2020高考英語外刊學(xué)習(xí)專題（三）：新型冠狀病毒（來自CNN）

2020高考英語外刊學(xué)習(xí)專題（三）：新型冠狀病毒（來自CNN）Byb&fWhatdoyouneedtoknowaboutCoronavirus?FROMCNNHEALTHVIDEOAnewChinesecoronavirus,acousinoftheSARSvirus,hastheinternationalcommunityonalert1.SincetheoutbreakbeganinWuhan,ChinainDecember,thenumberofpeopleinfectedandpatientswhohavediedkeepsclimbing.Sohere'swhatyouneedtoknowaboutcoronavirus.Coronavirusarealargegroupofvirusescommonamongmanyspeciesofanimals,includinghumans.Inrarecases,thevirusactuallymakesajumpfromanimalstohumansand,evenmorerare,frompersonwhichiswhatscientistsbelievehashappenedinthiscase.Now,typically,coronavirussymptomsincludearunny2nose,cough,sorethroat,possiblyaheadache,feverwhichcanlastforseveraldays.Forthosewithaweakenedimmunesystem,thereisachancetheviruscouldcausealowerdownandmuchmoreseriousrespiratory3tractillnesslikepneumonia4orbronchitis5Therehaveonlybeentwoothercoronavirusesthathavebeenknowntobedeadly.ThemiddleEastRespiratorySyndrome,knownasMERSvirus,thatcausedsevererespiratoryproblems,andtheCDCestimated6threeoutoffourofeverytenpatientsinfectedwithMERShaddiedAnotheroneistheSevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome,orSARS.Now,thathadanaveragedeathrateofaround10%,witholderpeoplebeingthemostvulnerable7.Virusescanspreadfromhumancontactwithanimals.ScientiststhinkMERS,forexample,startedincamelsandtheysuspectedSARSstartedwithcivetcats8.Asforhuman-to-humantransmission9,oftenhappenswhensomeoneiswithinthreefeetoftheinfectedperson.Andwiththisnewvirus,wedon'tknowyetwhenexactlysomeonebecomescontagious10,howsicktheyarewhentheydo.Dependingonhowvirulent11thevirusis,acough,asneeze12,ahandshakecouldcauseanexposure13.Thereisnovaccine14toprotectagainstthisfamilyofviruses.Thereisnospecifictreatmentforacoronavirus.Mostofthetime,symptomsaregoingtogoawayontheown.Thosewhocatchthevirusareadvisedtodothebasics--drinkplentyoffluids,sleepasmuchaspossible.Symptomsaswellcanberelievedbytakingpainorfevermedications,butiftheydogetworse,it'srecommendedtoseeadoctor.Youcouldreducetheriskofinfectionbyavoidingpeoplewhoaresick,avoidingtouchingyoureyes,noseandmouthandofcourse,washingyourhandswithsoapandwaterasoftenaspossibleforatleast20seconds.附:本文不提供全文翻譯，僅對部分較為生僻詞匯進行注解。1：處于警戒狀態(tài);保持戒備2：adj.流鼻涕的;流眼淚的;太稀的;水分過多的;軟的3：adj.呼吸的4：n.肺炎5：n.支氣管炎6：v.估價;估算7：adj.(身體上或感情上)脆弱的，易受…傷害的8：果子貍9：n.傳送;傳遞;傳達;傳播;傳染;(電子信號、信息或廣播、電視節(jié)目的)播送，發(fā)射，發(fā)送，傳輸;(電臺或電視)信息，廣播10：adj.(疾病)接觸傳染的;患接觸性傳染病11：adj.致命的;惡性的;劇毒的;狠毒的;惡毒的;不共戴天的12：v.打噴嚏n.噴嚏;噴嚏聲13：n.面臨，遭受(危險或不快);揭露;(在電視、報紙等上的)亮相，被報道14：n.疫苗;菌苗LunarNewYearisnormallyahugecelebrationinChina在中國，農(nóng)歷新年通常是一個巨大的慶?；顒覣manwearsafacemaskinGuomao,centralBeijing.ArtyomIvanov/TASSviaGettyImages在北京市中心的國茂，一個男人戴著口罩。YesterdaywasthefirstdayoftheLunarNewYear,theYearoftheRat.