Unit 2 Sports culture Grammar and usage 語言點學(xué)案 高二英語牛津譯林版（2020）選擇性必修第二冊 -

Unit2SportscultureGrammar1.Mycheekswerered，andIcouldhearmyselfbreathingheavilyasIlookedupatthebluesky.我的臉頰通紅，抬頭仰望藍(lán)天時，我能聽到自己沉重的喘息聲。hear+賓語+賓補(bǔ)在hear復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓補(bǔ)通常由省略to的動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞充當(dāng)。（1）省略to的動詞不定式表示動作發(fā)生過或者經(jīng)常發(fā)生。Iheardhimsinginthenextroomlastnight.昨晚我聽見他在隔壁房間唱歌。IoftenhearDoristalkaboutheremotionallife.我經(jīng)常聽到多麗絲談?wù)撍母星樯?。?）現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，賓語與賓補(bǔ)是主動關(guān)系，表主動進(jìn)行。Iheardhimsinginginthenextroomat11o’clocklastnight.昨晚11點我聽到他在隔壁房間唱歌。Hardlyhadshesatdownwhensheheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.她還沒來得及坐下來，就聽到有人敲門。（3）過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，賓語與賓補(bǔ)是被動關(guān)系，表被動。Wecanhearthewindowsbeatenbytheraindrops.我們能聽到雨點敲打窗戶的聲音?！粽f明（1）除hear外還有一些動詞，如see，notice，watch，feel等，也可用省略to的動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Isawhimenterthehall.我看見他進(jìn)了大廳。Ilookedupandnoticedasnakewindingitswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.我抬頭一看，發(fā)現(xiàn)一條蛇正蜿蜒爬樹，準(zhǔn)備捕捉它的早餐。Assoonasheenteredtheoffice，henoticedhiscupbroken.他一進(jìn)辦公室就注意到他的杯子被打碎了。（2）省略to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，如變成被動句，應(yīng)加上to，這時不定式成為主語補(bǔ)足語；分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，如變成被動句，則不需要變化，可直接用作主語補(bǔ)足語。IheardthestudentssinganEnglishsong.我聽到學(xué)生們唱了一首英文歌?！鶷hestudentswereheardtosinganEnglishsong.IheardthestudentssinginganEnglishsong.我聽到學(xué)生們正在唱一首英文歌?！鶷hestudentswereheardsinginganEnglishsong.◆單句語法填空（1）Iwon’thearanything（say）againsthimbehindhisback.（2）Afteraknockatthedoor，thechildheardhismother’svoice（call）him.（3）Hesaidhestayedathomelastnight.Buthisfatherinsistedthatheheardhim__________（go）outateighto’clock.（4）Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproducts（develop）aftergreatefforts.2Sixweeksago，myfriendstoldmethatacityhalf-marathonforamateurswasbeingorganizedtohelpraisemoneyforcharity...六個星期前，我的朋友告訴我，一個業(yè)余愛好者的城市半程馬拉松正在組織，以幫助籌集慈善資金……amateurn.業(yè)余運(yùn)動員，業(yè)余愛好者；生手，外行adj.業(yè)余的（1）Thetournamentisopentobothamateursandprofessionals.這次錦標(biāo)賽業(yè)余選手和職業(yè)選手均可參加。Jerryisanamateurwhodancesbecausehelikesit.杰瑞是一位業(yè)余（舞蹈）愛好者，他跳舞是因為他喜歡。Thisworkwasdonebyabunchofamateurs!這項工作是一幫外行干的?。?）Angelasaysshelongstojoinanamateurdramaticsclass.安吉拉說她渴望參加業(yè)余戲劇班?！粽Z塊積累abunchofamateurs一幫外行anamateurphotographer業(yè)余攝影愛好者amateurathletics業(yè)余體育運(yùn)動◆單句語法填空（1）Hewasamateursingeruntiltheageof40，whenheturnedprofessional.（2）Iwon’tgivethemanymorework—they’reabunchof（amateur）.3Overthenextsixweeks，IgraduallyincreasedthedistanceIranineachtrainingsession...