on-becoming-a-better-student成為更好的學(xué)生

Unit9

OnBecomingaBetterStudentPre-readingquestion

Areyouagoodstudent?whatdoyouthinkarethepersonalitytraitsofafinestudent?StructureAnalysisIntroductorypart:whatthewriterexpectsfromherstudents—learnhowtolearnbythemselvesMainbody:thequalitiesgoodstudentshaveLastpart:moretipsfortheaspiringstudentTextComprehensivequestions1.Whatdostudentsexpectfromtheirteachers?Enthusiastic,reliable,andknowledgeable2.Whydoesthewritermentionthestudents’expectationsfortheirteacherfirst?(1).Learningisnotagive-and-takeprocess.(2).Schooleducationisthecultivationoftheabilitytolearnthroughtheirownobservationandinvestigation.(3).Thisleadstothefollowingdiscussion.3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“itisreallynotpossibletoteach”(paragraph2)?

anindicationofashiftofherattentionfromteachingtolearning.

A.students:playamoreactiveroleinthelearningprocess,gettingfullyinvolvedinconstructingknowledgemeaningfultothemselvesandpracticingtheirskills.B.Teachers:playasupportiverolehelpingstudentsarriveattheirownconclusionsinsteadofimposingtheirownviewsuponstudentsorinstillingtheso-calledknowledgeinstudents’smind.Languagepoints1．Partake(oftenhumorous)toeatordrink，especiallysomethingofferedE.g.Wouldyoupartakeofaglassofsherry?Theyinvitedustopartakeoftheirsimplemeal.Inthepassage．“partake”isfigurativelyusedtomean“todrawonorriseasonewishes(theteachers’repositoriesofskillandknowledge)．”

2．Atwill(formal)asonewishesYoucanusemycaratwill(=anytimeyouwantto)．Theanimalsareallowedtowanderatwillinthepark.Cf．withawill:energetically；witheagerinterestE.g.Theyworkedwithawillandhadclearedapathby9:00a.m.．Shestarteddiggingthegardenwithawill.3.tofeelweighted:tofeeldepressedandanxious4.“Allthewordsandtheories…topractice.”“all…not”structureisofpartialnegation.Notallthewords,theories,andtechniquesareusefulforstudentswhoarenotreadytoacceptwhatistaughtbytheteacherandpracticeitwillingly.Whatisan”investigativespirit”?ASpiritthatspursstudentstoinvestigatetheknownandexploretheunknown.Thestudentsshouldmakeobservationsandthinkfromdifferentperspectivesandreachtheirownconclusions.ComprehensivequestionsNobelPrize—winningphysicianAlbertSzent—Gyorgyiputitwellwhenhesaid．．．Put:tosay；toexpressinwordsE.g.Shewantedtotellherparentsthatshewasplanningtoliveonherown，butshedidn'tknowhowtoputit.Sheis—howshallIputit/--notexactlyfat,butratherwell-built.Languagepoints1.Howimportantisdisciplineforstudies?Itisdisciplinethatgivessubstancetolearning.Thereisnoshortcutinlearning;itisonlywithpersistenceanddisciplinethatonecanreachtheveryendandsavorthefullflavorofhard-wonsuccess.2.Accordingtothewriter,whatshouldstudymean?Notaimatachievements.Aninfiniteprocessthatgoesonthroughoutone’slife.ComprehensivequestionsWhatisyoga?Yoga,AHindudisciplineaimedattrainingtheconsciousnessforastateofperfectspiritualinsightandtranquility.Ingeneral,itisaspiritualpracticeordisciplinethathelpstheindividualunifyhis/herbody,mind,andheart.

Asystemofexercisespracticedaspartofthisdisciplinetopromotecontrolofthebodyandmind.

