初中語法之動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

(十一)新版初中英語語法之動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1、結(jié)構(gòu)：原形：(主語為I\you\we\they以及所有的復(fù)數(shù))主語+v-現(xiàn)在式單三：（主語為he、she、it、不可數(shù)名詞time、單數(shù)人名Mary、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞等第三人稱單數(shù)）用法：(1)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)（能力、特征、職務(wù)、身份、籍貫等）,標(biāo)志詞：常與often，sometimes，usually，always，seldom（很少），everyday，onSunday，onweekends等時(shí)間狀語連用，或用于以when，until，till，if，unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中。IamanEnglishteacher.我是一名英語教師。Heisoftenlate.他經(jīng)常遲到。HeteachesEnglish.他教英語。IcanspeakEnglish.我會(huì)講英語。Iusuallygotoschoolat7:00everymorning.我每天早上通常7:00去上學(xué)。Iwillgohomeifyoucometomyhouse.如果你來我家我就回家。Assoonasyoucomeback,ringmeupplease.你一回家，就給我打電話。（2）表示普遍存在的真理。Theearthisround.地球是圓的。ChinaisintheeastofAsia.中國在亞洲東部。TanJiexiisasinger.譚杰希是一名歌手。（3）表示預(yù)先計(jì)劃或安排好的肯定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（只限于come/go/start/begin/leave/return/stop等短暫性動(dòng)詞）NextweektheyleaveforShanghai.下周他們要去上海SchoolbeginsonFeb27th.學(xué)校2月27日開學(xué)。Thebusleavesthestationat7:00.公共汽車7:00離開車站。3、否定句結(jié)構(gòu)：*把肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň?，若有be動(dòng)詞(am\is\are)找be動(dòng)詞，并在am\is\are后面加not；無be動(dòng)詞找情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can、should、could、may、might、must等），并在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not；如果be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞都沒有，就找助動(dòng)詞do\does，并在do和does后面加not。即：am(1)主語+beis+not(isn’t)are(aren’t)主語否定句肯定句We

(aren’t/arenot)

are

boys．TheyYou(你們)You(你)

aboy．She(isn’t/isnot)isHeItI(amnot)am(2)主語+donot(don’t)+v-原形主語+doesnot(doesn’t)+v-原形主語否定句肯定句

inMinleTownMiddleSchool.I(don’twork)workWeYou(你\你們)TheyHe(doesn’twork)worksSheIt4、動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則：（have—has)1,、一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加shelp—helpslike—likesswim—swimsknow—knows2、以s、x、ch、sh、o字母結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加esgo—goesteach—teacheswatch—watcheswash—washes3、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的單詞，改y為iescry—criesfly—fliesstudy—studiestry—tries5、疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：*把肯定句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?，若有be動(dòng)詞(am\isare)找be動(dòng)詞，把a(bǔ)m\is\are提于句首，并大寫開頭字母；若無be動(dòng)詞找情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can、should、could、may、might、must等），把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提于句首，并大寫開頭字母；如果be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞都沒有，就找助動(dòng)詞do\does，并把do和does提于句首，大寫開頭字母，并把原句中第三人稱單數(shù)形式還原為動(dòng)詞原形即可。即：(1)Do/Does+主語+v-原形+...？主語

workinMinleTownMiddleSchool？肯定回答否定回答DoIYes,youdo.No,youdon’t.weYes,youdo.No,youdon’t.You(你）Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.You(你們)Yes,wedo.No,wedon’t.theyYes,theydo.No,theydon’t.DoesheYes,hedoes,No，hedoesn’t.sheYes,shedoes.No,shedoesn’t.itYes,itdoes.No,itdoesn’t.(2)Am/Is/Are+主語+...？主語

Chinese?肯定回答否定回答

Are weYes,youare.No,youaren’t.you（你們）Yes,weare.No,wearen’t.theyYes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.you(你)

aChinese?Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.IssheYes,sheis.No,sheisn’t.heYes,heis.No,heisn’t.itYes,itis.No,itisn’t.AmIYes,youare.No,youaren’t.

