大學(xué)英語四級(jí)詞匯串講p

大學(xué)英語四級(jí)詞匯串講p第一頁，共55頁。課程結(jié)構(gòu)四級(jí)改革．動(dòng)詞詞組與短語相關(guān)練習(xí)形近詞同義詞近義詞比較背單詞，四級(jí)考點(diǎn)四級(jí)詞匯分段記憶記憶單詞的方法與捷徑科學(xué)背單詞第二頁，共55頁。I.關(guān)于四級(jí)的改革2005年6月18日是舊題型的最后一次考試2006年1月和6月不是試點(diǎn)院校的學(xué)院還參加舊題型的考試。2007年1月正式的四級(jí)改革開始實(shí)行詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)改革后不直接考了,而在閱讀、聽力、寫作、完型等題型中去考

第三頁，共55頁?！叭绻麤]有語法就很難表達(dá)思想，那么，沒有詞匯就什么也不能表達(dá)。”----D.A.Wilkins詞匯是語言的建筑材料，是學(xué)習(xí)語言的根本（聽、說、讀、寫、譯）。改革后的新試題，題量大，閱讀量大，需要掌握的詞匯量也大。無論考不考詞匯，單詞都必須背!

BACK第四頁，共55頁。II.如何背單詞、四級(jí)考點(diǎn)4200-4500個(gè)單詞及這些詞構(gòu)成的常用詞組(1000左右)背單詞的過程中要抓住四級(jí)出題規(guī)律，背誦高頻詞匯。非核心:1800-2000單詞(中學(xué)已經(jīng)掌握)核心:常出現(xiàn)的是2000-2500個(gè)單詞

BACK第五頁，共55頁。四級(jí)詞匯分段記憶出現(xiàn)頻率特別高（10個(gè)字母）a:ab-/ac-/ad-/as-/at-s:su-/st-t:trans-/te-/tr-c:con-/com-/col-/cor-/co-r:re-i:im-/in-/il-/ir-contributionlegal—illegal

regular--irregularabandon,access,addition,attention,assist,addresstransfer,transform,transportpolite—impolitepatient—impatientport—importaccurate--inaccurate第六頁，共55頁。b:p:-pro/-pree:-ex/-end:-de/-dis2.從來不考的z:/x:/q:j:justify(從來沒被選中過)y:yield(yieldto屈服，讓步)k:(考過3次)

3.其它單詞可放在閱讀中記憶

BACKprogress(‘walk’)preview(‘see’)exportexitrich-enrichlarge-enlargeable-enabledanger-endangertitle-entitledisagreedistribute第七頁，共55頁?？茖W(xué)背單詞1)花大量時(shí)間記憶單詞----“重復(fù)是記憶之母”每天至少背100個(gè)單詞，分成三段1)認(rèn)知單詞（30秒內(nèi)能反應(yīng)出單詞意思）2)學(xué)會(huì)單詞拼寫3)直達(dá)詞義，不用再切換到漢語意思7天一個(gè)時(shí)間段第一天背100個(gè)，第二天復(fù)習(xí)前100個(gè)，再加上新單詞100個(gè)—200個(gè)第七天就不用再記新的單詞了，仔細(xì)復(fù)習(xí)前6天的單詞一個(gè)月左右2500左右重點(diǎn)單詞就可以背下來了！第八頁，共55頁。2)在閱讀中鞏固和復(fù)習(xí)單詞e.g.waterabottleofwaterTherearemanywatersinthisarea.Thegardenneedswatering.WhenIsawdeliciousfood,Iwatered.employDuringtheexamination,youcan’temployyourdictionary.

BACKＶ．流口水第九頁，共55頁。Theworldarelikeeels.Theyaretooslipperytobekeptinourmemory.第十頁，共55頁。背單詞的捷徑編故事記單詞e.g.(1)scream(2)innocent(3)family(4)qualityquantity(5)adoptadapt(6)ash/bush/cash/abash/crash/clash/smash(7)euthanasia驚聲尖叫無辜的，清白的Fatherandmother,I

loveyou.質(zhì)量數(shù)量采納，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)適應(yīng)碰撞，撞擊（飛機(jī)）墜毀慚愧打碎，變成碎片安樂死第十一頁，共55頁。詞根、詞綴記憶法1)able:e.g.

enable,unable,ability,capable2)act:todo,todrivee.g.

action,actor,actress,active,activity,activate,actual,exact,reactor,interact,transaction3)part:toseparatee.g.

