考研英語一歷年真題2000-2019年20年真題試卷資料

2000年

Text1

Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,if

properlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjust

suchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeight

timeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.

Itsscientistsweretheworld'sbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.Americaand

AmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhose

economiesthewarhaddestroyed.

Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrew

richer.Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythe

mid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrial

competitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,had

shrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.By1987therewasonlyone

Americantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.(Nowthereisnone:Zenithwasboughtby

SouthKorea'sLGElectronicsinJuly.)Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweeping

intothedomesticmarket.America'smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.Fora

whileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinvented

andwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.

Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityfor

granted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthat

theirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.Themid-1980sbroughtone

inquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica'sindustrialdecline.Theirsometimes

sensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfrom

overseas.

Howthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyears

ofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelyto

suchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.

Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride."Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,has

goneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,accordingtoRichardCavanagh,

executivedeanofHarvard'sKennedySchoolofGovernment.44Itmakesmeproudto

beanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,says

StephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,DC.AndWilliam

SahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthis

periodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”

51.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause.

[A]ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal

[BJitsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore

[C]thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitors

ID]theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy

52.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sis

manifestedinthefactthattheAmerican.

[A]TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket

[B]semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprises

[C]machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions

ID]autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket

53.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

[A]Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride.

[B]Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.

[C]Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation.

[DJAlonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment.

54.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scan

beattributedtothe.

[A]turningofthebusinesscycle

IB]restructuringofindustry

[Climprovedbusinessmanagement

[D]successineducation

Text2

Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.Thereareabout105malesbornfor

every100females,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,and

among70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.Butthegreatuniversalof

malemortalityisbeingchanged.Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.

Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyears

whentheyaresearchingforamate.Moreimportant,anotherchancefornatural

selectionhasbeenremoved.Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboy

baby)survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeant

almostcertaindeath.Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariation

isduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.

Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewer

children.Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,

veryfewwomenhave15children.Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageof

death,hasbecomeaverage.Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.

Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotake

advantageofithavediminished.Indiashowswhatishappening.Thecountryoffers

wealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.The

grandmediocrityoftoday—everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberof

offspring—meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerin

upper-middle-classIndiacomparedtothetribes.

Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.

Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplaces

innature.Butinthepass100,000years-eventhepass10()years-ourliveshave

beentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesand

societydiditforus.Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:they

“l(fā)ookatanorganicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyond

hiscomprehension.Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyond

comprehensionforitsugliness.Buthoweveramazedourdescendantsmaybeathow

farfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjustlikeus.

55.Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

[A]Alackofmates.

[B]Afiercecompetition.

[C]Alowersurvivalrate.

[D]Adefectivegene.

56.WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate?

[AJWealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.

[B]Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor.

[C]Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.

[D]Indiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.

57.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause

[A]lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicaladvance

IB]thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendeclining

[Clourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolution

[D]thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisdisappearing

58.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

[A]SexRatioChangesinHumanEvolution

[B]WaysofContinuingMan'sEvolution

[C]TheEvolutionaryFutureofNature

[D]HumanEvolutionGoingNowhere

Text3

Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindout

whatitsadvocatesareaimingat,fbr,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheir

principlesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedas

normal.WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,for

whateverFuturistpoetrymaybe-evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbased

mayberight—itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.

This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays;foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehave

beenconditionallyspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolenceand

speed.Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughtsandemotionshaveundergonea

correspondingchange.Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresanewform

ofexpression.Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodern

stress.Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,or

qualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeup

wordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferentcoloredinkson

thesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill.

Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.Butitisalittleupsettingto

readintheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishand

aBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver—andthentofind

thatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:"Pluff!

Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.^^

This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetry,canhardlybe

classedasLiterature.Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirst

proposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.

Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?

59.Thispassageismainly.

[A]asurveyofnewapproachestoart

[B]areviewofFuturistpoetry

[C]aboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovement

[D]aboutlawsandrequirementsofliterature

60.Whenanovelliteraryideaappears,peopleshouldtryto

[A]determineitspuiposes

[B]ignoreitsflaws

[CJfollowthenewfashions

[D]accepttheprinciples

61.Futuristsclaimthatwemust.

