高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)Module5GreatPeopleandGreat

Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChina(主題語(yǔ)境——人與社會(huì)之科學(xué)與技術(shù)：對(duì)社會(huì)有突出貢獻(xiàn)的人物)1．dynastyn.朝代2.emperorn.皇帝3．queenn.女王；王后4.slaveryn.奴隸制度5．battlen.戰(zhàn)斗；戰(zhàn)斗6.ancestorn.先人7．originn.發(fā)源；由來(lái)8.weapon.武器n9．a(chǎn)ggressionn.侵略10.revolution.革命n11．uprising.起義12.incident.事變nn13．invadev.侵略14.occupyvt.攻克；忙于15．sacrificev.犧牲16.betrayvt.出賣；泄漏(機(jī)密)17．escapev.逃跑；逃脫18.feudaladj.封建(制度)的19．a(chǎn)ncientadj.古代的20．primitiveadj.原始的；太古的21．historicadj.歷史上有名(或重要)的22．historicaladj.與歷史有關(guān)的；史學(xué)的23．independencen.獨(dú)立24.independentadj.獨(dú)立的25．slaveryn.奴隸制度26.pyramidn.金字塔27．periodn.時(shí)期；時(shí)代28.stableadj.堅(jiān)固的；堅(jiān)固的29．popularityn.受歡迎；流行30．a(chǎn)utomaticadj.自動(dòng)的1．playarolein在中起作用2．onceuponatime以前3．serveas充任，擔(dān)當(dāng)；起的作用4．a(chǎn)saconsequenceof

因?yàn)?．leadamiserablelife

過(guò)著難過(guò)的生活6．setup

成立；建立7．heartandsoul

一心一意地8．a(chǎn)tthebeginning/startof

在開(kāi)始時(shí)9．bedevotedto致力于，專注于10．inthecourseof在時(shí)期，在過(guò)程中11．votefor/against投票，支持/反對(duì)12．onbehalfof代表13．cometopower登臺(tái)執(zhí)政14．inthelongrun從長(zhǎng)久來(lái)看15．declarewaron...對(duì)宣戰(zhàn)16．beknownas作為而有名17．beconsideredas被認(rèn)為是18．ofalltime有史以來(lái)；向來(lái)19．beinpower執(zhí)政，當(dāng)權(quán)20．inpeace

和平1．ZhengHe,

anexplorerinMingDynasty,

ismyfavoritefigureinChinesehistory.鄭和是明朝的一位探險(xiǎn)家，他是我最喜愛(ài)的中國(guó)歷史人物。2．ConfuciusisconsideredasthegreatestoftheancientChinesesages.孔子被認(rèn)為是古代中國(guó)最偉大的賢人。and

3．Heholdsthebeliefthathowimportantberesponsibleforhisownacts.

itwastostandonhisown

twofeet他相信腳扎實(shí)地和對(duì)自己行為負(fù)責(zé)的重要性。4．Bybeingdevotedtowhathedoesnomatterhowboringitis,hesetsagoodexampletous.不論事情有多乏味，他都會(huì)渾身心地去做所做之事，為我們建立一個(gè)好楷模。5．Owingtothefactthathecandowhateverhehaschosentodowithgreatperseverance,hehasmadegreatachievementsinmanyfields.因?yàn)樗軌驁?jiān)韌不拔地做他所選擇做的任何事情，因此他在好多領(lǐng)域都獲得了巨大成就。單詞巧練寫準(zhǔn)并記牢Ⅰ.識(shí)記單詞(一)會(huì)其形1．teachingn.(常作復(fù)數(shù))教育；學(xué)說(shuō)2.thinkern.思想家3．principlen.原則；準(zhǔn)則4.positionn.職位5．stressvt.重申6.resignvi.離職7．kindnessn.和善8.loven.博愛(ài)9．softadj.柔嫩的10.fueln.燃料11．conditionn.情況；條件；環(huán)境(二)知其意1．philosopher.哲學(xué)家2.philosophy.哲學(xué)nn3．a(chǎn)dviser.顧問(wèn)4.bark.樹(shù)皮nn5．leather.皮革6.monk.和尚nn7．categoryn.范圍；種類8.sutran.(佛教的)經(jīng)Ⅱ.拓展單詞1．equaladj.同樣的；相等的v.比得上→equalityn.相等；同樣→equallyadv.同樣地；相等地2．importancen.重要；重要性→importantadj.重要的3．ordern.次序→orderlyadj.整齊的；有次序的4．influentialadj.有影響的→influencen．&v.影響5．honestyn.誠(chéng)實(shí)→honestadj.誠(chéng)實(shí)的6．justicen.公正→justadj.公正的7．contributionn.貢獻(xiàn)→contributevi.貢獻(xiàn)；促成；造成8．inventvt.發(fā)明→inventionn.發(fā)明→inventorn.發(fā)明家9．a(chǎn)rgument

n.