在接下來的六個星期里，我逐漸增加了每次訓(xùn)練的距離……graduallyadv.逐漸地，逐步地（→gradualadj.逐漸的，逐步的，漸進(jìn)的）（1）Gradually，apicturecameintoview.漸漸地，一幅圖畫映入眼簾。Inthegoodcareofthenurses，theboyisgraduallyrecoveringfromhisheartoperation.在護(hù)士的精心照料下，這個男孩在心臟手術(shù)之后正逐漸恢復(fù)。（2）Therehasbeenagradualimprovementinoursalesfiguresoverthelasttwoyears.在過去的兩年里，我們的銷售額在逐步上升?！粽Z塊積累deepenedgradually逐漸加深agradualchangeofclimate氣候的逐漸變化◆單句語法填空（1）（gradual），sherealizedthathewasn’ttellingherthetruth.（2）Electricitylinesto30，000homeswere（gradual）beingrestoredyesterday.sessionn.一段時間，一場；會議，開庭；學(xué)年（1）Thecourseismadeupof12two-hoursessions.這門課總共上12次，每次兩小時。（2）Thecommitteemetinclosedsession（=withnobodyelsepresent）.委員會舉行了秘密會議。Thecourtisnowinsession.法庭現(xiàn)在正在開庭?！粽Z塊積累aquestion-and-answersession問答時間aphoto/recording/trainingsession一次攝影課/一場錄音課/一堂訓(xùn)練課asessionoftheUNGeneralAssembly一屆聯(lián)合國大會insession在開庭；在開會summersessions暑期班◆單句語法填空（3）Aftertwolatenight（session），theSecurityCouncilhasfailedtoreachagreement.（4）FromSeptemberuntilDecember，Congressremainedsession.（5）The21-year-oldrunnertwistedhisankleintrainingsessionlastFriday.4Iranmyracerelaxedandconfident，eventhoughmylimitswerebeingtestedlikeneverbefore.我輕松自信地跑著比賽，盡管自己的極限正受到前所未有的考驗。形容詞（短語）作主語補(bǔ)足語Wewenthomefromschool，tiredandhungry.我們從學(xué)?；氐郊遥掷塾逐I。Helefthomewithoutaword，determinednevertoreturn.他一句話沒說就離開了家，決定再也不回去了。Crusoestaredatthedeadboy，fulloffear.克魯索盯著死去的男孩，充滿了恐懼。Yourfriendcomestoschoolveryupset.你的朋友來上學(xué)時心煩意亂。Shesatthere，silent.她坐在那兒，一聲不吭。◆說明形容詞的上述用法還可理解為形容詞（短語）作狀語，表示伴隨、讓步或結(jié)果等，該形容詞（短語）的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。Theyspentsevendaysinthewindandsnow，coldandhungry.他們又冷又餓地在風(fēng)雪中度過了七天。（伴隨）Unhappy，shereturnedtowork.盡管不高興，她還是回去工作了。（讓步）Thedogfelldown，dead.那條狗倒下，死了。（結(jié)果）◆單句語法填空（1）（devote）andunited，ChinesepeopleareworkingforanewChina.（2）（lose）inthought，healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.limitn.限度，限制；限量，限額；界限vt.限制，限定；限量，減量（→limitedadj.有限的limitlessadj.無限的）（1）Evenbelowthedrinkinglimit，drivingwillbeaffected.即使是低于飲酒限度，開車也會受到影響。Thereisalimittotheamountofpainwecanbear.我們能忍受的疼痛是有限度的。TheEUhassetstrictlimitsonlevelsofpollution.歐盟對污染程度作了嚴(yán)格的限制。Hetriedmypatiencetoitslimits.他把我的耐心逼到了極限。I’mwillingtohelp，withinlimits.我愿意幫忙，可是有一定限度。Theamountofmoneyyouhavetospendwilllimityourchoice.你要消費(fèi)的金額限制著你的選擇。Familiesarelimitedtofourfreeticketseach.每戶限發(fā)四張免費(fèi)票。（3）Wearedoingourbestwiththelimitedresourcesavailable.我們用可獲得的有限資源在盡最大的努力。Ifyouhaveastrongabilitytolearn，therearealmostlimitlesspossibilities.如果你有強(qiáng)大的學(xué)習(xí)力，你就有幾乎無限的可能?！粽Z塊積累（1）alimitto...對……的限制setlimitson...對……加以限制thetime/speed/agelimit時間/速度/年齡限制withinlimits在某種范圍內(nèi)；適度地thecitylimits市區(qū)范圍withinatwenty-milelimit20英里范圍內(nèi)（2）measurestolimitcarbondioxideemissions限制二氧化碳排放的措施limit...to...