GMAT語法中地固定搭配

.../bothertodosomethingHedidn'tbothertoanswerthequestion.botherdoingsomethingbotherabout/withHedidn'tbotherwithareply.indicate<tosb.>sth/that…顯示,展現(xiàn)ensure+sthensure+that<后面直接跟陳述語氣,不跟shouldbe>錯誤：ensuresb.todosth.〔prep2-227Appear：系動詞=seem動詞appeartodo/that…〔虛擬enshrinein或beenshrinedin<enshrine通常用被動語態(tài)>"銘記,珍藏,供奉"inhabitvt居住于.somewherebeinhabitedbye.g:Thewoodsareinhabitedbymanywildanimalsallege"斷言,宣稱"beallegedtodo錯誤beallegedasdoingclaimtodoclaimthat…advisesbtodosthadvisethat…錯誤搭配sbbeadvicedbysbtodo/that…sbadvicesbthat..permitsbtodosth錯誤搭配：permitsbdoingpermitthat…sbbepermittedsthaidsb/sthaidindoing/forsth<vi.>aidin/todoingsth<n.>usetodo錯誤usedoingforcesbtodosth錯誤forcesbdoingsthforcesbthat…forbidsthforbidsbtodosthforbidsbdoingsth錯誤forbidthat…persuadesbtodosth錯誤persuadethat….believethat…believesthtobe錯誤believesththat…<believe不可加雙賓>pronounce"斷言,宣布"pronouncesbsthpronouncesth/sbadj:Thevictimwaspronounceddeadonarrival.〔用法同considerprevent/prohibit/stop/keepsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事allowthat承認(rèn)allowfor考慮到,允許 allowsb.todosth.允許；allowsth.tobedone錯誤allow+sb.+動作性名詞allow+動作性名詞**注意allow表示允許時,不可加從句design的固定搭配designsthtodosthbedesignedforsb/sthbedesignedassthbedesignedwithsth錯誤designdongsthprohibit固定搭配：〔prep221prohibitsthprohibitfromdoingprohibitsbfromdoing錯誤搭配prohibitthat……；prohibitsbfromsth；prohibitsth.tobedoneannouncesthtosb或者announcetosbsth<相當(dāng)于賓語后置>announceadecision/intention/plan<在這個時候如果plan等后面接todo不會產(chǎn)生todo做狀語修飾announce的歧義>*:Thegovernmenthasannouncedplanstocreate10,000newjobs.announce<that>announcesomebody/yourself通報...的到達(dá);通知...已準(zhǔn)備好〔注意這個短語有專門意思錯誤用法：announcetodo/besth.enablesb.todosth.錯誤搭配：enablesth.tobedonebysb后面不接被動語態(tài)的動詞或動詞短語：lead;cause;enable;become;receive;visit;Lack;enter;cost;possess;resemble;last;like;enjoy;notice;watch;lookat;listento;payattentionto;suit;fit;contain;soastodo;beabletodo;belikelytodoconceive的固定搭配"設(shè)想,構(gòu)想"<cannot>conceiveof<doing>sthconceiveofsth/sbassth〔tobe×conceivethat〔不用虛擬語氣conceivewhat/why/howetcconceivesth.<suchasidea>conclude的固定搭配：<1>concludebydoingsth./concludewithsth.：以……結(jié)束,借此后面接的是結(jié)束的方式、行為e.g.Eachchapterconcludeswithashortsummary.<2>concludeto：達(dá)成……而結(jié)束ThenegotiationsdonotconcludetotheUnitedStatesgovernment'ssatisfaction,*:conclude可以做及物動詞也可以做不及物動詞presume的固定搭配,表示假設(shè)：presumethat Ipresumewe'llbetherebysixo'clock.presumesomebody/somethingtobesomebody/something<被動即sth.presumedtobe>Fromthewayhetalked,Ipresumedhimtobeyourboss.bepresumedtodosomethingThetempleispresumedtodatefromthefirstcenturyBC.Except的固定搭配：1.exceptfor<exceptprep.>:用于非同類事物,它的賓語與前述對象完全是兩回事。例如：Theroomwasverycoldand,exceptforJack,entirelyempty.2.except<vt.:指同一類事物的總體中除去一部分,強調(diào)的是除去。例如：HegetsupearlyeverydayexceptSunday.。