爭(zhēng)辯；爭(zhēng)辯；談?wù)摗?/p>

argue

vi

.

爭(zhēng)辯；爭(zhēng)辯；提出原由；說(shuō)服10．freedom

n.

自由→free

adj.

自由的；安閑的；免費(fèi)的高考與教材1.(2019·北京卷)Andhestressedtheimportance(important)ofworkingwithourownhands.2．(2019·北京卷)Bythetimeshewas13，hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinvention(invent)ofasuper-sweettreatthatcouldsavekids'teeth，insteadofdestroyingthem.3．(2018·北京卷)Iwasproudtomakecontributions(contribute)tospreadChineseculture.4．(2017·江蘇卷)Leavingasidethebirthrateissue,India'soffwhenthecountryachievesequality(equal)ofeducationalopportunity.

economymaytake5．(2017·江蘇卷)Wearetherefore

nottalking

aboutadaptingtoanewstandard,buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions(condition)

．6．(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)If

youfeelstressed

(stress)

byresponsibilities

atwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify

(辨別)thoseofgreater

andlessimportance.1．易混單詞先辨清①principle原則principal校長(zhǎng)tissue組織issue問(wèn)題；刊行③affect影響effect結(jié)果dessert甜點(diǎn)desert舍棄borrow借sorrow沉痛wander閑步wonder想知道2．名詞后綴-ness大觀園kindness和善②blindness盲目③darkness黑暗④weakness衰弱⑤loneliness孤獨(dú)⑥awareness意識(shí)3．以-y結(jié)尾的名詞一覽honesty誠(chéng)實(shí)②difficulty困難③modesty謙遜discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)delivery送達(dá)；交托⑥safety安全短語(yǔ)巧練寫準(zhǔn)并記牢1.agree_with贊同；與符合；合適(某人)2．be_at_war_with與開(kāi)戰(zhàn)3．bring_up養(yǎng)育；撫育4．become/be_interested_in對(duì)感興趣5．a(chǎn)_sense_of_responsibility責(zé)任感6．be_proud_of為驕傲7．in_conclusion總之8．for_the_first_time第一次高考與教材1.(2018·江蘇卷)In_conclusion,_weshouldgiveasecondthoughttotheseratingsbeforebuyingsomeproductsorservices.2．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)“Moreinteresting,therearehundredsofCanadianswhoare_interested_inchangingtheirnametoElizabethGallagher.”Axanisaid.3．(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Onemorning,Ihadtobookanimmediateflighthomeforafamilyemergency.IranintoRani'sofficefor_the_first_time.1．“at＋n.”短語(yǔ)薈萃atwar處于開(kāi)戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)②atpeace處于和平狀態(tài)③athand在手邊④atwork在工作⑤atrest

在歇息⑥attable

在吃飯atrisk處境危險(xiǎn)；遭到危險(xiǎn)⑧atsea在航海；茫然⑨atlength

最后；終于⑩atschool

在上學(xué)2．sense有關(guān)短語(yǔ)優(yōu)選①asenseofresponsibility責(zé)任感inasense從某種意義上來(lái)說(shuō)③innosense/way決不makesense講得通；存心義⑤makesenseof

理解；弄懂⑥asenseofdirection/humor

方向感/風(fēng)趣感3．up

短語(yǔ)全接觸①buildup

漸漸加強(qiáng)；成立②hangup

掛起來(lái)；掛斷電話③pickup

撿起；學(xué)會(huì)④dressup

穿上盛裝；妝扮句式仿寫寫準(zhǔn)并記牢1.theway作先行詞，省略Treatothersintheway

that/inwhich的定語(yǔ)從句youwanttobetreated.己所不欲，勿施于人。2．thereasonwhy...

isthat...

