華中科技大學(xué)項目管理

華中科技大學(xué)項目管理第1頁/共40頁2023/3/82LearningObjectivesUnderstandtheimportanceofprojectintegrationmanagementDescribeanoverallframeworkforprojectintegrationmanagementDescribeprojectplandevelopmentandthekeycomponentsofagoodprojectplanExplainprojectplanexecutionandkeyaspectsofgettingworkresultsDescribetheintegratedchangecontrolprocessandthecreationofprojectplanupdates,correctiveaction,andlessonslearned第2頁/共40頁2023/3/83ChapterOutline

WhatisProjectIntegrationManagement?ProjectPlanDevelopmentProjectPlanExecutionOverallChangeControlChangeControlonITProjectsChangeControlSystem第3頁/共40頁2023/3/843.1WhatisProjectIntegrationManagement?第4頁/共40頁2023/3/85Thedefinitionofprojectintegrationmanagement*Projectintegrationmanagementistheprocessesinvolvedincoordinatingalloftheotherprojectmanagementknowledgeareasthroughoutaproject'slifecycle.

第5頁/共40頁2023/3/86TheKeytoOverallProjectSuccess:GoodProjectIntegrationManagementProjectmanagersmustcoordinatealloftheotherknowledgeareasthroughoutaproject’slifecycleManynewprojectmanagershavetroublelookingatthe“bigpicture”andwanttofocusontoomanydetailsProjectintegrationmanagementisnotthesamethingassoftwareintegration第6頁/共40頁2023/3/87ProjectIntegrationManagementOverviewNote:ThePMBOKGuideincludessimilarchartsforeachknowledgearea.第7頁/共40頁2023/3/88FrameworkforProjectIntegrationManagementFocusonpullingeverythingto-gethertoreachprojectsuccess!第8頁/共40頁2023/3/89ProjectIntegrationManagementProcessesThreemainprocessesProjectPlanDevelopment:takingtheresultsofotherplanningprocessesandputtingthemintoaconsistent,coherentdocument—theprojectplanProjectPlanExecution:carryingouttheprojectplanIntegratedChangeControl:coordinatingchangesacrosstheentireproject第9頁/共40頁2023/3/810計劃編制過程時間6.3活動歷時估計范圍5.2范圍計劃編制時間6.1活動定義時間6.2活動排序時間6.4進度計劃開發(fā)成本7.2成本估算范圍5.3范圍定義成本7.1資源計劃編制風(fēng)險11.1風(fēng)險管理計劃編制成本7.2成本預(yù)算整體4.1項目計劃編制核心過程啟動過程范圍5.1啟動執(zhí)行過程輔助過程整體4.2項目計劃實施質(zhì)量8.2質(zhì)量保證人力資源9.3團隊開發(fā)采購12.3詢價采購12.4資源選擇采購12.5合同管理溝通10.2信息發(fā)布控制過程輔助過程整體4.3綜合變更控制范圍5.5范圍變更控制時間6.5進度計劃控制范圍5.4范圍驗證成本7.4成本控制質(zhì)量8.3質(zhì)量控制風(fēng)險11.4風(fēng)險控制溝通10.3績效報告收尾過程采購12.6合同收尾溝通10.4管理收尾項目整體4.1項目計劃制定4.2項目計劃實施4.3綜合變更控制第10頁/共40頁2023/3/8113.2ProjectPlanDevelopment第11頁/共40頁2023/3/812PlanningProcesses計劃編制過程時間6.3活動歷時估計范圍5.2范圍計劃編制時間6.1活動定義時間6.2活動排序時間6.4進度計劃開發(fā)成本7.2成本估算范圍5.3范圍定義成本7.1資源計劃編制風(fēng)險11.1風(fēng)險管理計劃編制成本7.2成本預(yù)算整體4.1項目計劃編制質(zhì)量8.1質(zhì)量計劃編制人力資源9.1組織計劃編制時間9.2人員獲取采購12.1采購計劃編制采購12.2詢價計劃編制溝通10.1溝通計劃編制風(fēng)險11.2風(fēng)險識別風(fēng)險11.3定性風(fēng)險分析風(fēng)險11.4定量風(fēng)險分析風(fēng)險11.5風(fēng)險應(yīng)對計劃核心過程來自啟動過程來自控制過程去向執(zhí)行過程第12頁/共40頁2023/3/813ProjectPlanDevelopmentAprojectplanisadocumentusedtocoordinateallprojectplanningdocumentsItspurposesareto