（二）、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am主語為(I)is(主語為主語為he、she、it、不可數(shù)名詞time、單1、結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+數(shù)人名Mary、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞等第三人稱單數(shù)）+v-ingare(主語為you\we\they以及所有的復(fù)數(shù))2、用法：1)表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與now,atthemoment,atthepresent,rightnow,listen,look等時(shí)間狀語連用。Listen!Thebirdissinging.聽！這只鳥正在唱歌。Theyarereadingnow.他們現(xiàn)在正在讀書。Heissingingintheroom.他正在房間里面唱歌。2)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。ThestudentsarestudyingEnglishatthesedays.這些日子學(xué)生正在學(xué)習(xí)英語。Heislearningtodance.他正在學(xué)跳舞。ThegirlsarewatchingTVnow.女孩們正在看電視。3)用進(jìn)行時(shí)表最近安排或計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，只限于go/come/leave/start/arrive/return等短暫性動(dòng)詞。Mymomiscomingbackfromschool.我的媽媽正從學(xué)?；貋?。HeisleavingforHongKong.他正在前往香港。Heisgoingshopping.他正在購物.否定句結(jié)構(gòu)：*若把肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň?，則只需在am\is\are后面加not即可。主語+am/is/are+not+v-ing主語否定句肯定句I\She\He\It(amnot)amwatchingTVnow.We\You（你\你們）\They(arenot/aren’t)are

4、疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：*若把肯定句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?，則只需把a(bǔ)m\is\are提于句首，并大寫開頭字母即可。即：Am/Is/Are+主語+v-ing+...？

Am主語

watchingTVnow?肯定回答否定回答IYes,youare.No,youaren’t.IssheYes,sheis.No,sheisn’t.heYes,heis.No,heisn’t.itYes,itis..No,itisn’t.AreweYes,youare.’t.You（你）Yes,Iam.No,I’mnot.You（你們）Yes,weare.No,wearen’t.theyYes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.5、動(dòng)詞ing形式變化規(guī)則1、一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加ingwork—workingplay—playingwatch—watchingask—asking2、以不發(fā)音的e字母（包括-ee/-oe-/ye）結(jié)尾，去掉e字母，再加inglike—likinglove—lovingdance—dancinglive—living3、以一個(gè)不發(fā)本身音的元音字母（重讀閉音節(jié)）加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ingstop—stoppingshop—shoppingplan—planningrun—running

（三）一般過去時(shí)（講述過去的事實(shí)）1、結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+V-過去式（be-was/were）2、用法：表示過去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生或存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常與yesterday,in1997,lastweek,lastyear,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday，threeyearsago等時(shí)間狀語連用。Hewasastudentthreeyearsago.三年前他是一名學(xué)生。Herodeahorseyesterday.昨天他去騎馬。Theywentswimminglastweek.上星期他們?nèi)ビ斡?。Theywerestudentslastyear.去年他們是學(xué)生。Shetalkedwithafarmerjustnow.剛才她在和一位農(nóng)民說話。Hewasastudentthreeyearsago.三年前他是一名學(xué)生。Herodeahorseyesterday.昨天他去騎馬。Theywentswimminglastweek.上星期他們?nèi)ビ斡?。Theywerestudentslastyear.去年他們是學(xué)生。Shetalkedwithafarmerjustnow.剛才她在和一位農(nóng)民說話。3、否定句結(jié)構(gòu)：*把肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň?，若有be動(dòng)詞(was\were)找be動(dòng)詞，在was\were后面加not；若無be動(dòng)詞找情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can、should、could、may、might、must等），并在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not；如果be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞都沒有，就找助動(dòng)詞did，在did后面加not，并把原句中的動(dòng)詞過去式還原為動(dòng)詞原即可。(1)主語+did+not(didn’t)+v—原形主語否定句肯定句時(shí)間狀語I\We\You(你/你們)(didn’tmilk)milkedacowyesterday.They\He\She\It

（2）主語+was/were+not(wasn’t/weren’t)主語否定句肯定句We\You(你\你們）\They(weren’t/werenot)wereboys.He\She\It(wasn’t\wasnot)wasaboy.