“的原由是Menciusbelievedthat

thereasonwhy

manisdifferentfromanimals

isthatmanisgood.孟子認(rèn)為人差別于動(dòng)物的原由就在于人性本善。3．“do/does/did＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示重申However,wedoknowthatin1092ADheinventedthefirstrealclock.但是，我們確實(shí)知道在公元1092年，他發(fā)了然第一個(gè)真實(shí)的鐘表。高考與教材1.(2019·天津卷)這些詞聽(tīng)起來(lái)很優(yōu)雅，我深受激勵(lì)。Iwasextremelyinspiredbytheelegantwaythe_words_sounded.2．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)我確實(shí)相信你會(huì)玩得很高興的。Ido_havetheconfidencethatyouwillhaveagreattime.3．(2011·陜西卷)學(xué)校里的一些全優(yōu)學(xué)生在社會(huì)上沒(méi)有像他們預(yù)期的那樣成功，原由是來(lái)自他們父親母親的壓力讓他們幾乎沒(méi)有時(shí)間做其余的事情。The_reason_whysomeall-Astudentsinschoolhaveturnedoutnottobeassuccessfulinsocietyastheywereexpectedis_thatthepressurefromtheir

parentsallowsthemalmostnotimeforotheractivities.高頻詞匯精講1．equaladj.同樣的；相等的；勝任的

vt.

等于；比得上

n．同樣的人；相等的物Allhumanbeingsareequal.全部的人都是同樣的。(1)equal...with...

把與等同(2)beequalto(doing)sth.

等于；能勝任

(做)某事beequalwith

與同樣equalsb./sth.in(doing)sth.

在(做)某事方面比得過(guò)/敵得過(guò)某人

/某物withoutequal

無(wú)與倫比(3)equality

n.

相等；同樣equallyadv.相等地；同樣地[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]表示“勝任”的其余常有表達(dá)：①beupto②befitfor③bequalifiedfor單句語(yǔ)法填空Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequally(equal)important.Foranother,bepositiveandcheerful,foryourmentalhealthisequaltoyourphysicalhealth.Noteveryoneisequaltodoing(do)thetaskbecauseitcallsforspecialskillsandmuchpatience.補(bǔ)全句子Suchstupidityiswithout_equalintheentirehistoryofhumanrelations.這樣愚笨的行為在整個(gè)人際關(guān)系史上找不出第二個(gè)。2．ordern．次序；序次；命令；訂購(gòu)；點(diǎn)菜Hestressedtheimportanceofkindness,dutyand

vt.

命令；訂購(gòu)；點(diǎn)(飯菜)orderinsociety.他重申了博愛(ài)、責(zé)任和社會(huì)次序的重要性。(1)inorderof

以的次序inorder

有條不紊；適合的；穩(wěn)當(dāng)?shù)膐utoforder

序次顛倒；發(fā)生故障placeanorderforsth.(withsb.)(

向某人)訂購(gòu)某物(2)ordersb.todosth.

命令某人做某事orderthat...(should)do

命令(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空Ordered(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.②I'dliketoplace

anorderforsometeawithyourcompany.③Hewasasbusyasabeetryingtoputthehouse

inorder.④Ican'tmakeacall,asourtelephoneisout

oforder.(2)句型變換Thedoctororderedmetotakearestforamonth.→ThedoctororderedthatI

(should)_take_a_restforamonth.3．stressvt.Hestressed

重申；施壓于；使緊張n.壓力；重音；重申theimportanceofkindness,dutyandorderinsociety.他重申了博愛(ài)、責(zé)任和社會(huì)次序的重要性。(1)stresstheimportanceof

重申的重要性u(píng)nderstress

在壓力之下underthestressof在壓力下；為所迫lay/put/placestresson重申；把重點(diǎn)放在上(2)stressfuladj.壓力大的；緊張的stressedadj.憂慮不安的；心力交瘁的單句語(yǔ)法填空Fatheralwaysputsalotofstressongoodtablemanners.②Nowadaysmoreandmoremiddleschoolstudentsaregettingstressed(stress)intheirstudies.Thelifeofahighschoolstudentisusuallyactive,excitingandfulloffun,butitcanbestressful(stress)sometimes.Peopleunderstresstendtoexpresstheirfullrangeofpotential.4．conditionn．情況；條件；環(huán)境Often,factoryworkerslivedinpoorandcrowdedconditions.往常工廠工人生活在貧困和擁堵的環(huán)境中。(1)living/housing/workingconditions生活/住宅/工作條件under...conditions

在條件下(2)beingood/bad/poorcondition

情況優(yōu)秀

/惡劣；健康

/不健康outofcondition

身體不適(3)oncondition(that)

．..