guideprojectexecutionDocumentprojectplanningassumptionsDocumentprojectplanningdecisionregardingalternativeschosenFacilitatecommunicationamongstakeholderProvideabaselineforprogressmeasurementandprojectcontrol第13頁/共40頁2023/3/814AttributesofProjectPlansJustasprojectsareunique,soareprojectplansPlansshouldbeupdatedaschangesoccurPlansshouldfirstandforemostguideprojectexecutionPlansshouldbedynamicPlansshouldbeflexible第14頁/共40頁2023/3/815CommonElementsofaProjectPlanIntroductionoroverviewoftheprojectDescriptionofhowtheprojectisorganizedManagementandtechnicalprocessesusedontheprojectWorktobedoneSchedulebudget第15頁/共40頁2023/3/816SampleOutlineforaProjectManagementPlan第16頁/共40頁2023/3/817SampleOutlineforaSoftwareProjectManagementPlan(SPMP)第17頁/共40頁2023/3/818Contentsofaprojectplan內(nèi)容相關(guān)的項目管理過程項目總結(jié)(projectsummary),項目章程(projectchart)啟動(initiation)財務(wù)說明和現(xiàn)金流預(yù)測(financialstatementandcashflowforecast)成本預(yù)算(costbudgeting)技術(shù)規(guī)范(specification),程序指南(procedureguide)質(zhì)量計劃編制(qualityplanning)工作說明(workstatement),范圍說明(scopestatement),工作分解結(jié)構(gòu)(WBS)范圍計劃編制(scopeplanning)綜合進度計劃(masterschedule),主要里程碑(mainmilestones)進度計劃制定(scheduleplanning)預(yù)算和成本控制系統(tǒng)(budgetsandcostcontrolsystems)成本預(yù)算(costbudgeting),成本估算(costestimating)執(zhí)行情況測量基準(performancemeasurebaselines)溝通計劃編制(communicationplanning)活動/事件網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃(activities/eventsnetworkplan)進度計劃制定(scheduleplanning)第18頁/共40頁2023/3/819內(nèi)容相關(guān)的項目管理過程材料和設(shè)備預(yù)測(materialandequipmentforecast)采購計劃編制(procurementplanning)項目組織計劃(projectorganizationplan)組織計劃編制(organizationplanning)項目人事計劃(projectpersonnelplan),關(guān)鍵人員(keystaff),責(zé)任分配矩陣(responsibilityassignmentmatrix)報告和審查程序(reportingandreviewprocedure)溝通計劃編制(communicationplanning)變更控制系統(tǒng)(changecontrolsystem)整體變更控制(overallchangecontrol)尚未定論的問題和有待作出的決策(openissuesandpendingdecision)風(fēng)險管理計劃編制(riskmanagementplanning),風(fēng)險評估等(riskassessmentandothers)風(fēng)險評估(riskassessment)第19頁/共40頁2023/3/820StakeholderAnalysisAstakeholderanalysisdocumentsimportant(oftensensitive)informationaboutstakeholderssuchasstakeholders’namesandorganizationsrolesontheprojectuniquefactsaboutstakeholderslevelofinfluenceandinterestintheprojectsuggestionsformanagingrelationships第20頁/共40頁2023/3/821SampleStakeholderAnalysis第21頁/共40頁2023/3/8223.3ProjectPlanExecution第22頁/共40頁2023/3/823ProjectPlanExecutionProjectplanexecutioninvolvesmanagingandperformingtheworkdescribedintheprojectplanThemajorityoftimeandmoneyisusuallyspentonexecutionprojectmanagersmustpracticewhattheypreach--shouldfollowtheirownplans第23頁/共40頁2023/3/824Executingprocesses執(zhí)行過程輔助過程整體4.2項目計劃實施質(zhì)量8.2質(zhì)量保證人力資源9.3團隊開發(fā)采購12.3詢價采購12.4資源選擇采購12.5合同管理溝通10.2信息發(fā)布來自計劃過程來自控制過程去向控制過程第24頁/共40頁2023/3/825WhatWentWrong?Manypeoplehaveapoorviewofplansbasedonpastexperiences.Seniormanagersoftenrequireaplan,butthennoonefollowsuponwhethertheplanwasfollowed.Whyshouldprojectmembersfeelobligatedtofollowtheirownplanswhentheprojectmanagerobviouslydidnotfollowhis?第25頁/共40頁2023/3/826ImportantSkillsforProjectExecutionGeneralmanagementskillslikeleadership,communication,andpoliticalskillsProductskillsandknowledgebecausetheproductsoftheprojectareproducedduringexecutionUseofspecializedtoolsandtechniques第26頁/共40頁2023/3/827ToolsandTechniquesforProjectExecutionWorkAuthorizationSystem:amethodforensuringthatqualifiedpeopledoworkattherighttimeandinthepropersequenceStatusReviewMeetings:regularlyscheduledmeetingsusedtoexchangeprojectinformationProjectManagementSoftware:specialsoftwaretoassistinmanagingprojects第27頁/共40頁2023/3/8283.4IntegratedChangeControl第28頁/共40頁2023/3/829IntegratedChangeControlIntegratedchangecontrol*involvesidentifying,evaluating,andmanagingchangesthroughouttheprojectlifecycleThreemainobjectivesofchangecontrol:InfluencethefactorsthatcreatechangestoensuretheyarebeneficialDeterminethatachangehasoccurredManageactualchangeswhenandastheyoccur*Note:1996PMBOKcalledthisprocess“overallchangecontrol”第29頁/共40頁2023/3/830ControllingProcesses來自執(zhí)行過程控制過程輔助過程整體4.3綜合變更控制范圍5.5范圍變更控制時間6.5進度計劃控制范圍5.4范圍驗證成本7.4成本控制質(zhì)量8.3質(zhì)量控制風(fēng)險11.4風(fēng)險控制去向執(zhí)行過程溝通10.3績效報告去向計劃過程去向收尾過程第30頁/共40頁2023/3/831IntegratedChangeControlProcess第31頁/共40頁2023/3/832ChangeControlonITProjectsFormerview:TheprojectteamshouldstrivetodoexactlywhatwasplannedontimeandwithinbudgetProblem:Stakeholdersrarelyagreedup-frontontheprojectscope,andtimeandcostestimateswereinaccurateModernview:ProjectmanagementisaprocessofconstantcommunicationandnegotiationSolution:Changesareoftenbeneficial,andtheprojectteamshouldplanforthem第32頁/共40頁2023/3/833ChangeControlSystem(CCS)Aformal,documentedprocessthatdescribeswhenandhowofficialprojectdocumentsandworkmaybechangedDescribeswhoisauthorizedtomakechangesandhowtomakethemCCSincludes