昨天是農(nóng)歷新年的第一天，鼠年。FormanyChinesepeople,theholidayisaonce-a-yearchancetoshareamealandcarrybagsofgiftsfromthecitiestotheirfamiliesbackhome.Thisyear,itwasoriginallyexpectedthat3billionjourneyswouldbemadeduring"chunyun,"orspringrush--the40-dayperiodfromJanuary9toFebruary18whenpeopletravelforLunarNewYear.對許多中國來說，這個節(jié)日是一年一次的機會，可以分享一頓飯，把一袋袋來自城市的禮物帶回家。今年，人們原本預(yù)計在"春云"或春運期間會有30億人次出行，從1月9日到2月18日的40天，人們將出游過春節(jié)。Butcelebrationswereconsiderablysmallerthisyear,asauthoritiesacrossmainlandChina,HongKongandMacaocanceledmanylargepublicgatheringsinordertohelpcontaintheWuhancoronavirus.但今年的慶祝活動規(guī)模要小得多，因為中國大陸、香港和澳門當(dāng)局為了遏制武漢冠狀病毒，取消了許多大型公眾集會。EvaKwang,35,wasatHongKong'sWestKowloonStationonFridaytocancelherfamily'strainticketstoGuangzhou,insouthernGuangdongprovince.35歲的王伊娃（EvaKwang）上周五在香港西九龍站取消家人前往廣東省廣州的火車票。Shesaidshewassadthatshecouldn'tseeherfamily,butwasworriedabouthertwochildren."Ithinkthesafetyforusismoreimportantthanmydinnerwiththem,"shetoldCNN."IthinkIcangobackandvisitthemaftermaybeonemonthortwomonths."她說她很傷心，她看不到她的家人，但擔(dān)心她的兩個孩子。"我認為我們的安全比我和他們共進晚餐更重要，"她告訴CNN。"我想我可以回去探望他們，也許一個月或兩個月后。JapanwillevacuateitsnationalsfromWuhanviacharteredflights日本將通過包機從武漢撤離本國國民Japan'sPrimeMinisterShinzoAbespeakstothelowerhouseoftheparliamentonJanuary20,2020inTokyo.TomohiroOhsumi/GettyImages2020年1月20日，日本首相安倍晉三在東京向國會下議院發(fā)表講話。TheJapanesegovernmentplanstohelpallJapanesenationalswhowishtoreturntoJapanfromWuhanbysendingcharterflights,PrimeMinisterShinzoAbesaidSunday.日本首相安倍晉三（ShinzoAbe）周日表示，日本政府計劃通過派遣包機幫助所有希望從武漢返回日本的日本國民。AbesaidJapanisworkingwiththeChinesegovernmenttocoordinatetheevacuation.安倍說，日本正在與中國政府合作，協(xié)調(diào)撤離行動。JapanconfirmeditsthirdcaseofWuhancoronavirusonSaturday.日本上周六確診了第三例武漢冠狀病毒病例。Thereareabout700JapanesenationalsinWuhan,accordingtonationalbroadcasterNHK.據(jù)國家廣播公司NHK報道，武漢約有700名日本國民。HongKong'stwobiggestthemeparks--includingDisneyland--haveclosed香港兩大主題公園包括迪士尼樂園已關(guān)閉HongKong'sOceanParkisseeninthisfilephotographfromSeptember27,2019.ChanLongHei/BloombergviaGettyImages香港海洋公園于2019年9月27日拍攝到這張檔案照片。陳龍海/彭博通過蓋蒂圖片HongKongDisneylandandOceanPark,twoofthecity'sbiggestthemeparks,haveclosedduetothecoronavirusoutbreak.香港迪士尼樂園和海洋公園是香港最大的兩個主題公園，因冠狀病毒爆發(fā)而關(guān)閉。BothparksmadetheannouncementonFacebook.兩個公園都在Facebook上宣布了這一消息。Disneyland,whichwelcomed6.7millionguestsinthe2018fiscalyear,saiditsclosurewastemporaryandthattheresorthotelsaffiliatedwiththemeparkwouldremainopen.迪斯尼樂園在2018財年接待了670萬游客，表示其關(guān)閉是暫時的，與主題公園有關(guān)聯(lián)的度假酒店將繼續(xù)開放。OceanParksaiditwouldcloseSunday"untilfurthernotice."Theparksaysonitswebsitemorethan7.7millionguestsvisiteachyear.海洋公園表示，周日將關(guān)閉，"直至另行通知"。公園在其網(wǎng)站上說，每年有超過770萬游客前來參觀。Bothparkssufferedfinanciallyin2019asaresultofthemonthsofpoliticalunrestthatrockedthecity.2019年，由于持續(xù)數(shù)月的政治動蕩，兩個公園都遭受了財政損失。