在條件下；若是onnocondition

決不(放于句首時(shí)，句子需部分倒裝

)[名師指津

]condition

表示“(工作、生活或住宅等

)條件”時(shí)，往常要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而表示“情況”時(shí)，則為不行數(shù)名詞。單句語(yǔ)法填空①Oneofthewaysofdealingwiththatistodealwithhousingconditions(condition).②Manyroadsareinbadconditionandaccidentshappenfrequently.③I'llletyouusemybike

onconditionthatyoucanreturnittomorrow.(2)補(bǔ)全句子Onnoconditioncan_we_give_up_our_dreams;_only

if

westick

to

ourdreamswillwebeabletogetoverallkindsofchallenges.我們決不可以放棄夢(mèng)想，只有我們堅(jiān)持自己的夢(mèng)想，才能夠戰(zhàn)勝各樣挑戰(zhàn)。5．bringup養(yǎng)育；撫育；教育；提出；嘔吐Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasyoung,andhewasbroughtupbyhismother.他的父親在他小時(shí)候就逝世了，是母親把他撫育長(zhǎng)大的。bringabout惹起；致使(事故、變化等)bringback帶回；使回想起某事bringdown使降低；使倒下bringin引入；賺得；掙得bringout展現(xiàn)出；使發(fā)揮采用上述短語(yǔ)填空①WorkingwiththemedicalteaminAfricahasbrought_outthebestinherasdoctor.Thegreatdamagewhichtheearthquakebrought_aboutmademanypeoplehomelessorlosetheirlives.Thegovernmenthopesthesemeasureswillhelptobring_downinflation.④Ihadasandwichforlunchandpromptlybroughtitupagain.重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥寫出加黑詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的意義①Climatechangewillfuel

thegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas

，whilereducingitinotherspots

，leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.

推進(jìn)②Timeis

money,butthatprinciple

meansdifferent

things

fordifferent

typesofrestaurants.

原則③Another

argumentagainsttelevisionisthatitreplacesreadingasaformofentertainment.爭(zhēng)辯；談?wù)揥henshearrivedhomefromwork,thedogthrewitselfagainstthescreendoorand

barkedmadlyather.

狗叫⑤Whatisthetreatmentforthis

condition

？疾病典型句式精析1．theway作先行詞，省略that/inwhichTreatothersinthe_wayyouwanttobetreated.

的定語(yǔ)從句己所不欲，勿施于人。句中

theway

作先行詞，

youwanttobetreated

為省略關(guān)系詞的定語(yǔ)從句。(1)way

表示“方式；方法”時(shí)，后來(lái)常接inwhich或that

指引的定語(yǔ)從句，也能夠?qū)㈥P(guān)系詞inwhich或that省略掉，此時(shí)關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。(2)way后接定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，假如關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)則用關(guān)系代詞that/which，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)還能夠省略。(3)way表示“方式；方法”時(shí)，后來(lái)還可接不定式或ofdoingsth.形式。單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thewaythat/whichcameupatthemeetingwasunpractical.②Specialistscancomeupwithnewwayspollution.

to_solve(solve)theproblemofair(2)補(bǔ)全句子Ithinkyouhurthispridebylaughingattheway(in_which/that)_he_speaks_English.我感覺(jué)你嘲諷他說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的方式損害了他的自尊心。2．Thereasonwhy...isthat...的原由是Menciusbelievedthatthe_reason_whymanisdifferentfromanimalsis_thatmanisgood.孟子認(rèn)為人差別于動(dòng)物的原由就在于人性本善。believed后邊是that指引的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中使用了“thereasonwhy...isthat...”句式，此中why指引的是定語(yǔ)從句；is以后的that指引的是表語(yǔ)從句。(1)reason用作先行詞后接定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第一判判定語(yǔ)從句中缺什么成分，假如缺狀語(yǔ)，則要使用關(guān)系副詞why或forwhich指引定語(yǔ)從句，why有時(shí)可省略；假如缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則使用關(guān)系代詞that/which指引定語(yǔ)從句，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。(2)thereason后接同位語(yǔ)從句解說(shuō)其內(nèi)容時(shí)，用指引詞that。單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thereason

whyhehashadsuchasuccessisthathenevergivesup.②Whydon't

youbelieve

thereasonthatmycarwasheldupinthetraffic

jam?(2)補(bǔ)全句子Thereason(that/which)_he_explained_at_the_meeting_was_that

hedidn't

catchthefirstbus.他在會(huì)議上解說(shuō)的原由是他沒(méi)有追上第一輛公共汽車。Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．IamnotsurewhatIwoulddoifIwereinyourposition(

職位)．2．Hedecidedtoresign(becauseofpoorhealth.