有時except與exceptfor可以換用,例如：Exceptfor<=except>John,thewholeclasspassedthetest.全班同學(xué)除約翰外,全都通過了考試。*：1.2.在GMAT中不適用,GMAT中并不講究except與exceptfor的區(qū)別,故刪去。3.exceptthat表達(dá)的語意與except近似,只是后面要跟從句。4.exceptto/against反對e.g.excepttoastatement反對一項聲明5.but:?？膳cexcept互換,強調(diào)"不在其中"。例：EveryoneattendedthemeetingbutMary.大家都出席了這次會議,但瑪麗不在其列。6.besides:強調(diào)"除此之外,還包括"。例：ShecanspeakFrenchandJapanesebesidesEnglish.7.apartfrom:其含義主要依據(jù)上下文而定,有時可與except換用,有時可代替besides.例：Apartfromthecoat,thehatdoesn'tsuitme.除價錢太貴,這帽子也不適合我戴。8.excepting只適合用在not,only,always,orwithout后.Ex.Everyonehelped,notexceptingJohnWemustallobeythelaw,not[without]exceptingtheking.〔except只有做介詞時,后才能加加介詞,exceptingfor絕對錯Require的固定搭配：1.Requiresb./sth.todosth.<不定式可用被動形式>Requiresb.doing…錯誤2.Require<ofsb.>that+原v需要某人做某事<要求,命令>3.requiresthofsb.that+虛擬語氣省略should+do/be某物對某人做某事來說是必須的sth.berequiredsb.todoreuqireofsb.that<sth的部分由于過長,比如是個that從句,則句子倒裝>Ex.Becauseoftheenormousresearchanddevelopmentexpendituresrequiredoffirmstosurviveintheelectronicsindustry,anindustrymarkedbyrapidinnovationandvolatiledemand,suchfirmstendtobeverylarge.4.requiredoing<require主動表被動含義>：如ArequiremakingknowntoB.A需要被B知道*:錯誤表達(dá)：Requireofsb.todoRequiresb.that〔require若和that搭配,則跟sb.之間要有ofRequiresb.doing…錯誤limit的固定搭配：n.:limitonsth.;There'salimitonthetimeyouhavetotakethetest.limittodosth.There'salimittowhatwecandotohelp.limitforsb./sth.Thetimelimitformakingclaimsisthreemonths.vt.:limitsb.tosth.;limitsth.<tosth.>;belimitedtosthintend的固定搭配：〔prep2-227intend的動作發(fā)出者必須是生物。endsb/sthtodosth.Ididn'endtodo/doingsth.〔后面跟todo和ing都可以intendtha…beintendedtodosth.：被用來做某事beintendedforsomebody/something：表示書、電影、藥品等專為…而設(shè)計或制造。noun.withintenttodosth注意intent前沒有theHentofdoingadj.beintenton/upon<doing>sth：Senton/upon專注于Intentuponherwork,shedidn'entionofdoingsth.GMAT中通常不用intentiontodosth.而只用intentionofdoingsth.Expect的固定搭配：prep1-183意為"預(yù)料"時：sth.beexpectedtodo/be;指望,期望itisexpectedthat預(yù)期〔與上著一個意思,但是沒有上者簡潔<prep1-107>expecttodosth.expectsb./sth.todosth.expectthatexpectsth.意為"想要"時：expectsth.fromsb.expectsb.todosth.錯誤用法：sth.beexpectedforsth.todo<也就是說forsth.不能加>sth.beexpectedthat錯<T-4-Q31>itisexpectedforstb.todo累贅,不如直接用sth.beexpectedtodo/beexpectsb.that錯Date的固定搭配date...toNyearsago可追溯sth到...幾年,強調(diào)發(fā)生的時間點ex.TheteethandjawbonesfoundinTanzaniabyDr.MaryLeakeyanddatingto3.75millionyearsagoaretheoldestreliablydatedhumanfossils.date...atNyearsold年代判定、鑒別/年份有….年之久,強調(diào)發(fā)生到現(xiàn)在經(jīng)過的時間有多長ex.Fossilsofthearmofasloth,foundinPuertoRicoin1991,havebeendatedat34millionyearsold,makingthesloththeearliestknownmammalontheGreaterAntillesislands.dateback〔to<haveitsorigin>ex.TheAcomaandHopiareprobablythetwooldestsurvivingPueblocommunities,bothdatingbackatleastathousandyears.datefrom<toreckonfromsomepointintime>ex.Theconceptofthegrandjurydatesfromthetwelfthcentury.