動物與飼料的學(xué)習(xí)資料

動物與飼料的學(xué)習(xí)資料第1頁/共96頁MajorPointsonIntroductionHowandwhatyoufeedanimalshasabigeffectonprofit

經(jīng)濟(jì)效益Whatyoueataffectsyourhealthandlifespan影響健康和壽命Theanimal’sefficiencyofconvertingfeedtoedibleproductsislow

動物的轉(zhuǎn)化率是很低的Nutrientsclasseshavedifferentphysicalandchemicalpropertieswhichdeterminetheirfunctioninthebody

營養(yǎng)分類Valueofafeedorfoodisbasedontherelativeamountsofthedifferentnutrientsitcontains

飼料價值依據(jù)所含不同營養(yǎng)Thefunctionoftheanimaldeterminestheamountofeachnutrienttheanimalneeds

動物需要的營養(yǎng)第2頁/共96頁FeedingFarmAnimalsRequiresaKnowledgeof飼喂動物需要了解:Fundamentalsofnutritionandfactorsaffectingrequirements營養(yǎng)和影響需要量的因素Characteristicsandnutrientcontentoffeedstuffs飼料原料的特征和營養(yǎng)含量Feedmillingandprocessing

飼料加工Animalproductionsystems

畜牧生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)Costoffeedstuffsandpricesofproductsold

飼料價格和產(chǎn)品售價第3頁/共96頁Nutrient營養(yǎng)素Substanceobtainedfromfoodorfeedandusedinthebodytoprovideenergyandstructuralmaterialsforsynthesisofbodycomponentsandtoregulatemaintenance,growthandrepairoftissue.第4頁/共96頁DIET飼糧:

whatananimaleats;forexample,adietforfeedlotsteersmayconsistof82%steam-flakedcorn,10%cottonseedhulls,5%cottonseedmeal,1%urea,and2%mineralandvitaminsupplements.閹牛的飼糧RATION日糧:

theamountofdietananimalconsumesinagivenperiodoftime,usuallyoneday.Forexample,oneday’srationforahorsecouldbe5.4kg.ofBermudagrasshayand4.5kg.ofacommercialconcentrate.狗牙草和濃縮飼料第5頁/共96頁CommonFarmAnimals第6頁/共96頁WhyisNutritionImportant?AnimalsHumans第7頁/共96頁EconomicImpactofAnimalNutrition

AnnualU.S.Production2009Slaughtered,MillionsAverageWt.Lb.TypicalFeedEfficiency*TotalFeed,Millions,lbBeef 33.33812936.0F/G258,636Sheep2.3231366.0F/G1,896Hogs112.6122713.5F/G106,812Broilers8,658.8605.591.8F/G87,123Turkeys245.76828.912.0F/G14,210NumberonhandDairy(head) 9.20120,576milk/yr.1.0F/M189,320Layers(head) 337.702223eggs/yr.2.1/dozen

13,179 671,179第8頁/共96頁EfficiencyofConvertingFeed

NutrientsIntoHumanFood

Percentoffeednutrientrecovered

inaproductsuitableforhumanconsumptionEnergyProtein

Cattle

-milk -meat 15-20 3-8 13-36 4-15

Pork 4-20 14-20

Poultry

-eggs -meat

10-18 6-11 10-30 17-23第9頁/共96頁敗血病腎病肺炎老年癡呆癥肥胖癥事故呼吸疾病中風(fēng)癌癥心臟病第10頁/共96頁DietorFeedstuffWater

DryMatter第11頁/共96頁DryingOven第12頁/共96頁DietorFeedstuffWater

12%

88%

DryMatterOrganic

Matter

Ash第13頁/共96頁AshingOven第14頁/共96頁DietorFeedstuffOrganic

Matter

98%

2%

AshProtein

Vitamins

Lipids

CarbohydratesWater

12%

88%

DryMatter第15頁/共96頁DietorFeedstuffProtein10%

Vitamins<<1%

Lipids4%

84%

CarbohydratesTrueNon-proteinnitrogenSolubleFiberWater

12%

88%

DryMatterOrganic

Matter

98%

2%

Ash第16頁/共96頁DietorFeedstuffProtein10%

Vitamins<<1%

Lipids4%

84%

CarbohydratesTrue10%Non-proteinnitrogen<<1%

73%Soluble11%FiberWater

12%

88%

DryMatterOrganic

Matter

98%

2%

Ash第17頁/共96頁第18頁/共96頁第19頁/共96頁Farmanimalsefficientlyconvertfeednutrientsintonutrientsconsumedbypeople動物有效地轉(zhuǎn)化飼料營養(yǎng)成人類消耗的營養(yǎng)TrueorFalse第20頁/共96頁Farmanimalsefficientlyconvertfeednutrientsintonutrientsconsumedbypeople動物有效地轉(zhuǎn)化飼料營養(yǎng)成人類消耗的營養(yǎng)TrueFalse第21頁/共96頁Ifagroupofgrowinganimalsconsumes450kgofdietandincreasestheirbodyweightby90kg,whatistheirfeedefficiency?第22頁/共96頁Ifagroupofgrowinganimalsconsumes450kgofdietandincreasestheirbodyweightby90kg,whatistheirfeedefficiency?5.00第23頁/共96頁Whichismostlikelytokillyou?DiabetesCancerHeartDiseaseStroke第24頁/共96頁Whichismostlikelytokillyou?DiabetesCancerHeartDiseaseStroke第25頁/共96頁NutrientsNutrientClassDistinguishingCharacteristicPrimaryFunctionsWATERMINERALS