parcel,partly,partial,partner,party,participate,participant,particle,particular,apart,apartment,department,compartment,depart第十二頁，共55頁。dis-:dislike,disgust,distaste,disorder,distributeen-:enable,entitle,enrich,enlargeim-/-in:con-/-com-ir/-il常見的前綴:第十三頁，共55頁。常見的后綴：-ize:realize,recognize-ify:identify,justify,classify,personify,satisfy-ate(v.):coordinate,illustrate-tion(n.):contribution,implication,imagination,illustration-sion(n.):discussion-ment(n.):treatment,establishment-ity:prosperity,identity(IDcard)-ee:employee-er:employer第十四頁，共55頁。secretarydiseasecommitteetestee/testerbigamy第十五頁，共55頁。意群記憶1）“物質(zhì)世界”物質(zhì)的最小成分：atom,particle宇宙太空：universe,solar,lunar最小單位基因：protein,gene,cell水生動(dòng)物：fish,shellfish爬行動(dòng)物：reptile,insect飛行動(dòng)物：bird哺乳動(dòng)物：mammal猿類：monkey第十六頁，共55頁。2)“人類社會(huì)”皇家：royalty,dynasty,dictator貴族：nobleman,landlord政府：government,official,administrate選舉：election,vote立法：congress,assembly,legislative動(dòng)蕩：disorder,uprising,revolution警察：police,officer監(jiān)獄：jail,prison武裝：army,armedforces戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)：war,weapon,surrender,defeat,victory和平：peace,treaty

第十七頁，共55頁。大家可以隨時(shí)隨地根據(jù)某一信息聯(lián)想記憶單詞，比如：一個(gè)人騎車走在街上就可以聯(lián)想到：bicycle,truck,car,vehicle,bus,traffic(jam,light),rushhours,highway,freeway,zebralines,cement,sidewalk,underpass,road,passenger,shops,fence等一個(gè)人到醫(yī)院又能聯(lián)想到：hospital,doctor,nurse,ward,medicine,cure,treatment,injection,illness,clinic等。第十八頁，共55頁。記憶單詞生活化robustrejoicewithdraw/deposit/accountingredient/salt/sugar/pepper/vegetableoilbreezeBuckleup,please.第十九頁，共55頁。III.同義詞、近義詞含義比較固定詞伙關(guān)系（固定搭配/約定成俗）看書read看電視watch看電影see看黑板lookat第二十頁，共55頁。學(xué)知識(shí):learnknowledge學(xué):possess/acquire/obtain/gain/master知識(shí):skill/intellectualdepth/perspective/horizon/insight/wisdom×第二十一頁，共55頁。Owingto_____competitionamongtheairlines,travelexpenseshavebeenreducedconsiderably.A.fierceBeagerCstrainedDcritical

fierce(動(dòng)作非常激烈)：猛烈的，激烈的。常用的固定詞伙關(guān)系是：fiercecompetitioneager:熱中,渴望strained:緊崩的，拉緊的critical:一起搭配的常用becriticalof“對(duì)…進(jìn)行批評(píng),挑剔”

Thedirectorwascritical______thewayweweredoingthework.AatBinCofDwith相當(dāng)大地Apierce：v.猛戳，猛刺入strain：要求超過極限所造成的緊張。tension:緊繃的狀態(tài)或緊張的局勢(shì)第二十二頁，共55頁。包含關(guān)系(A包含B，選A)(2)Hiswifeisconstantlyfinding______withhim,whichmakeshimveryangry.AerrorsBshortcomingsCfaultDflaw

errors:mistakes/sth.donewronglyfault:錯(cuò)(人的性格、行為或習(xí)慣上的缺點(diǎn))shortcomings:(反:merits)指在學(xué)校老師作評(píng)語時(shí)給出的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。flaw:指物體或材料上的瑕疵

C第二十三頁，共55頁。指代關(guān)系(3)Therewasabigholeintheroadwhich_____thetraffic.AsetbackBstoodbackCheldupDkeptdownSetback:推遲、推延、阻礙（時(shí)間概念上的）

setabout+doing著手、開始做某事setout+todo著手、開始做某事setdown:takedown/putdown/writedownsetoff:出發(fā)，離開，起程=setoutsetup安裝，創(chuàng)立，建立setaside把…留出holdup支撐、推遲、推延、阻礙(具體概念上的)standback后退keepdown控制