4、疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)*把肯定句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?，有be動(dòng)詞(was\were)找be動(dòng)詞，無be動(dòng)詞找情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,并在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not；如果be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞都沒有，就找助動(dòng)詞did，并把did提于句首，大寫開頭字母，把原句中動(dòng)詞過去式還原為動(dòng)詞原形即可。(1)Was/Were+主語+...?

Were

Was主語肯定回答否定回答weworkers?Yes,youwere.No,youweren’t.you(你們)Yes,wewere.No,weweren’t.theyYes,theywere.No,theyweren’t.you(你)aworker?Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasn’t.sheYes,shewas.No,shewasn’t.heYes,hewas.No,hewasn’t.itYes,itwas.No,itwasn’t.(2)Did+主語+v-原形+...?

Did主語

milkacowyesterday?肯定回答否定回答IYes,youdid.No,youdidn’t.weYes,youdid.No,youdidn’t.you(你們)Yes,wedid.No,wedidn’t.you(你)Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.theyYes,theydid.No,theydidn’t.heYes,hedid.No,hedidn’t.sheYes,shedid.No,shedidn’t.itYes,itdid.No,itdidn’t.5、動(dòng)詞過去式、過去分詞變化規(guī)則(不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞見七年級(jí)下冊(cè)起課本附錄不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表(IrregularVerbs)變化規(guī)則詞例1、一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加edwork—worked—workedwatch—watched—watchedplay—played—played2、以e字母結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在詞尾加dlove—loved—lovedlike—liked—likedlive—lived—lived3、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為iedtry—tried—triedcry—cried—criedstudy-studied—studied4、以一個(gè)不發(fā)本身音的元音字母（重讀閉音節(jié)）加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加edstop—stopped—-stoppedplan—planned—plannedshop—shopped—shoppedstop—stopped—stopped

*（四）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1、結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+was/were+v-ing2、用法：表示過去某一時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與then,atnine,atteno’clockyesterday,atthatmoment等時(shí)間狀語連用，常用于以when和while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中(以when和while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí))。IwasstudyingEnglishat7:00yesterdaymorning.昨天早上7:00我正在學(xué)習(xí)英語。MymotherwascookingwhenIcamebackfromschool.我從學(xué)?；貋頃r(shí)媽媽正在做飯。Theywerecuttingdowntreesatthattimeyesterday.昨天的那個(gè)時(shí)候他們正在砍樹。Whatwereyoudoingat10:00lastnight？昨天晚上10:00你正在做什么？Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmyfathercameback.我爸爸回來的時(shí)候我正在做作業(yè)。3、否定句結(jié)構(gòu)：*若把肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň?，則只需在was\were后面加not即可。主語+was/were+not+v-ing主語否定句肯定句時(shí)間狀語I\She\He\It(wasnot/wasn’t)waswritingat9:00yesterday.We\You(你\你們)\They(werenot/weren’t)were4、疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：*若把肯定句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?，則只需把was\were提于句首，并大寫開頭字母即可。Was/Were+主語+v-ing主語

