方程式賽車轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng))

.

()2013

5

..

3.67,Matlab,,,,,度矩

p

手

n們..heesinfrulafontdearspinndsterigytem(teringsyst)STATSterigstmDsinfacrsasignifiantctfdrivigerfrnce,erigtability.ntearsinproess,firstrughthesterigfrelultinsndteGkieticalsiswetrietheratioftringyt,hereltionshipetwenteelleiptdutt;hericilsfatilechanikieticsdarlatedptiiztionrryigtlbreplidtothelltinfhesatialtinfekrnsterigline.ysigteeto,teitrferncebteensuspensinuiigchimandteriglikageisniid;enUGkieticalsisissedtoalsistetionofteeringsystmntrigandlultigterrsndigrltintntetringlefnsiedutieheel,hetrasiinleofteeriglikagendsterigxrteeringlikagendtrack-ro,ndsteerigxtrke.ditrvisateorticalsisfrsiigandtiiigthetrigtrzilhi.Afterherkelultetealljoitstierdtngthandearrsitnce,doecalcultionssdenengrusr,tosuretearshtrthndlif.ftrrryigtaplteclltinfertbiliy,eclultetetreofhehl,theforcefteerighlntedsdtetotlnerfurs,toteeqietsineruls.nlly,wetpr-sbldtr-isinallt,eckigtesteringeesiedhetrereisitrfrceeonandtoxiehetrrteringeetrsinreuient,oirove..ourdesign.KEYFSAEUG,steeringtrapezoid,motionanalysis,rackpinion..目錄緒論..........................................§1.1...............................1§1.1.1.....................................§1.1.2...............................§1.2FSAE..............................§1.3....................................3章..............................§2.1................................4§2.2...............................4§2.3..................................§2.4..................................§2.5...........................§2.5.1.........................6§2.5.2.........................8§2.5.3.........................9§2.6.........................§2.7......................§2.7.1.......................§2.7.2.................10§2.7.3.............12§2.7.4........14章.............................§3.1.................................§3.1.1+.......................16§3.1.2-.......................§3.2..............................17§3.2.1............................§3.2.2............ii.§3.2.3wo.......................19§3.2.4...............19§3.3t....................20§3.3.1.......................§3.3.2.....................§3.4............................22

.....................§4.1..........................§4.1.1..................23§4.1.2Fh..................23§4.1.3.....................§4.1.4.................24§4.2........................25§4.2.1..............................25§4.2.2..............................25§4.2.3.................25§4.2.4.................................26§4.2.5...............................27§4.3........................§4.3.1...§4.3.2.........29§4.3.3...........30§4.4

.................................31§4.5..........................32§4.6..............................32§4.6.1.............................32§4.6.2.............................33§4.6.3.....................§4.6.4.................34...............................36§5.1...............................36§5.2............................§5.2.1.....§5.2.2.38§5.2.3...................章化............§6.1...............................§6.2.................42§6.3........42§6.4.......................章..........................................44.............................................45

..................................................第章緒論§1.1§1.1.1FormulatheSocietyofAutomotiveEngineersSAESAE60000FormulaSAE1980一Formula約20Formula機SAESAEAutocross

425,000..§1.1.2

FormulaSAEMiniBajaBaja1000SAEMiniBaja2MiniBaja

820SAEMiniBajaMiniBaja

Formula相

MiniBaja允610ccFormulaSAE時200km/h0100km/h4.5s聯(lián)§1.2FSAE許

聯(lián)

Q1537693694

.

.CAEFSAE此外1.3務(wù)目合..第二轉(zhuǎn)§2.1轉(zhuǎn)向系計僅使§2.22-1轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向§2.3向.

轉(zhuǎn)向轉(zhuǎn)向

轉(zhuǎn)向轉(zhuǎn)向轉(zhuǎn)向.2-22-2

2-32-348km/h平移

127mm6.7m/s19982-4防

2-52-4..的后且裝?！?.4向傳動及向。，2-5。§2.5析§2.5.1器圖2-6自動消間隙裝置要的..90%2-6

[1]

70%

[1]

ad

b

c2-7種形位2-8..圖2-8齒輪齒條式轉(zhuǎn)向器的四種布置形式§2.5.2器圖2-9.L*rL*r.圖2-9循環(huán)球式轉(zhuǎn)向器§2.5.3§2.6向F11:140圖2-102-11圖2-10FFa*

MF*F*R*

圖2-11..。力傳為3.7向轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)。為60N。圖2-10考后傾角是受力§2.7§2.7.1

圖2-11考慮主銷內(nèi)傾時受力。車?！?.7.2，2-12..2-12;AB;SPKAA;SSABc.