Havingdecidedtorentaflat,we___contactingalltheaccommodationagenciesinthecity.AsetaboutBsetoutCsetdownDsetupThecontinuousrain___theharvestingofwheatcropbytwoweeks.C第二十四頁，共55頁。詞性Manydifficultieshave_______asaresultofthechangeovertoanewtypeoffuel.ArisenBarisenCraisedDarrived

不及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞“提高，提升，飼養(yǎng)，撫養(yǎng)”raisetheflagraisechildren太陽、旗幟、水位等的上升（具體概念）指抽象概念（問題、麻煩、新的局面等）的一種出現(xiàn)B四級(jí)詞匯里還有一個(gè)表示“上升”的詞：soar(通常表示毫不費(fèi)勁地上升到很高的高度)第二十五頁，共55頁。詞根、詞綴的關(guān)系(5)Thereweresome______flowersonthetable.AartificialBunnaturalCfalseDunrealartificial:人造的，人為的(artifactn.人工制品，加工品)artificiallegartificialleather(genuineleather)unnatural:形容人的行為舉止不自然；不正常的abirdofunnaturalsizefalse:假（具有欺騙性的）falsepassport/falsehair/falseteethunreal:虛幻的（不是真實(shí)世界所擁有的）unrealworld

A第二十六頁，共55頁。Morepractice(6)Thisticket_____youtoafreemealinournewrestaurant.AgivesBgrantsCentitlesDcreditsgivesb.sth.givesth.tosb.1)grantsb.sth正式授予e.g.Shegrantedmeonemao.(錯(cuò))2)資助3)takesth.forgranted1)entitlesb.tosth.2)entitlesb.todosth.使某人有得到某事的權(quán)利1)學(xué)分2)greditcard3)greditAtoB把A歸咎于Be.g.creditthecaraccidenttothedriver’scarelessnessC第二十七頁，共55頁。(7)Aseasonticket______theholdertomakeasmanyjourneyashewisheswithinthestatedperiodoftime.AentitleBgrantsCpresentsDpromises“贈(zèng)與，給與”misesb.sth.A第二十八頁，共55頁。(8)Everyoneshouldbe_____toadecentstandardoflivingandanopportunitytobeeducated.AattributedBentitledCidentifiedDjustifiedattributeto歸因于identifysth.withsth.將…東西與…東西認(rèn)為是相同的證明,表明B第二十九頁，共55頁。(9)Shecooledthemeatforalongtimesoastomakeit____enoughtoeat.AmildBslightClightDtender溫柔的(gentle)吃的東西不辣的輕微的,少許的e.g.Aslightestchangeoftheschedulemayaffecteveryone.light反:heavy(rain)清淡的,容易消化的(肉)嫩的Wild粗野的，野蠻的Wildanimal,wildhorse,wildflowershotspicy第三十頁，共55頁。(10)Whenpeoplebecomeunemployed,itis____whichisoftenworsethanlackofwages.AlazinessBpovertyCidlenessDinabilitylazybones懶骨頭貧窮,窮困poor無能力idle:閑置的,閑逛(的),游手好閑e.g.idlecapitalidleawaysometime虛度光陰killtime

C第三十一頁，共55頁。(11)Pleasebecarefulwhenyouaredrinkingcoffeeincaseyou____thenewcarpet.AcrashBpolluteCspotDstain

BACKcrash表示飛機(jī)的失事wreck輪船的失事accident汽車的車禍Thestrongstormdidalotofdamagetothecoastalvillages:severalfishingboatswere____andmanyhousescollapsed.AwreckedBspoiledCtornDinjuredinjure:在事故中受傷wound:(刀、槍等）傷hurt:(感情、情感的）傷n.污點(diǎn)，污跡(點(diǎn)狀)v.使…有污點(diǎn)spotteddogspit—spotchop—chip弄臟,染色(片狀污跡)D第三十二頁，共55頁。IV.形近詞(1)NiagaraFallsisagreattourist______,drawingmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.AattentionBattractionCappointmentDarrangementPayattentiontotractor:拖拉機(jī)attraction:吸引力attractone’sattention正式約會(huì)KeepappointmentBreakappointment男女之間的約會(huì)：date第三十三頁，共55頁。(2)Therainwasheavyand_____thelandwasflooded.