writingat9:00yesterday?肯定回答否定回答

WasIYes,youwere.No,youweren’t.sheYes,shewas..No,shewasn’t..heYes,hewas..No,hewasn’t..itYes,Iwas..No,Iwasn’t.WereweYes,youwere.No,youweren’t..you（你們）Yes,wewere.No,weweren’t.you(你)Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasn’t.theyYes,theywere.No,theyweren’t.(五）一般將來時(shí)1、結(jié)構(gòu)：am(1)主語+beis+goingto+v-原形are(2)主語+will+v-原形（用于所有的人稱和數(shù)）(3)主語+shall+v-原形（只限于主語為we和I）(4）therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的將來時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：某地將會(huì)有某物TherewillbeTherewillbeafootballmatchthisevening.今晚會(huì)有一場足球賽。Therewillberobotsinthefuture.將來會(huì)有機(jī)器人。Thereis\aregoingtobeThereisgoingtobeateachingbuildinginourschool.我們學(xué)校會(huì)有一棟教學(xué)樓。Therearegoingtobefewertreesinthebigcities.大城市里的樹將會(huì)更少。2用法：表示將來某一時(shí)刻計(jì)劃、打算、決定要做的事情，常與nextweek,thisevening,in2017,tomorrow,inthreeweeks,thedayaftertomorrow,inthefuture,beforelong（不久），soon，等表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。IamgoingtoswimnextSunday.下星期天我打算去游泳。Sheisgoingtocometomybirthdaypartythisevening.今晚她打算來參加我的生日晚會(huì)。Theyaregoingtotakeguitarlessontomorrowmorning.明天早上他們要去上鋼琴課。Iwillseeyounextmonth.下個(gè)月我來看你。Weshallgohomethedayaftertomorrow.后天我會(huì)回家。3、否定句結(jié)構(gòu)(1)主語+beam/is/are+not+goingtov-原形主語否定句肯定句

goingtoplayfootballthisafternoon.I(amnot)amShe(isnot/isn’t)isHeItWe(arenot/aren’t)areYou(你\你們)They

（2）主語+shall+not+v-原形（只限于主語為we和I）(3）主語+will+not+v-原形(用于所有人稱和數(shù))主語否定句肯定句playfootballthisafternoon.I\We\will\(won’t)shallnot(shalln’t)will\shallHe\She\He\It\You（你\你們）\They\willnot(won’t)\will

3疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：*若把肯定句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?，則只需把a(bǔ)m/is/are\will\shall提于句首，并大寫開頭字母即可。（1）Am/Is/Are+主語+goingto+v-原形謂語主語

goingtoplayfootballthisafternoon?肯定回答否定回答AmIYes,youare.No,youaren’t.IssheYes,sheis.No,sheisn’t.heYes,heis.No,heisn’t.itYes,itis.No,itisn’t.AreweYes,youare.’t.you（你）Yes,Iam.No,I’mnot.you（你們）Yes,weare.No,wearen’t.theyYes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.

(2)Will+主語+v-原形(用于所有人稱和數(shù))(3)Shall+主語v-原形（只限于主語為we和I）

Will\Shall主語

playfootballthisafternoon?

肯定回答否定回答IYes,youwill\shall.No,youwillnot(won’t)\shalln’t.weYes,youwill\shall.No,youwillnot(won’t)shalln’t.

Will

sheYes,shewill.No,shewillnot(won’t).heYes,hewill.No,hewillnot(won’t).itYes,itwill.(won’t).you（你們）Yes,wewill.No,wewillnot(won’t).You(你)Yes,Iwill.No,Iwillnot(won’t).theyYes,theywill.No,theywillnot(won’t).（六）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1、肯定句：主語+have\has+v-過去分詞2、用法：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，也可以表示過去某一時(shí)間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與already、just、before、recently（肯定句）、never、ever、yet（否定句或疑問句）、sofar、uptonow或以since+一般過去時(shí)時(shí)間狀語從句、since+過去某一時(shí)刻以及for+一段時(shí)間等時(shí)間狀語連用。Ihavebeentothezooforalotoftimes.我去過動(dòng)物園好多次。Hehasturnedoffthelight.他已經(jīng)把燈關(guān)了。WehavestayedinChinasince2001.自2001年以來我們就呆在中國..我們?cè)诰肮榷袑⒔袃赡炅?。否定句結(jié)構(gòu)：*若把肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň?，則只需在have\has后面加not即可。主語+have\has+not+v-過去分詞（可縮寫為haven’t\hasn’t)主語否定句肯定句beentoKunmingyet.I\We\You(你\你們）\They\havenot(haven’t)\haveShe\He\It\hasnot(hasn’t)\has疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：*若把肯定句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?，則只需把have\has提于句首，并大寫開頭字母即可。Have\Has+主語+v-過去分詞+...?