離職)andgiveuptheopportunitytobeamanager3．Enoughsleepisconnectedwithgeneralhealthconditions(

情況)．4．Heisstrictwithhimselfanddoesn'tdoanythingagainsthisprinciples(原則)．5．Healwaysstressestheimportance(

重要性

)ofgoodteamwork.6．Thegovernment

ordered

(命令)

the

police

out

to

keeporder

in

the

streets.7．Wewillstandtogetherwithallthecountriesandpeoplethatlovepeaceandjustice(

公正)．8．Theteacherhasalreadystressed(

重申

)theimportanceofsilentreadinginclass.9．Thethreespacemenmadegreatcontributions(

貢獻(xiàn)

)tothedevelopmentofthespaceprogram.10．Afteralongperiodofargument(abouttheproblem.

爭(zhēng)辯)，wefinallyreachedanagreement11．Oureducationsystemshouldprovideequal(

同樣)opportunitiesforallchildren.12．Manyoldpeoplestillhavethebelief(

信念)thatboysarebetterthangirls.13．Theboy'shonesty(誠(chéng)實(shí))iswhatmakeshimdifferentfromtheotherchildren.Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Nobodywantstoliveinaverystressful(stress)environment.2．Inmyopinion,honesty(honest)isthemostimportantpartoffriendship,becauseIhatebeingcheated.3．BeingbroughtupinthecountrysidemadeMrWilsonveryhardworkingwhenhewasveryyoung.4．Howlongdoyouthinkthetwocountrieswillbeatwarwitheachother?5．Asrewardforhiscontribution(contribute)tobotanyaflowernamedafterhim.

，JosephBankshad6．Itisofgreatimportance(important)forcollegestudentstomasteraforeignlanguage.7．Heisavery

influential

(influence)

manin

the

company,soeveryone

wouldliketofollowhisadvice.8．Dobecarefulwhileyouaredrivingontheroad.9．Idon'tthinkBobisequaltobeingamanager,forhehaslittleknowledgeaboutmanagement.10．Atpresentreliefworkisrunninginasmoothandorderly(order)manner.Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Hecan'tgoforanouting,sinceheisoutofthecondition.

去掉

the2．IthoughthimtobeniceandhonestforthefirsttimeImethim.

去掉

for3．Thereason

whyIhaveto

gois

becausemymother

is

ill

inbed.because→that4．Ihatethewaywhichshealwayscriticizesme.

which→that

或在which前加in

或去掉

which5．Heordered

that

the

students

woretheir

special

clothes

during

the

militarytraining.

wore→wear6．Inmyday，childrenbroughtuptorespectthelaw.children后加were7．Itiscommonsensethatthingscaneasilygowrongwhenpeopleareunderstresses.

stresses

→stress8．Sheisveryweakandnotequaltomakealongjourney.

make→making9．Thetwocountries

havebeenonwarwith

eachother

for

nearly

ayear.

on→at10．He

has

become

quite

interesting

in

cycling

ever

since

he

ersting

→interestedⅣ.語(yǔ)段填詞1．Thehonestboywhowaslookingthroughanewspaperimpressedalltheemployerswithhishonesty.(honest)2．Einstein,afamousinventor,_wasoneofofhistime.Hewaswellknownforhisinventionsinhislife.(invent)

thegreatestinventivescientistswhichheinventedoneafteranother3．AsfarasI'mconcerned,hismajorcontributionstothecompanyhavecontributedtoitsrapiddevelopmentinrecentyears.(contribute)4．hesaidandurgedhimtofindabetterwaytoexpresshisidearatherthangivingouthisanger.(argue)5．Thereareequalinnumbersofboysandgirlsinourclass.Theyshareeverythinginclassequally.Theytreateachotherasequals.Theyvaluetheequalityineverythingamongthemselves.(equal)Ⅴ.達(dá)成句子1．他沒(méi)獲得這個(gè)工作的原由是他的英語(yǔ)不好。

(thereasonwhy...isthat...)The_reason_why_he_didn't_get_the_job_was_that

hisEnglishwasnot

very

good.2．你平時(shí)生活中發(fā)生的事情會(huì)改變你對(duì)待世界和人間的人的方式。Somethingthathappensinyourdaily

life

(theway)will

changethe_way_you_look_at_the_worldandthepeopleinit.3．我此刻極少鍛煉，但我上初中時(shí)確實(shí)喜愛(ài)踢足球。Idon'ttakemuchexercise

(do

重申謂語(yǔ)now,

)

but

Idid_like_playing_football_when_I_was_in_junior_school.4．我們?yōu)樽约焊杏X(jué)特別驕傲，相信我們能夠?yàn)橐粋€(gè)更美好的世界做更多的事情。(beproudof)Weare_very_proud_of_ourselvesandbelievewecandomoreforabetterworld.5．只管已經(jīng)是八十高齡，這位老人依舊身體健康。(condition)Thoughinhiseighties,theoldma