<感覺二者意思上區(qū)別不大>sthbecreditwith/to錯誤sthbecreditas/forsbcreditsthwith/tosthe.g.Picasso,creditedAfricanartwithhavinghadastronginfluenceonhiswork.creditsbwithsth歸功于withoutdoing錯誤withoutone’sdoingcontrast…with….see/view/regardsthas…<錯誤viewsthlike/tobe…>beresponsiblefor<doing>sthberesponsibletosb錯誤beresponsibletodosthbenecessarytodo錯誤benecessaryfor/indoinginvestmoneyinsth錯誤investmoneyintosthdistinguishAfromBdistinguishbetweenAandBrangefrom….to….arangeofTendtodosth傾向于做某事Tendtosb/sth照顧reachforsth.伸手抓某物；reachofsb.在某人能觸及到的范圍內(nèi)estimateat+價格等數(shù)量詞estimatetobe+其他itisestimatedtobe30yearsold.actas形容具有某種功能thebreakwateractasabufferactlike像某種行為heactlikeafoolpaysomemoneyforsth買東西paysomemoneyfordingsth因做了sth賠償多少錢evidenceofsthsth的證據(jù)evidenceforsth支持sth的證據(jù)havearesponsibilitytodohave/takeresponsibilityfor<doing>sthbeincontrolofkeep/have/bringsthundercontrolget/take/presume/losecontrolofthepowertodothepowerof+sth錯誤thepowerof+doingsththeriskofsth/doingsth錯誤therisktodosththeneed<forsb>todo錯誤theneedthat…theimportanceofsththeimportancethat….thepossibilityofdoingthepossibilitythat…錯誤thepossibilitytodobeindangerofdoingsth錯誤beindangertosthhaveadangerof/that…舉例的錯誤搭配asaninstance—>forinstance/examplesuchastodo〔suchas后只加n./doingliketodorescuesbfromsthbemarkedbysth以……為特點,特征benativeto原產(chǎn)于expendsth.in/on<doing>sth.花費,消耗AprecededbyB意思為B先進(jìn),然后A進(jìn)margeAwithBtherivalrybetweenAandBAasvariedasBB用來解釋,舉例A〔A,B平行define….as+n.<短語>注意不能加從句anauthorityonsthItmaywellbethat很可能AasameanstoBA是B的一種方式加v-ing作賓語的verbacknowledge,avoid,admit,enjoy,escape,suggest,assure,advocate,forbid,permit,favor,resist,recommend,risk,involve,deny,include,proposegiveup,creditto,aimat,contributeto,objectto,incontrastto,besupposedto,beopposedto,amountto,leadto,beexposed/committed/limited/devotedto,be/become/accustomed/usedtoaidsbindoing,accusesbofdoing加todo作賓語的verbafford,agree,appear/seem,arrange,choose,claim,come<逐漸>,elect,endeavor,expect,fail,promise,refuse,seek,select,threaten,venture,offer,prefer,use加todo作賓補的verbv.sth/sbtodoadvise,allow,compel,cause,enable,invite,inspire,convice,expect,lead,require,use,orderredunancywordlist：lagbehind,byxx%<less>from...<down/up>torise<higher>then..<subsequently>now..<currently><tosomeone,>Parisissomeone'shomeenablesomeoneto<beableto>continue,and<havealreadydone><up>until…percapitaconsumption...<perperson>eachyear...<annually><consistently>...doingsth.also...<aswell>themore...,themore...,become<increaseingly>thereis<continuous>sthoccurringsomeoneisdoingsth<continuously><so>inordertothen<later>then<subsequently>sufficient<enough>前面應(yīng)被后面替換小結(jié)：whichthat,thatwhich,thethingthat=whatnotany=nonotever=neverwhichisthat=thatthethingthat/thatwhich=what〔引導(dǎo)主從theonlythingthat=all<theonlythingthathastobedonealloneh