至中部或更深,花期4—5月。美桐(一球懸鈴木)球果常單生,無刺毛,葉3—5淺裂,中部裂片的寬度大于長度。英桐(二球懸鈴木)前兩種的雜交種,球果常2個一串,亦偶爾有單生的,葉3—5裂,中部裂片的長度與寬度近于相等,本種為中國栽培的多。

無球果品種少毛品種習性:陽性樹種，喜溫暖的氣候，有一定的耐寒能力，北至北京可整地栽培。對土壤的適應能力極強，耐干旱，耐水濕,萌芽能力強、耐修剪，很耐重剪，抗煙強，對SO2、CI2等有毒氣體有較強的抗性，英桐抗性最強，根系淺，怕臺風。繁殖:播種法和扦插法都容易。扦插有一個假活現(xiàn)象，扦插后生長一節(jié)后，葉子下垂，而根未生長。

觀賞特性及園林用途:樹型雄偉端正，葉大蔭濃，樹冠廣闊，干皮光潔，繁殖容易抗性強,有“行道樹之王”的美稱。但在應用時應注意其幼葉上有大量星狀毛，吸入呼吸道易得肺炎，故勿種植在幼兒園等地。小檗屬BerberisThegenusischaracterisedbydimorphicshoots,withlongshootswhichformthestructureoftheplant,andshortshootsonly1-2mmlong.Theleavesonlongshootsarenon-photosynthetic,developedintothree-spinedthorns3-30mmlong;thebudintheaxil葉腋ofeachthorn-leafthendevelopsashortshootwithseveralnormal,photosyntheticleaves.Theseleavesare1-10cmlong,simple,andeitherentire,orwithspinymargins.Onlyonyoungseedlingsdoleavesdeveloponthelongshoots,withtheadultfoliagestyledevelopingaftertheyoungplantis1-2yearsold。Theflowersareproducedsinglyorinracemesofupto20onasingleflower-head.Theyareyellowororangewithsixsepalsandsixpetalsinalternatingwhorlsofthree,thesepalsusuallycolouredlikethepetals.Thefruitisasmallberry,ripeningredordarkblue,oftenwithapinkorvioletwaxysurfacebloom;theymaybeeitherlongandnarrow(likeabar,hence'barberry')orinotherspecies,spherical.Theberriesareedible,andrichinvitaminC小檗科Berberidaceae灌木或多年生草本，葉多互生，花兩性整齊，花萼花瓣相似，2—多輪，1輪3枚，漿果或蒴果。枝常具枝刺，刺針狀分叉，有長短枝，長枝（幼枝）互生，短枝簇生，花黃色，漿果紅黑。約500種，中國約200種，多分布西部及西南部，各種根莖皮中含有小檗堿，可制黃連素，多數(shù)種可供庭園觀賞。小檗（日本小檗）Berberisthunbergii葉全緣，花1—5朵成簇生狀，傘形花序，葉小匙形，0.5—2cm，果熟亮紅，變型紫葉小檗，常開紫紅色和綠色。草地配植效果好。天安門前有紫葉小檗.矮紫葉小檗，30cm以下。小檗屬阿穆爾小檗Berberisamurensis

刺分3叉，葉邊緣有齒,葉緣有刺毛狀細鋸齒，葉5—10cm。花瓣先端微凹，花序10—25朵排下垂，總狀花序。果熟亮紅。刺檗B.vulgris

小枝較粗，有溝槽，幼時黃色或黃紅色，次年變灰色，刺3叉，葉緣刺狀鋸齒，花黃色花瓣先端不凹，果紅色或紫，味酸。紫葉刺檗常年深紫色。

迪氏小檗迪氏小檗金花小檗十大功勞屬MahoniaMahoniatypicallyhavelarge,pinnateleaves10-50cmlongwith5-15leaflets,andflowersinracemes(5-20cmlong).Leavesarealternatelyarranged.常綠灌木，奇數(shù)羽狀復葉，互生，葉小，緣具刺齒,花黃色，總狀花序數(shù)條簇生，萼片9，3輪，花瓣6，2輪，雄蕊6。漿果暗紫色，被白毛。100種，中國40種。十大功勞Mahoniafortunei十大功勞Mahoniafortunei

小葉5—9枚，狹披針形，緣有刺齒6—13對。闊葉十大功勞M.bealei

小葉7—15枚，卵形或卵狀橢圓形，緣有刺齒2—5對，習性耐蔭。華北盆栽。闊葉十大功勞M.bealei南天竹NandinadomensticaItisanerectshrubgrowingto2mtall,withnumerous,usuallyunbranchedstemsgrowingfromtheroots.Theleavesareevergreen(sometimesdeciduousincolderareas),50-100cmlong,bi-totri-pinnatelycompound,withtheindividualleaflets.Theyoungleavesinspringarebrightlycolouredpinktoredbeforeturninggreen;oldleavesturnredorpurpleagainbeforefalling.Theflowersarewhite,borneinearlysummerinconicalclustersheldwellabovethefoliage.Thefruitisabrightredberry5-10mmdiameter,ripeninginlateautumnandoftenpersistingthroughthewinter南天竹Nandina常綠灌木，2—3回羽狀復葉，互生，中軸有關節(jié)，小葉全緣，花小而白色，成頂生圓錐花序，花期5—7月，漿果球形，鮮紅色。變種白果、紫果南天竹。習性：喜半蔭，最好上午見光，中午和下午要庇蔭，強光下也能生長，葉發(fā)紅。觀賞及用途：莖干叢生，枝葉扶疏，秋冬葉色變紅，果實紅色，經(jīng)冬不落，觀果，墻角，園路轉角，常與山石搭配。謝謝觀看/歡迎下載BYFAITHIMEANAVISIONOFGOODONECHERISHESANDTHEENTHUSIASMTHATPUSHESONETOSEEKITSFULFILLMENTREGARDLESSOFOBSTACLES.BYFAITHIBYFAITH內(nèi)容總結海桐科Pittosporaceae。lemon-