新概念英語第四冊(cè)第11課How to grow old

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Lesson11Howtogrowold如何安度晚年

Firstlistenandthenanswerthefollowingquestion.

聽錄音，然后回復(fù)以下問題。

What,accordingtotheauthor,isthebestwaytoovercomethefearofdeathasyougetolder?

Someoldpeopleareoppressedbythefearofdeath.Intheyoungthereisajustificationforthisfeeling.Youngmenwhohavereasontofearthattheywillbekilledinbattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavecheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrows,andhasachievedwhateverworkitwasinhimtodo,thefearofdeathissomewhatabjectandignoble.Thebestwaytoovercomeit--soatleastitseemstome--istomakeyourinterestsgraduallywiderandmoreimpersonal,untilbitbybitthewallsoftheegorecede,andyourlifebecomesincreasinglymergedintheuniversallife.Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver--smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionatelypastbouldersandoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowswider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomemergedinthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.Themanwho,inoldage,canseehislifeinthisway,willnotsufferfromthefearofdeath,sincethethingshecaresforwillcontinue.Andif,withthedecayofvitality,wearinessincreases,thethoughtofrestwillbenotunwelcome.Ishouldwishtodiewhilestillatwork,knowingthatotherswillcarryonwhatIcannolongerdo,andcontentinthethoughtthatwhatwaspossiblehasbeendone.

參考譯文

有些老年人由于怕死而感到煩擾。青年人有這種感覺是情有可原的。有理由畏懼自己會(huì)死在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的年輕人，想到自己被剝奪了生活所能給予的最美好的東西時(shí)，感到痛楚，這是可以理解的。可是老年人已經(jīng)飽嘗了人間的甘苦，一切能做的都做了，假如怕死，就有點(diǎn)兒可憐又可鄙。戰(zhàn)勝怕死的最好方法--至少在我看來是這樣--就是漸漸使自己的興趣更加廣泛，漸漸擺脫個(gè)人狹小的圈子，直到自我的圍墻一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地倒塌下來，自己的生活逐漸地和整個(gè)宇宙的生活融合在一起。個(gè)人的存在應(yīng)該像一條河流，開始很小，被緊緊地夾在兩岸中間，接著熱心奔放地沖過巨石，飛下瀑布。然后河面逐漸地變寬，兩岸后撤，河水流得平緩起來，最終連綿不斷地匯入大海，毫無痛楚地失去了自我的存在。上了年紀(jì)的人這樣對(duì)待生命，就不會(huì)有害怕死亡的心情了，由于自己關(guān)心的一切事件都會(huì)繼續(xù)下去。再者，隨著精力的衰退，老年人的疲憊會(huì)增長(zhǎng)，有長(zhǎng)眠的愿望未嘗不是一件好事情，我希望工作到死為止，明白了有人會(huì)繼續(xù)我的未竟事業(yè)，想到能做的事都做了，也就坦然了。

Newwordsandexpressions生詞和短語

oppress

v.惆悵，壓抑

justification

n.正當(dāng)理由

justifiably

adv.無可非議地

cheat

v.欺騙

abject

adj.可憐的

ignoble

adj.不體面的，可恥的

impersonal

adj.超脫個(gè)人感情影響的

ego

n.自我

receded

v.退去

increasing

adv.日益，不斷

passionately

adv.昂揚(yáng)地

painlessly

adv.毫無痛楚地

vitality

n.精力

weariness

n.疲憊感

Notesonthetext課文解釋

1intheyoung,在年輕人身上。

2Youngmenwhohavereason...thatlifehastooffer.這個(gè)句子較長(zhǎng)，其中有3個(gè)that。第1個(gè)that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句that...battle,是fear的賓語。第2個(gè)that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)同位語從與thatthey...tooffer,說明thought的內(nèi)容。第3個(gè)that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句thatlifehastooffer,修飾things。

3cheatof...,從...那里騙取...。

4whateverworkitwasinhimtodo，他所能做的任何工作。

5soatleastitseemstome,這里一個(gè)插入