HowdoestheWuhanviruscomparetoregularwinterfluoutbreaks?武漢病毒與冬季常規(guī)流感疫情相比如何？MedicalstaffwearingprotectiveclothingtendtoapatientattheWuhanRedCrossHospitalinChinaonJanuary25.HectorRetamal/AFP/GettyImages1月25日，中國武漢紅十字會醫(yī)院的醫(yī)護人員正在照顧病人。WithglobalattentionontheWuhancoronavirusanditsspreadaroundChinaandothercountries,it'simportanttoputitinthecontextofotherdeadlyinfections--includingseasonalinfluenza,whichclaimsthelivesofthousandsofpeopleeveryyear.隨著全球?qū)ξ錆h冠狀病毒及其在中國和其他國家的傳播的關(guān)注，將之置于其他致命感染的背景下非常重要，包括季節(jié)性流感，季節(jié)性流感每年奪去數(shù)千人的生命。AccordingtoaSeptember2019studybyChinesescientistspublishedinTheLancet,thereareabout88,100influenza-relateddeathseveryyearinChina,withamortalityrateofbetween1.6%and2.6%.Themajorityofthosewhodiedasaresultofthefluwereagedover60,thereportsaid.根據(jù)2019年9月發(fā)表在《柳葉刀》雜志上的中國科學(xué)家的一份研究報告，中國每年約有88，100例流感相關(guān)死亡，死亡率在1.6%至2.6%。報告說，大多數(shù)死于流感的人年齡都在60歲以上。Whilethetrueextentofthenewcoronavirusisunclear,itappearstobemoredeadlythanseasonalinfluenza.Ofthe1,317casesconfirmedgloballyasofnoonSaturdayinChina,therehadbeen41deaths,amortalityrateof3.1%.雖然新型冠狀病毒的真正程度尚不清楚，但它似乎比季節(jié)性流感更致命。截至上周六中午，全球確診的1317例病例中，有41例死亡，死亡率為3.1%。However,thatisfarlessdeadlythanrelatedcoronavirusesSARSandMERS.SARShasamortalityrateofabout10%,whileMERSkilled34%ofthoseinfected.然而，這比相關(guān)的冠狀病毒SARS和中東呼吸綜合征的致命性要小得多。SARS的死亡率約為10%，而中東呼吸綜合征導(dǎo)致34%的感染者死亡。TheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)estimatesthatthisfluseason--fromOctober1,2019untilJanuary18--15to21millionpeoplehavecontractedthefluintheUnitedStates,killingsomewherebetween8,200to20,000people.美國疾病控制和預(yù)防中心（CDC）估計，從2019年10月1日至1月18日，流感季節(jié)期間，美國有1500萬至2100萬人感染流感，導(dǎo)致8200至2萬人死亡。ThosenumbersarebasedontheCDC’sweeklyinfluenzasurveillancereports,whichsummarizekeyinfluenzaactivityindicators.這些數(shù)字基于CDC每周流感監(jiān)測報告，該報告匯總了主要的流感活動指標(biāo)。Beijingtopostponestartofspringsemesterduetovirus北京因病毒推遲春季學(xué)期開學(xué)FromCNN’sStevenJianginBeijing.ChinesehealthworkerswaittocheckthetemperaturesoftravellersenteringasubwaystationonJanuary25,2020inBeijing,China.KevinFrayer/GettyImages2020年1月25日，中國北京，中國衛(wèi)生工作者等待檢查進入地鐵站的旅客體溫。BeijingannouncedonSundaythatthecitywillpostponethestartofthespringsemesterforallschoolsinthecity,includingprimary,secondaryanduniversities,duetothecoronavirusoutbreak,accordingtoadecreereleasedbytheBeijingEducationCommission.根據(jù)北京市教委發(fā)布的一項法令，北京周日宣布，由于冠狀病毒爆發(fā)，北京將推遲全市所有學(xué)校（包括小學(xué)、中學(xué)和大學(xué)）春季學(xué)期的開學(xué)?！癟oeffectivelycurbthespreadofthecoronavirusoutbreakoncampusesofschoolsandothereducationalinstitutions,itisdecidedthatthestartofthe2020springsemesterwillbepostponedforallschoolsandkindergartens,”thedecreesaid."