changecontrolboard(CCB)configurationmanagementcommunicatingchanges第33頁/共40頁2023/3/834ChangeControlBoards(CCBs)AformalgroupofpeopleresponsibleforapprovingorrejectingchangesonaprojectProvidesguidelinesforpreparingchangerequestsevaluatesthemmanagestheimplementationofapprovedchangesIncludesstakeholdersfromtheentireorganization第34頁/共40頁2023/3/835MakingTimelyChangesSomeCCBsonlymeetoccasionally,soitmaytaketoolongforchangestooccurSomeorganizationshavepoliciesinplacefortime-sensitivechanges“48hourpolicy”

Delegatechangestothelowestlevelpossible,butkeepeveryoneinformedofchanges第35頁/共40頁2023/3/836ConfigurationManagementEnsuresthattheproductsandtheirdescriptionsarecorrectandcompleteConfigurationmanagementspecialistsIdentifythefunctionalandphysicaldesigncharacteristicsofproductsControlchanges,recordandreportchangesAudittheproductstoverifyconformancetorequirements第36頁/共40頁2023/3/837SuggestionsforManagingIntegratedChangeControlViewprojectmanagementasaprocessofconstantcommunicationsandnegotiationsPlanforchangeEstablishaformalchangecontrolsystem,includingaChangeControlBoard(CCB)UsegoodconfigurationmanagementDefineproceduresformakingtimelydecisionsonsmallerchangesUsewrittenandoralperformancereportstohelpidentifyandmanagechangeUseprojectmanagementandothersoftwaretohelpmanageandcommunicatechanges 第37頁/共40頁2023/3/838QuickQuizWhatarethethreemainprocessesofintegrationmanagement?Whatisthemainpurposeofaprojectplan?W