T’aiChi

Tai(太)means“grand”andChi

（極）means“ultimate”inChinese.AccordingtoancientChinesephilosophers,thewordtaichidescribedthegrandandultimatestatethatexistedbeforethecreationofheavenandearth.Theybelievedthatthisenergywascomposedoftwooppositeparts.Thepositiveoryang(陽）form,andnegativeortheyin（陰）form.Itwasthisenergythatcreatedandgovernedtheuniverse.Itwasthisenergythat’sinalllivingbeings.TheessenceofthepracticeofTaiChiistocultivateone’slifeenergyorchi(氣)sothatthepractitionercanbecomeabetterandstrongerlivingbeing.Onewhoisatpeacewithhimselfandliveinharmonywithotherandnature.Thewayordao(道)ofTaiChiispeace.

discipline(1)training,especiallyofthemindandcharacter,aimedatproducingself-control,obedience,etc．E.g.Anydiscipline—butespeciallythosewithgreatsubtletyandcomplexity,likeyogaorT’aichi—canbealifelongpursuit．(2)thequalityofbeingabletobehaveinastrictlycontrolledwaywhichinvolvesobeyingparticularrulesorstandardsE.g.Thetest—takersshowedperfectdisciplineduringtheexamination.Languagepoints(3)abranchofknowledge,asubjectofstudyE.g.Ifwecanlookatourchosendisciplineorcraftasanongoingprocessratherthanasadiscreteaccomplishment，thepotentialforlearningcanbeinfinite．Iamworkingforpeoplefromawiderangeofscientificdisciplines.Withoutthese,ourlearningisbutfrothwithoutsubstance.But(informal)onlyE.g.Sheisbutabeginner.Onecannotbutdosomething.=onecanonlydosomething.IcouldnotbutadmitthatyouwererightandIwaswrong.Comparediscrete

withdiscreet.Thetwowordsarefrequentlyconfusedduetotheirsimilarityinpronunciationandspelling.Thesesmallcompaniesnowhavetheirowndiscrete(=independent,separate)identity.Wemustbeextremelydiscreet(=carefulinwhatwedoandsay);thepolicesuspectsomething.ComprehensivequestionsWhydoesthewritersaythatacreativepersonusesthe“failure”asasteppingstone?Exploringspiritshouldbeencouraged.Failurewillteachustheunknownandleadtotheotherpossiblesolutions.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Liveupto:tobehaveinaccordancewith(whatisexpected);toachieveorkeep(highstandards)Didtheconcertliveuptoyourexpectations?(wasitasgoodasyouhadexpected?)Youdisappointedusbyfailingtoliveuptoyourprinciples.Approachn.wayofdealingwithathingorpersone.g.anewapproachtoforeignlanguageteachingKellyisalwaysverylogicalinherapproach(=thewayshedealswiththings)

v.tobegintoconsiderordealwithTherearequiteafewwaysofapproachingtheproblem.ImusttellherthatIcan’tgotoherweddingceremony,butIdon’tquiteknowhowtoapproachthesubject.LanguagepointsPrecedencetheconditionofbeingdealtwithbeforeotherthingsorofbeingconsideredmoreimportantthanotherthingsBusinesspeopleoftenthinkthatfluencyandcommunicationtake／haveprecedenceovergrammarwhenspeaking．Let’sdealwiththequestioninorderofprecedence(=theimportantonesfirst).Relatedwordsare：precedev.precedentn.precedented&unprecedented

Precede:tocomeorgobeforesomethingintime,order,rank,etc.E.g.BillClintonprecededGeorgeW.BushasPresidentoftheUnitedStates.Precedent:earlierdecision,case，event,etc.thatisregardedasanexampleorruleforwhatcomeslater先例

tocreate／establish／set／serveasaprecedentforsomethingTheQueenhasbrokenwithprecedentbysendingherchildrentoordinaryschools.