為了有效遏制冠狀病毒疫情在學(xué)校和其他教育機構(gòu)的校園蔓延，決定推遲2020年春季學(xué)期開學(xué)，所有學(xué)校和幼兒園，"該法令說?！癘ff-campusofflineeducationalprogramswillalsobesuspendedthroughoutthecity,”itsaid."校外線下教育項目也將在全市暫停，"它說。Anewstartdateforthe2020springsemesterhasyettobeset.2020年春季學(xué)期的新開學(xué)日期尚未確定。China’sShantoucitywithdrawslockdown中國汕頭市撤銷封鎖FromCNN’sYongXionginBeijing.AuthoritiesintheChinesecityofShantou,inGuangdongProvince,announcedSundaytheywillwithdrawalockdownandbanonthemovementofvehiclesthattheyannouncedearlierintheday.中國廣東省的廣東省汕頭市當(dāng)局周日宣布，將撤銷當(dāng)天早些時候宣布的禁令，禁止車輛通行。Shantouwillcontinuetoallowvehicles,ferries,peopleandgoodstogoinandoutofthecity,butwillstrengthenitsmonitoringandpreventioneffortsforthecoronavirusoutbreak,authoritiessaid.當(dāng)局表示，將繼續(xù)允許車輛、渡輪、人和貨物進出城市，但會加強對冠狀病毒疫情的監(jiān)測和預(yù)防工作。ShantouwasthefirstcityinGuangdongProvincetoenactsuchalockdown.汕頭是廣東省第一個實行這種封鎖的城市。Therearenow15citiesinChinathatareunderfullorpartiallockdownbyauthorities,affectingsome57.2millionpeople.目前，中國有15個城市被當(dāng)局全面或部分封鎖，影響約5720萬人。UKgovernment"lookingatalloptions"tohelpBritonsinWuhan英國政府"考慮各種選擇"幫助在武漢的英國人FromCNN’sSamanthaTapfumaneyiinLondon.PritiPateladdressesdelegatesinManchesterCentralonOctober1,2019.2019年10月1日，PritiPatel在曼徹斯特中心向代表們發(fā)表講話。TheBritishgovernmentis"lookingatalltheoptions"tohelpcitizenstrappedinWuhan,UKHomeSecretaryPritiPatelsaidSundayafterbeingaskedaboutUKmediareportsthatofficialsareexaminingthelogisticsofairliftingBritonsoutofthecentralChinesecity.英國內(nèi)政大臣PritiPatel周日被問及英國媒體有關(guān)官員正在檢查將英國人從中國中部空運出去的后勤工作時說，英國政府正在"考慮所有選擇"，以幫助被困在武漢的公民。城市。DuringaSkyNewsinterview,Patelsaidshewouldnot“commentspecificallyonnewspaperstories”buttheUKisdoingits"utmosttostopthevirusfromcomingtotheUKandobviouslybecomingawidespreadproblem."在接受天空新聞采訪時，帕特爾說，她不會"具體評論報紙的報道"，但英國正在盡其所能阻止病毒進入英國，顯然成為一個普遍的問題。Therearemanyeffortsbeingmade,andthisisactuallywhereBorderForceprovidesinformationtoPublicHealthEnglandintermsofpassengersthathavetraveledtoandfromthearea.Andso,theyareactuallycontactingpeopleandreachingouttothemandprovidingscreeningandtestingandthatisfine.”有許多努力正在作出，這實際上是邊防部隊向英國公共衛(wèi)生局提供往返于該地區(qū)的乘客的信息。因此，他們實際上是在聯(lián)系人們，與他們聯(lián)系，并提供篩選和測試，這很好。BeforeChinaputinrestrictionsonoutgoingflightsfromWuhan,therewerethreeflightsaweekintoLondon’sHeathrowAirport,aPublicHealthEnglandspokeswomantoldCNNonSaturday.英國公共衛(wèi)生部一位女發(fā)言人周六告訴CNN，在中國限制從武漢起飛的航班之前，每周有三個航班飛往倫敦希思羅機場。LunarNewYearparadecanceledinParis巴黎農(nóng)歷新年游行取消FromAntoineCrouininParisPeopledancewithcostumestomarktheChineseNewYearattheEiffelTowerinParisonSaturday.APPhoto/MichelEuler)周六，人們在巴黎埃菲爾鐵塔用服裝跳舞慶祝中國新年。TheChinesecommunityinParishascanceleditsLunarNewYearparadeplannedforSundayatthePlacedelaRépubliqueasaprecautionarymeasureagainstcoronavirus,thecity’sofficialTwitteraccountsaid.