[A]increasetheproductionofliterature

IB]usepoetrytorelievemodernstress

[C]developnewmodesofexpression

[D]avoidusingadjectivesandverbs

62.TheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetryis，

[A]basedonreasonableprinciples

[B]newandacceptabletoordinarypeople

[C]indicativeofbasicchangeinhumannature

[D]moreofatransientphenomenonthanliterature

Text4

AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityand

socialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.Butincreasinglythe

Japaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalwork-moralvalues.Tenyearsago

youngpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonforbeing,

butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon'tknow

wheretheyshouldgonext.

Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothe

male-dominatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealready

questioningtheheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJapan'srigidsocial

laddertogoodschoolsandjobs.Inarecentsurvey,itwasfoundthatonly24.5percent

ofJapanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwithschoollife,comparedwith67.2percent

ofstudentsintheUnitedStates.Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpressed

dissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheircounterpartsinthe10othercountries

surveyed.

Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japanese

educationtendstostresstesttakingandmechanicallearningovercreativityand

self-expression."Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthetestscores-personality,

ability,courageorhumanity-arecompletelyignored,saysToshikiKaifu,chairman

oftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty'seducationcommittee."Frustrationagainstthis

kindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild."LastyearJapanexperienced2,125

incidentsofschoolviolence,including929assaultsonteachers.Amidtheoutcry,many

conservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoraleducation.

LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhen

hearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafter

WorldWarIIhadweakenedthe"Japanesemoralityofrespectfbrparents.^^

ButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselife-styles.4tInJapan,nsayseducator

YokoMuro,"it'sneveraquestionofwhetheryouenjoyyourjobandyourlife,but

onlyhowmuchyoucanendure.,,Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization;fully

76percentofJapan's119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommunityandthe

extendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,two-generationhouseholds.

UrbanJapanesehavelongenduredlengthycommutes(travelstoandfromwork)and

crowdedlivingconditions,butastheoldgroupandfamilyvaluesweaken,the

discomfortisbeginningtotell.Inthepastdecade,theJapanesedivorcerate,whilestill

wellbelowthatoftheUnitedStates,hasincreasedbymorethan50percent,and

suicideshaveincreasedbynearlyone-quarter.

63.IntheWesterner'seyes,thepostwarJapanwas,

[A]underaimlessdevelopment

[B]apositiveexample

[C]arivaltotheWest

[D]onthedecline

64.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmaychieflyberesponsibleforthemoral

declineofJapanesesociety?

[A]Women'sparticipationinsocialactivitiesislimited.

[B]Moreworkersaredissatisfiedwiththeirjobs.

[C]Excessiveemphasishasbeenplacedonthebasics.

[DJThelife-stylehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternvalues.

65.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor?

[A]Japaneseeducationispraisedforhelpingtheyoungclimbthesocialladder.

[B]Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellas

creativity.

[C]Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationofcreativity.

ID]Droppingoutleadstofrustrationagainsttesttaking.

66.ThechangeinJapaneselife-styleisrevealedinthefactthat.

[AJtheyoungarelesstolerantofdiscomfortsinlife

[B]thedivorcerateinJapanexceedsthatintheU.S.

[C]theJapaneseenduremorethaneverbefore

[D]theJapaneseappreciatetheirpresentlife

Text5

Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambition—wealth,distinction,

controloverone'sdestiny—mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeon

ambition5sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidely

shared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselves

admired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducated

whohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthatthey

haveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambition—ifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheir

parentsandgrandparents.Thereisheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthe

barndoorafterthehorseshaveescaped—withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.

Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthan

formerly.Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWs—thelocations,placenamesand

namebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythana

decadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheir

dreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,

acquisitiveandvulgar.Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,which

nowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwitha

Southamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsin

three-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesof

life,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.Forsuchpeopleandmany

moreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,"Succeedatallcostsbut

avoidappearingambitious.”

Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublic

defendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.Asa

result,thesupportfbrambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixed

inthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.

Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirrings

andpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.

Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdriven

underground,ormadesly.Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,

ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnest

peopletryingtogetoninlife.

67.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif.

[A]itsreturnswellcompensateforthesacrifices

[B]itisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpower

[C]itsgoalsarespiritualratherthanmaterial

[D]itissharedbytherichandthefamous

68.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis

[A]customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwords

[B]toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout

[C]dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal

[D]impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition

69.Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause.