Have主語

beentoKunming?

肯定回答否定回答IYes,youhave.No,youhaven’t.you(你們)Yes,wehave.No,wehaven’t.you(你)Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.weYes,youhave.No,youhaven’t.theyYes,theyhave.No,theyhaven’t.HassheYes,shehas.No,shehasn’t.heYes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.itYes,ithas.No,ithasn’t.

5、動(dòng)詞過去式、過去分詞變化規(guī)則變化規(guī)則詞例1、一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加edwork—worked—workedwatch—watched—watchedplay—played—played2、以e字母結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在詞尾加dlove—loved—lovedlike—liked—likedlive—lived—lived3、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為iedtry—tried—triedcry—cried—criedstudy—studied—studied4、以一個(gè)不發(fā)本身音的元音字母（重讀閉音節(jié)）加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，雙寫末尾輔音字母，再加ed.stop—stopped-—stoppedplan—planned—plannedshop—shopped—shoppedplan—planned—planned6、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞見七年級(jí)下冊(cè)起每一冊(cè)課本最后附錄不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表(IrregularVerbs)1）與動(dòng)詞原形一致。如：let→let→let;put→put→put;read→read→read2）若中間有雙寫e，則去掉一個(gè)e，單詞末尾再加t。如feel→felt→felt;keep→kept→kept;sleep→slept→slept3)結(jié)尾的字母d變t。如：lend→lent→lent;build→built→built;send→sent→sent4)變?yōu)橐?ought或-aught結(jié)尾。如：buy→bought→bought;bring→brought→brought;catch→caught→caught;teach→taught→taught*（七）過去完成時(shí)1、結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+had+v-過去分詞2、用法：(1)過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或一直存在的狀態(tài)。它表示動(dòng)作所發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”。常與by、before、when、after、until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用。如：bytheendoflastweek、bythattime（到那時(shí)為止）、longbefore(很久以前）、bythetime（在......以前，到......的時(shí)候）Shehadlearnt2,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastmonth.到上個(gè)月月底，她已經(jīng)學(xué)了2，000個(gè)英語單詞。BythetimeIgotup，mybrotherhadalreadygottonintheshower.在我起床之前，我哥哥就在洗澡了。BythetimeIwalkedintoclass,theteacherhadstartedteachingalready.當(dāng)我總進(jìn)課堂的時(shí)候，老師已經(jīng)開始上課了。WhenIgottoclassroom,IrealizedthatIhadfogottenmykeys.當(dāng)我走進(jìn)教室的時(shí)候，我意識(shí)到我忘記帶鑰匙了。3、否定句結(jié)構(gòu)：*若把肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň?，則只需在had后面加not即可。主語+hadnot+v-過去分詞即可。（hadnot=hadn’t)

Bythetimeoflastyear主語否定句肯定句

beentoKunmingyet.I\we\you（你\你們)\they\she\he\ithadnot(hadn’t)had

4、疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：*若把肯定句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?，則只需把had提于句首，并大寫開頭字母即可。Had+主語+v-過去分詞+...?

Bythetimeoflastyear主語

hadalreadybeentoKunming?肯定回答否定回答IYes,youhad.No,youhadn’t.you(你們)Yes,wehad.No,wehadn’t.you(你)Yes,Ihad.No,Ihadn’t.weYes,youhad.No,youhadn’t.theyYes,theyhad.No,theyhadn’t.sheYes,shehad.No,shehadn’t.heYes,he