巴黎官方Twitter賬戶稱，巴黎華人社區(qū)已經(jīng)取消了原定于周日在共和國廣場舉行的農(nóng)歷新年游行，以防范冠狀病毒。AspokespersonforParisMayorAnneHidalgotoldCNNthatprecautiontook"precedence."巴黎市長安妮·伊達爾戈的發(fā)言人告訴CNN，預(yù)防措施是"優(yōu)先的"。"TheChinesecommunityinParishasdecidedtocanceltheparadeplannedforthisafternoononthePlacedelaRépublique.Theassociationsdidn'thavethehearttocelebrate,"HidalgotoldFrenchradioEurope1."巴黎的華人社區(qū)決定取消今天下午在共和國廣場舉行的游行。協(xié)會沒有心來慶祝，"伊達爾戈告訴法國歐洲1電臺。“Wemustnotgiveintopanicbut,atthesametime,bevigilantandrespectthedecisionoftheChineseassociationsinParis.""我們絕不能屈服于恐慌，但與此同時，要保持警惕，尊重巴黎華人社團的決定。TherearecurrentlythreeconfirmedcasesofcoronavirusinFrance,theFrenchHealthMinistryannouncedonFriday.法國衛(wèi)生部周五宣布，目前法國有3例冠狀病毒確診病例。JapanconfirmsfourthcaseofWuhancoronavirus日本確認第四例武漢冠狀病毒JapanconfirmedafourthcaseoftheWuhancoronavirusonSunday,thecountry’sMinistryofHealth,LaborandWelfaresaidinastatement.日本厚生勞動省在一份聲明中說，日本周日確診了第四例武漢冠狀病毒病例。Thelatestcaseisamaninhis40swhotraveledfromWuhanandarrivedinJapanonJanuary22.最新的病例是一名40多歲的男子，他從武漢出發(fā)，于1月22日抵達日本。Heshowednosymptomsatthetimeofhisarrivalbutstartedsufferingfromafeverandjointpainonthe23rd.HewenttoahospitalinAichiprefectureincentralJapanontheJanuary24andwashospitalizedaftersymptomsofpneumoniawerefound.他抵達時沒有癥狀，但23日開始發(fā)燒和關(guān)節(jié)疼痛。他于1月24日前往日本中部愛知縣的一家醫(yī)院，在發(fā)現(xiàn)肺炎癥狀后住院治療。Themanstillhasfever,buthisconditionisstable.Hetoldauthoritieshehasn’tvisitedtheseafoodmarketinWuhan--theepicenteroftheoutbreak.那人仍然發(fā)燒，但病情穩(wěn)定。他告訴當(dāng)局，他還沒有去過武漢的海鮮市場——疫情的中心。Itisunclearwhetherhehadcontactwithanypneumoniapatients.目前還不清楚他是否曾與任何肺炎病人有過接觸。Chinasaysviruscanspreadbeforesymptomsshow--callingintoquestionUSstrategytocontainvirus中國稱病毒可以在癥狀出現(xiàn)前傳播——質(zhì)疑美國控制病毒的戰(zhàn)略FromCNNHealth'sElizabethCohenMaXiaowei,thedirectorofChina'sNationalHealthCommission,speaksatapressconferenceaboutavirusoutbreakattheStateCouncilInformationOfficeinBeijing,Sunday.APPhoto/MarkSchiefelbein周日，中國國家衛(wèi)生委員會主任馬曉偉在北京國務(wù)院新聞辦公室就病毒爆發(fā)問題召開新聞發(fā)布會。China’shealthministerDr.MaXiaoweihadsomeverybadnewsSundayabouttheWuhancoronavirus:Hesaidpeoplecanspreaditbeforetheyhavesymptoms.中國衛(wèi)生部長馬曉偉博士周日對武漢冠狀病毒有一些非常壞消息：他說，人們可以在出現(xiàn)癥狀之前傳播它。AveteranadviserforaUShealthagencycalledthenewsa"gamechanger."美國一家衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)的一位資深顧問稱這一消息是"游戲規(guī)則的改變者"?！癢henIheardthis,Ithought,‘ohdear,thisisworsethanweanticipated.’Itmeanstheinfectionismuchmorecontagiousthanweoriginallythought,”saidDr.WilliamSchaffner,alongtimeadvisertotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention."當(dāng)我聽到這個，我想，'哦，親愛的，這是比我們預(yù)期的更糟。這意味著感染的傳染性比我們原先認為的要強得多，"美國疾病控制和預(yù)防中心的長期顧問威廉·沙夫納博士說。SchaffneraddedthatthisnewpieceofinformationcalledintoquestionthecurrentUSpracticesfor