[A]theythinkofitasimmoral

[B]theirpursuitsarenotfameorwealth

[C]ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialbenefits

[D]theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandcontemptible

70.Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbe

maintained,

[A]secretlyandvigorously

[B]openlyandenthusiastically

[CJeasilyandmomentarily

[D]verballyandspiritually

2001年

Text1

Specializationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasing

accumulationofscientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmaller

units,onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisfor

furtherresearch.Butspecializationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsin

scienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.Anotherwasthegrowing

professionalisationofscientificactivity.

Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursin

science:exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Nevertheless,theword"amateur”does

carryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientific

communityand,inparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthof

specializationinthenineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,

morecomplextraining,impliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience.

Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyona

mathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopment

ofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.

AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalf

revealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoa

changingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thus,inthe

nineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheir

ownright;but,inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecome

acceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflecton,thewider

geologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedtopursuelocalstudies

intheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeological

journalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespread

introductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthen

byseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.Asalogicalconsequence

ofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseither

professionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledto

professionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,

whereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocome

togethernationallyinadifferentway.

Althoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecializationwasalreadywell

underwayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcentury,itsfullconsequenceswere

thusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerally,however,thenineteenth

centurymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureof

science.

51.Thegrowthofspecializationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyseen

insciencessuchas.

[A]sociologyandchemistry

IB]physicsandpsychology

[C]sociologyandpsychology

[D]physicsandchemistry

52.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.

IAJthereislittledistinctionbetweenspecializationandprofessionalisation

[B]amateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofscience

[C]professionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificcommunity

[D]amateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalones

53.Theauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologytodemonstrate.

[A]theprocessofspecializationandprofessionalisation

[B]thehardshipofamateursinscientificstudy

[C]thechangeofpoliciesinscientificpublications

[D]thediscriminationofprofessionalsagainstamateurs

54.Thedirectreasonforspecializationis

[A]thedevelopmentincommunication

IB]thegrowthofprofessionalisation

[C]theexpansionofscientificknowledge

[D]thesplittingupofacademicsocieties

Text2

Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide-the

divisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthatdivide

doesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.

Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworkagainst

thedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.

Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.Asthe

Internetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinessto

universalizeaccess-afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomers

thereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,want

tospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleon

theplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewill

narrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.Andthatisverygoodnewsbecausethe

Internetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe've

everhad.

Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn'ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.Andthe

Internetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.

Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetover

theiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countries

thatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudy

thehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnited

States.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn'thavethe

capitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica'sSecondWaveinfrastructure—including

roads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon—werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.The

English,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain'sformer

colony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthem

now?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBrazilor

anywhereelseforthatmatter.Themoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuild

yourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetter

offyou'regoingtobe.Thatdoesn'tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orletting

foreigncorporationsrununcontrolled.Butitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportant

theycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefull

advantageoftheInternet.

55.Digitaldivideissomething.

[A]gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet

[B]therichcountriesareresponsiblefor

[C]theworldmustguardagainst

ID]consideredpositivetoday

56.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit.

[A]offerseconomicpotentials

[B]canbringforeignfunds

[C]cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty

[DJconnectspeopleallovertheworld

57.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof

[A]providingfinancialsupportoverseas

[B]preventingforeigncapitaPscontrol

[Clbuildingindustrialinfrastructure

[D]acceptingforeigninvestment

58.Itseemsthatnowacountry'seconomydependsmuchon.

[A]howwelldevelopeditiselectronically

[B]whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants

[C]whetheritadoptsAmerica'sindustrialpattern

[D]howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations

Text3

WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?The

AmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.The

organizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibility

project.

Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsabout

factualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsof

head-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.

Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworld

throughasetofstandardtemplates(patterns)intowhichtheyplugeachday'sevents.

Inotherwords,thereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovides

abackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews.

Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaders,

whichhelpsexplainwhythe“standardtemplates“ofthenewsroomseemalientomany

readers.Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreportersinfivemiddle-size

citiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenresidentsinthese

communitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesamequestions.

RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelyto

livei