Precedented:havingorsupposedbyaprecedentItwasadecisionnotprecedentedinEnglishlaw

Unprecedented:withoutprecedent；neverhavinghappened，beendoneorbeenknownbeforeasituationunprecedentedinthehistoryofthetownThetwentiethcenturywitnessedenvironmentaldestructiononallunprecedentedscale.Howdoyouunderstandthestatementthat“Tolearn…istoopenoneself”(paragraph8)?Itmeansonehastodrophispriorknowledgesoastoabsorbnewknowledge.Ifherefusestodoso,theoldknowledgemayhindertheassimilationofnewknowledge/framework.Italsoimpliesthatoneshouldlearntoappreciateconstructivecriticism,forifheconstantlyfailstotakecriticism,hecanneverknowwherehisweaknessliesorgrowoutofit.ComprehensivequestionsPrior:comingorplannedbeforeShewasunabletoattendthereceptionbecauseofapriorengagementPriorto:(formal)beforeThecontractwillbesignedpriortotheceremony．Thereareplentyofarrangementstomakepriortodeparture.LanguagepointsPitfall:amistakethatmayeasilybemadeTheEnglishnumbersandfiguresprovidemanypitfallsforChineselearners·Canforwardplanninghelpavoidstressfulpitfalls?Complacency:(disapproving)afeelingofcalmsatisfactionwithone’sownabilitiesorsituationthatpreventsonefromtryingharderWhatworriestheprincipleaboutthesestudentsistheircomplacency—theyseemtohavenodesiretoexpandtheirhorizons

Iseenoreasonforthegovernment’placenta.Idislikehiscomplacentattitude／smilecomplacentlyad．Idislikeitwhenhesmilescomplacently．ComprehensivequestionsWhatdoyouthinktheauthormeanbysaying“l(fā)istenwithyourwholebody”?(paragraph10)“l(fā)istenwithyourwholebody”is,inotherwords,gettingyourselffullyactivatedbothcognitivelyandphysically.Thatistosay,youhavetobeextremelyattentivetowhattheteachersaysinsteadoflettingyourmindwanderandkeepingyourbodyinert.correspondence

Theactofexchangeletters;thelettersexchangedbetweenpeople.

totake/doacorrespondencecourse(=acourseoflessonsinwhichinformationandworkareexchangedbypost)Theauthoressseldommentionsherrenownedhusbandinhercorrespondence.LanguagepointsCorrespondent1)apersonwithwhomanotherpersonexchangeslettersregularly2)anewspaperortelevisionreporter,especiallyonewhospecializesinaparticulartypeofnewsAwar/diplomatic/health/environmentcorrespondentgooutofone’sway(todosomething)Totakethetroubletodosomething;tomakeaspecialeffort,especiallyinspiteofdifficultiesShewasverykindofusandseemedtogooutofherwaytohelpus.Theywentoutoftheirwaytomakethingsdifficultfortheirrivals.Someotherverbphrasesformedwith”go”and“way”:goalongwaytowardssomething/doingsomething,goone’sownway,gosomebody’sway.goalongwaytowardssomething/doingsomethingTohelpgreatlyinachievingsomethingThegovernment’smeasureswentalongwaytowardssolvingthehousingproblemsgoone’sownwayToactindependentlyorasonechooses,especiallyagainsttheadviceofothersRedmondisaloner,whateveryousuggest,hegoeshisownway.gosomebody’sway(1)totravelinthesamedirectionassomebodyI’mgoingherwaysoIcangiveheralife.(2)(ofevents,etc.)befavorabletosomebodyWmitment1.[countable]apromisetodosomethingortobehaveinaparticularway(承諾)Areyoureadytomakealong-termcommitment?commitmenttoOurcompanyhasacommitmenttoqualityandcustomerservice.2.[uncountable]thehardworkandloyaltythatsomeonegivestoanorganization,activity,etc.（致力）ImitmenttoHercommitmenttoworkisbeyondquestion.Cumulative(alsoaccumulative)

increasingsteadilyinamountordegreebyoneadditionafteranother.Thecumulativeeffectofusingsomanychemicalsonthelandcouldbedisastrous.athandformala)likelytohappensoonRecenteconomicperformancesuggeststhatamajorcrisisisathand.b)closetoyouandavailabletobeusedDon'tworry,helpisathand!c)needingtobedealtwithnowPeterturnedhisattentiontothetaskathand.BadgerTorepeatedlytell(somebody)todosomethingorask(somebody)questionsThelittlegirlbadgeredherfatherintobuyingherapony.Thereporterswererequestedtostopbadgeringthechairmanwithquestions.Grammaticalitems(1)Notetheuseoftheitalicizedpartsinthefollowingsentences.Here,theinfinitiveclauseandthe–ingparticipleclausefunctionasthesubjectofthesentence.StudentBookP130Completethefollowingsentencesusingtheappropriateformsoftheverbsgiven1._______(be)verypoorcanmakeoneveryunhappy.2.Itiseasier_______(say)beautifulwordsthan________(do)beautifuldeeds.3.________(hear)theothersideofthestorywouldbeinteresting.Grammarexercises(1)