把……限制在……◆單句語法填空（3）Thereisnolimithowmuchfreshfruityoucaneatinaday.（4）The（limit）ofaperson’sintelligencearefixedatbirth，butwhetherhereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.（5）Don’tbeafraidtosetlimitstheamountoftimespentinfrontofthecomputerortheTV.（6）Yourorderwillbedeliveredfreeofchargeaten-milelimit.（7）I’velimitedmyself1，000caloriesadaytoloseweight.（8）Ibelieveteachingshouldnot（limit）totheclassroom.（9）Thisdictionaryusesa（limit）numberofwordsaround2，000，initsdefinitions.5Then，wetookourplaceatthetableandquicklystartedtoarrangethebottlesandcupssothattheylookedlikeanarmyofsoldiersstandinginlineforinspection.然后，我們在桌子旁坐下，迅速開始整理瓶子和杯子，讓它們看起來像一隊士兵站成一排接受檢查。sothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句sothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，意思是“所以，結(jié)果”，表示從句動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。Headjustedhispace，sothathissoncaughtupwithhim.他調(diào)整了步伐，所以他兒子趕上了他。Wepaidhimimmediatelysothatheleftcontented.我們立即付錢給他，結(jié)果他滿意地走了?！粽f明（1）sothat也可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，意思是“為了，以便”，表示目的，從句動作尚未成為現(xiàn)實，此時相當(dāng)于inorderthat，從句中常有will，would，can，could，may，might等情態(tài)動詞。Wepaidhimimmediatelysothat/inorderthathewouldleavecontented.我們立即付錢給他，以便讓他滿意地離去。（2）sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句只能用于主句之后，inorderthat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句還可以置于句首。Inorderthathecouldfindagetawayonthemap，heputonhisglasses.為了在地圖上找到適合度假的地方，他戴上了眼鏡?！粲胹othat/inorderthat填空（1）Hesatatthecornerhesurvivedtheaccident.（2）wecouldgettothecompanyontime，thebosstooksomemeasures.（3）Hegraspedherarmfirmlyshecouldavoidfallingofftheladder.6...whileIdidn’tfeelthatIhadastrongconstitutiontorunthatfar，Ithoughtthenextbestthingwouldbetohelpthosewhocould.……雖然我覺得自己的體質(zhì)不夠強(qiáng)壯，跑不了那么遠(yuǎn)，但我想退而求其次的辦法是幫助那些有能力的人。constitutionn.體質(zhì)，身體素質(zhì)；憲法，章程Hemusthaveanextremelystrongconstitution.他肯定有極為強(qiáng)健的體格。AccordingtotheAmericanConstitution，presidentialelectionsareheldeveryfouryears.依據(jù)美國憲法，總統(tǒng)大選每四年舉行一次?！粽Z塊積累haveahealthy/strong/weakconstitution體質(zhì)健康/強(qiáng)壯/虛弱therighttovoteundertheconstitution根據(jù)憲法所擁有的選舉權(quán)accordingtotheconstitution...依照憲法……7CathyandIquicklypouredwaterintothecupsforthem.我和卡西趕緊把水倒進(jìn)杯子里給他們喝。pourvt.&vi.倒，斟；傾倒，倒出；涌流，傾瀉；下大雨；不斷涌向（1）Iwasinthekitchen，pouringoutdrinks.我在廚房里倒飲料。I’vepouredacupofteaforyou.我給你倒了一杯茶。Let’sseeifIcanpourthejuiceintotheglasswithoutspillingit.咱們看看我能不能把果汁倒進(jìn)玻璃杯里而不把它灑出來吧。AlthoughIpoureditcarefully，Istillmanagedtospillsome.盡管我倒得很小心，還是灑了一些。（2）Tearspoureddownhischeeks.眼淚順著他的面頰簌簌地落下。Thickblacksmokewaspouringoutoftheroof.黑色濃煙從屋頂滾滾冒出。Shepouredouthertroublestomeoveracupofcoffee.她一面喝著咖啡，一面向我傾吐著她的煩惱。Theraincontinuedtopourdown.大雨嘩嘩地下個不停。