Macro--

Micro--

第26頁/共96頁NutrientsNutrientClassDistinguishingCharacteristicPrimaryFunctionsPROTEINVITAMINS第27頁/共96頁NutrientsNutrientClassDistinguishingCharacteristicPrimaryFunctionsLIPIDSCARBOHYDRATES第28頁/共96頁“Average”ContentofFarmAnimalDiets(DryBasis)NUTRIENT%indietCHOProteinsLipidsMinVit第29頁/共96頁“Average”ContentofFarmAnimalDiets(DryBasis)NUTRIENT%indiet第30頁/共96頁Dryforagesandgrainsareprimarily?WaterCarbohydrateLipidsProteinsMineralsVitamins第31頁/共96頁Dryforagesandgrainsareprimarily?WaterCarbohydrateLipidsProteinsMineralsVitamins第32頁/共96頁MajorwayenergyisstoredinanimalsWaterCarbohydrateLipidsProteinsMineralsVitamins第33頁/共96頁MajorwayenergyisstoredinanimalsWaterCarbohydrateLipidsProteinsMineralsVitamins第34頁/共96頁ThesearesubdividedintomacroandmicocategoriesWaterCarbohydrateLipidsProteinsMineralsVitamins第35頁/共96頁ThesearesubdividedintomacroandmicocategoriesWaterCarbohydrateLipidsProteinsMineralsVitamins第36頁/共96頁Whichwillmakeuptheleastamountofanimaldiets?WaterCarbohydrateLipidsProteinsMineralsVitamins第37頁/共96頁Whichwillmakeuptheleastamountofanimaldiets?WaterCarbohydrateLipidsProteinsMineralsVitamins第38頁/共96頁WhichhasthehighestNcontent?WaterCarbohydrateLipidsProteinsMineralsVitamins第39頁/共96頁WhichhasthehighestNcontent?WaterCarbohydrateLipidsProteinsMineralsVitamins第40頁/共96頁OverviewofFeedingFarmAnimalsFeed/DietWaterProteinLipidsCarbohydratesMineralsVitaminsNutrientstoThetissuesFecesGasesofFermentationDigestion

第41頁/共96頁OverviewofFeedingFarmAnimalsFeed/DietWaterProteinLipidsCarbohydratesMineralsVitaminsNutrientstoThetissuesFecesGasesofFermentationCO2andH20HeatIncrementDigestion

Metabolism第42頁/共96頁OverviewofFeedingFarmAnimalsFeed/DietWaterProteinLipidsCarbohydratesMineralsVitaminsNutrientstoThetissuesFecesGasesofFermentationProductiveFunctionsGrowth-Beef,swine,meatgoatsLactation—DairycowsandgoatsGestation—allspeciesWork—HorsesFiber–sheepandAngoragoatsMaintenance—AllspeciesCO2andH20HeatIncrementDigestion

Metabolism第43頁/共96頁第44頁/共96頁第45頁/共96頁第46頁/共96頁第47頁/共96頁第48頁/共96頁第49頁/共96頁$162,000第50頁/共96頁第51頁/共96頁第52頁/共96頁第53頁/共96頁第54頁/共96頁第55頁/共96頁第56頁/共96頁第57頁/共96頁第58頁/共96頁第59頁/共96頁第60頁/共96頁第61頁/共96頁第62頁/共96頁第63頁/共96頁RandomQuiz1Listatleast2productivefunctionsinthephoto第64頁/共96頁RandomQuiz1Listatleast2productivefunctionsinthephoto第65頁/共96頁Howmanyproductivefunctionsareshown12345第66頁/共96頁MajorPointsonIntroductionHowandwhatyoufeedanimalshasabigeffectonprofitWhatyoueataffectsyourhealthandlifespanTheanimal’sefficiencyofconvertingfeedtoedibleproductsislowNutrientsclasseshavedifferentphysicalandchemicalpropertieswhichdeterminetheirfunctioninthebodyValueofafeedorfoodisbasedontherelativeamountsofthedifferentnutrientsitcontainsThefunctionoftheanimaldeterminestheamountofeachnutrienttheanimalneeds第67頁/共96頁EndofIntroduction第68頁/共96頁WhydowefeedfarmanimalsA.MakeMoneyB.FeedPeopleC.EnjoyablelifestyleD.Convertslowqualityfeedintohighqualityfood第69頁/共96頁HowmanystatementsareCORECT1234PlantsstoreenergyasstarchandlipidsAnimalsstoreenergyasglycogenandlipidsPlantsaremostlycarbohydratesonadrybasisAnimalsaremostlylipidsonadrybasis第70頁/共96頁WhydowefeedfarmanimalsMakemoneyFeedpeopleEnjoyablelifestyleConvertslowqualityfeedintohighqualityfoodAlloftheabove第71頁/共96頁Howmanyofthestatementsbelowaretrue?123456CarbohydratesarethemainnutrientinfarmanimaldietsLipidsareaconcentratedsourceofenergyProteinsarethethirdmostabundantnutrientinfarmanimaldietsProteins,lipids,andwaterarethethreemostabundantnutrientsintheanimalsbodyVitaminsandtracemineralsmakeuptheleastamountoffarmanimaldietsFarmanimaldietsareprimarilyplantbased第72頁/共