BeingtosaytodoHearing4.________(complete)thenovelinthreemonthswasagreatachievement.5.It’sbetter______(be)surethansorry.6.Itiseasy______(be)wiseaftertheevent.7.Itispleasant______(sit)bythefireatnightand_____(hear)thewind_____(howl)outside.Grammarexercises(2)

Tocompletetobetobetosittoheartohowl8.________(tease)animalsiscruel.9.________(play)footballishisonlypastime.10.___________(learn)torideabicycleisnotaseasyasitlooks.Grammarexercises(3)

TeasingPlayingLearningRewritetheunderlinedpartsofthefollowingsentenceswiththeinfinitive,-ingparticipleor–edparticiple.1.Willthepeoplewhoaresittingatthebackpleasemoveforward?SittingatthebackGrammarexercises(4)

2.Itisadvisablethatyoushoulddoasyouaretold.foryoutodoasyouaretold3.ShewasthefirstwomanwhoswamacrosstheChannel.ToswimacrosstheChannel4.IwasastonishedwhenIheardthathehadalreadyleftthecompany.TohearthathehadalreadyleftthecompanyGrammarexercises(5)

5.Ifyouwanttoopenthewindow,youhavetoclimbaladder.Toopenthewindow6.Heisnotamanthatwecantriflewith.Totriflewith7.Paulhadnodifficultyinfindingtheleakbecausehewasaqualifiedplumber.Beingaqualifiedplumber(,Paulhadnodifficultyinfindingtheleak.)Grammarexercises(6)

8.Thisnovelabouttheunderseawaristhebestofitskindthathaseverbeenwritten.everwritten9.Whenthejobislefttohimself,heusuallygetsitdonequickly.Lefttohimself10.Shesearchedeverywhereandhopedtofindthewill.Hopingtofindthewill(,shesearchedeverywhere)Grammarexercises(7)

Exercises(1)

Ⅰ.Explaintheitalicizedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.1.Itisnotknowinginthesenseofhavingarigidopinion,buttheabilitytolookagainatanothertime,inadifferentlight,asSzent-Gyorgyisuggests,andformanewunderstandingbasedonthatobservation.Buttheabilitytoviewagainatanothertimefromadifferentperspective.2.Withthisattitudewemayfindourselvestreatingeventhemostmundanediscoverywithwide-eyedwonderandjoy.Withimmensepleasantsurprise“Dropyourpriorknowledge…attempttograspthenewframeworkinitsowncontext.”Don’tlettheknowledgeyouhaveacquiredbeahindrancetoyourlearningofsomethingnew.Exercises(2)

3.“Childrenenterschoolasquestionmarksandleaveasperiods”,observeseducatorNeilPostman.Whenchildrencometoschool,nobodyissurehowtheywillbe,butwhentheyleaveschool,theyhavedevelopedtheiremotionalattitudetowardslifeandformedtheiroutlooktowardstheworld.Exercises(3)4.Successfulstudentsdonotexpecttobespoon-fed,buttaketheirowninitiative.Beprovidedwithreadyanswersandideas.5.Whenwetrydifferentapproachesanddothingsthathavenoprecedenceinourexperience,wewillsurelymakemistakes.DopioneeringworkExercises(4)