AconsequentlyBcontinuouslyCconstantlyDconsistently

相當(dāng)于therefore,比較正式，一般在句首連續(xù)地（沒有間斷性）continually連續(xù)地（有間斷性，時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)的）“始終如一地，恒定地;總是”固定詞伙：恒溫constanttemperature“一貫地”固定詞伙：consistentpolicylightrainraincatsanddogsA第三十四頁，共55頁。(3)Ihatepeoplewho_____theendofafilmthatyouhaven’tseenbefore.AreviseBrewriteCrevealDreverseRe-:againrewrite=writeagainreviewreviseRe-:backreturnrejectreverse(轉(zhuǎn))：顛倒揭示，揭露A第三十五頁，共55頁。(4)Don’t______thisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.AreleaseBrelieveCrelateDretainreleasesth.tosb.“向某人發(fā)布、發(fā)行”固定詞伙：releaseenergy減輕痛苦、憂慮等relieveyourpain/worryn.relief固定搭配：toone’srelief使某人寬慰的是relatesth.tosth.在思想或意義上與…有聯(lián)系berelatedto保持，保留A第三十六頁，共55頁。(5)Thetwentiethcenturyhaswitnessedanenormousworldwidepolitical,economicandcultural_____.

AtraditionBtransportationCtransmissionDtransformation

傳送,播送transmitv.第三十七頁，共55頁。(6)Therewerenotickets_____forFriday’sperformance.

ApreferableBconsiderableCpossibleDavailable可得到的,可應(yīng)用的,可獲得的Thedictionaryisavailable.Themanagerisavailable.Thereisnoroom(available)inourhotel.Considerv.Considerable:值得考慮的,可觀的,量大的Considerate:考慮周到的--prefer(vt.)喜歡--prefertodo--prefertodo…ratherthan(to)do寧愿…而不愿--prefersth.tosth./preferdoingtodoing(prefercoffeetotea)DPreferable:更合適的,更喜歡的具有比較意義的形容詞(不能與more,than,-er連用):superiorto優(yōu)于----inferiortosecondto僅次于(I’msecondtonone.)Sensitiveto對(duì)…感到敏感第三十八頁，共55頁。(7)Itissaidthatthemathteacherseems_____towardsbrightstudents.ApartialBbeneficialCpreferableDliable

偏愛的partialto/towardsimpartialto/towards不偏不倚的benefitfromliabletosth.遭遇到某事A第三十九頁，共55頁。(8)SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpecttopickupwonderful_______inthemarket.AbatteriesBbargainsCbasketsDbarrels裝液體的大木桶便宜貨，討價(jià)還價(jià)打折discount20%discountv.bargainwithsb.與某人討價(jià)還價(jià)bargainaboutsth.就…討價(jià)還價(jià)B第四十頁，共55頁。(9)Rememberthatcustomersdon’t_____aboutpricesinthatcity.AdebateBconsultCdisputeDbargain

辯論，辯論會(huì)咨詢consultant顧問反駁beyonddispute無可爭(zhēng)辯D第四十一頁，共55頁。(10)Theneighborhoodboysliketoplaybasketballonthe_____lot.AvalidBvainCvacantDvague具有法律效力的沒人占用而空,暫時(shí)沒有充滿而空反:occupiedempty空空如也,什么也沒有invain徒勞,白費(fèi)力氣含糊不清的第四十二頁，共55頁。(11)Althoughtheyplanttreesinthisareeveryyear,thetopsofsomehillsarestill_____.AblankBhollowCvacantDbare因?yàn)闆]寫字而空中空的、空心的反：solid光禿禿的（一般形容土地）bald光頭D第四十三頁，共55頁。V.動(dòng)詞詞組及短語turnTurndown將音量關(guān)小，拒絕Turnup把音量開大；出現(xiàn)Turnout結(jié)果是、證明；生產(chǎn)Turnover移交，轉(zhuǎn)交（沒有方向性）Turnto求助于，參考Turnin交給，上交Thiscompanyhasturnedout100cars.takeover接管handover交給，遞給Referto第四十四頁，共55頁。makeMakeoutMakefor朝…走去Makeoff匆匆地離開某地,逃走M(jìn)akeupMakeit=succeedindoingsth.(聽力中常出現(xiàn))Makeupfor彌補(bǔ),補(bǔ)償LeaveforShanghai.Makeformyoffice.組成,構(gòu)成+數(shù)字/百分比bemadeupof組成,構(gòu)成(被動(dòng))補(bǔ)考緩考第四十五頁，共55頁。takeTakeafter在外貌,性格等方面與父母相象Takeapart(將大型機(jī)器)分解，拆開Takeback收回=withdrawTakedown記下,寫下Takeeffect生效Takeeffectivesteps/measures采取有效措