Hefailedtogive__________(substance)reasonsforhisbeingabsentfromthemeeting.Drivenbyverystrong_________(motivate),hehasbeenworkinghardatEnglish.Hehasbeenfully_________(commitment)totheteachingandresearchoftheclassicalmusic.substantialmotivationExercises(5)

committed4.Theclubplacesrigid________(restrictive)onitsmembership.5.Thereisa________(subtlety)differencebetween“egoism”and“individualism”.6.Acuckoobird’svoiceisso________(thrill)inwinter,asitannouncestheadventofspringtime.restrictionssubtleExercises(6)thrilling1.Hehasmadeanuisanceofhimself,forheoften___________________toteaseothers.2.Inthe“warcraft”games,ourtroops______________________numerousdefenselinesoftheenemy.Itissaidthattheentertainmentwill__________aballetentitledTheSwanLakeandasolodanceentitledTheMermaid.Exercises(7)

goesoutoftheway

havebeenbreakingthroughcommitted4.Weshouldnotonlytakeoverthelead,butalso_________it.5.I__________followinganyone’sinstructionsblindlywithoutyourunderstand-ingofthetrueintentionandrealmeaning.6.Weoughtto__________theprincipleswehavelaiddown.holdontoobjecttoExercises(8)

liveupto1.NowthatI’vefinallyhandedinmythesis,Iplantotakeiteasyforawhile.submit2.Iwouldalsoneedtoseetothematterofcostumes.takecareof

3.Themanweresoabsorbedintheirgamethattheydidn’tseeusslipaway.attentiveinExercises(9)

4.Thepoemwasdedicatedtohismother.

writteninhonorof5.Shehadtofaceuptothefactthatshewastoooldtoplaytheromanticlead.accept6.Wemustbecarefulnottogetboggeddownintriflingdetail.soinvolved

Exercises(10)TranslationexercisesTranslateeachofthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordorphrasegiveninthebracket.Inflectthewordorphrasewherenecessary.Exercises(11)

1.他的父母對(duì)他有很高的期望，他感到壓力很大。（feelweighted)Hefeltheavilyweightedwithsuchhighexpectationsfromhisparents．2他用積極的觀點(diǎn)來解釋這件事。(in…light)Heinterpretedtheincidentinafavorablelight．Exercises(12)

3.我很討厭他，因?yàn)樗?jīng)常特別喜歡誹謗他人。（gooutofone’sway)Idetesthim,forheoftengoesOutofhiswaytobackbiteothers．4.許多宗教的教義敦促人們超越塵世的成功。（mundane）

Manyreligiousteachingsurgepeopletotranscendthemundanesuccess.Exercises(13)

5.個(gè)人的主動(dòng)性是促進(jìn)事業(yè)發(fā)展的要素之一。(initiative)Personalinitiativeisoneoftheessentialelementsinpromotingyourcareer．6.我認(rèn)為對(duì)學(xué)生施以填鴨式的教育不是一個(gè)好的教學(xué)方法。（spoon-feed)Idon’tthinkitisagoodmethodofteachingtospoon—feedstudentsExercises(14)

7.我將全力以赴在下個(gè)月之前完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)，因?yàn)槲也幌胗胁蛔袷刂Z言的污名。（stigma）Iwillsparenoeffortstoaccomplishthetaskbytheendofthenextmonth．forIdon’twanttosufferfromthestigmaofhavingbrokenmypromiseExercises(15)

8.我得到了許多教育方面新政策相關(guān)的信息。（pertinent）I’vegotmuchinformationpertinenttothenewpoliciesineducation．Exercises(16)

TextⅡTheArtofAcknowledgementComprehensionquestionsofTextⅡ(1)Questions:1.whydoestheauthorsaythatwhenhubrisrises,nemesisfalls?2.WhywasDr.Jacobconsideredasthemostbrilliantandexcitingteachertheauthorhadeverexperienced?3.Whatisthemajordifferencebetweenabrightshow-offandaseriousstudent?4.Howisitdescribedwhenoneisacknowledgedbyanotherintimeofconfusion,loss,disorientationanddisheartenment?5.Whyisacknowledgementandartfrom?

ComprehensionquestionsofTextⅡ(2)

1.Whenshewassoconfident,arrogantandevenrudewithoutmuchguilt,severaldisastrouseventshappenedtoher.Threememb