[2].§2.713

L

KL1h度L2算2

K2

Lcos1

2

Lsin1

)

2u2-12程.2221222212.

oY2

oLcos(i

LLsin(

2i

K2

2-22-152-14o

2-14arctg

K

1

L1OE1

KM2

)

2

2(o

2KM

)arcsin

LL1

KM22KM()22

2-15

SXi2-15.

i

22.Scos(i

2Lsin(1

i

K2

(2-4)(i

2hKMS

)arcsin

2L1

K)22KM(222

(2-5)（2-2角θ程，將（2-5角（2-2（2-5i將θ為θ：iF()i02-4角

i

程，再將角

）和2-3）將為i：()0i：i

KM(

K2

2hl1

2lsin(]2

2

)

arccos

l21

K1

lo

2l])221

2l1

(K1

lo

22

l]1o

2

)

2

§2.7.4sita20=0.0001fori=1:50sita21=atan(1/(1/tan(sita20)-1200/1650))angles1(i,1)=sita20/D2Rangles1(i,2)=sita21/D2Rsita20=sita20+D2Rendplot(angles1(:,1),angles1(:,2))axis([03030])xlabel('inputangles(degrees)')..ylabel('solvedangles(degrees)')holdr=66*pi/180h=50sita0=0L1=40L2=(((k-M)/2-L1*cos(r))^2+(L1*sin(r)-h)^2)^0.5fori=1:50sita0=sita0+D2Rendplot(angles(:,1),angles(:,2))axis([03030])('inputangles(degrees1)')('solvedangles(degrees1)')2-16..第三轉(zhuǎn)§3.1向P1+=(P1Pl--P2P3§3.1.1+1

ly+2

o()=arctanff..。§3.1.2-。。。算

t

（3-2）(31)(32)角o,-8°10°§3.2§3.2.1比比i比iwo

.hpphpp.力上力即i／F。度度ωk向比i即i

o

dt/dtdkkφdβkdt增比i比i即i=ii′。度ωw度ωK比′,i

p

/dtpk,βp向。度ωp度ωk傳i

'

即i

'

d/dtd/dt

p

。§3.2.2系力F間r系F

M

r

3-3

的力FhMhFhDSW，MDhSWiF/(3-3)(3-4)h

。

..i

p

MDrMh

(3-5)(3-5)距a比i能的a在．4．6圍的d在～60mm徑不在JB4505—86。2M／M示rrhk(3-6)(3-5)到

o

（3-6）i

iDoa

（3-7）當(dāng)α和比i。i§3.2.3比

但i越o用ip/d'Ll

ip/dkiL2/Ll。'L2L1在0.85～1.1比為i≈i=d/d轉(zhuǎn)o比i?！?.2.4律(3-7)i／Fh，當(dāng)大i力。到ii，i向性比。。..

Pbl

Pmlcos1bl

P2m1

coscosl

()()3-13-1簡））3.3隙Δt§3.3.1性()φ(3-2)..圖3-2轉(zhuǎn)向器傳動間隙特性作隙Δt。位(是15°)。。置圖線的線2置線3動?！?.3.2性做中。圖33時O1

[

n

cos

2

]

(7-8

)

..到n。圖3-3確定齒齒切齒軸線偏移傳動副徑向間隙△及傳動間隙△t的示意圖

圖3-4偏心距n不同時動△t變化距n圖距nn間距n取0.5mm?！?.4，為60角為1.5。110為3.7。0.85~1.1為1.MPaMPa.第四齒條器計§4.1定向有括摩。汽矩?！?.1.1矩算4-1原的計算設(shè)

計R

f

Gp

f=1式中f輪胎和路摩擦因

=1396.5

轉(zhuǎn)向軸負(fù)荷，為

MPaP輪胎氣壓，為?！?.1.2F

N4-2轉(zhuǎn)向力

h

的計算設(shè)

計Fh

LRDi

R式中

L

,

D

..

R

——原地轉(zhuǎn)向阻力矩,單位為

i

=3.67L2

——轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)臂長,單為；

=90%D

——為轉(zhuǎn)向直徑,位；

Fh

i——轉(zhuǎn)向器動比；——轉(zhuǎn)向器正效率。因齒輪齒條式轉(zhuǎn)向傳動機構(gòu)無轉(zhuǎn)向搖臂和轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)臂，故L不代入數(shù)值。

L1

、值?！?.1.3定4-3轉(zhuǎn)直徑的計算

計MRa

;

d

min

=10mma

;

[;M.§4.1.4徑4-4動齒的計算

計

Mnmax

;

min

=10mm

.mmmm.§4.2§4.2.1計是轉(zhuǎn)條體(。圖4-1齒條表4-5齒條的尺寸設(shè)計參數(shù)序號

項目總長直徑

符L

尺()73025

齒數(shù)

Z

31

法

Mn

2.5§4.2.2計的柱軸。表4-6齒輪的尺寸設(shè)計參數(shù)序號

項目

符

尺(

齒數(shù)

Z

18

法嚙合角

Mn

2.520°§4.2.3計這.mmmm.套齒。。圖4-2。圖4-2轉(zhuǎn)向拉桿外接頭1-橫拉桿2-鎖螺母3-外接頭殼體4-球5-六角開槽螺母6-7-端蓋8-梯9-開口銷表4-7轉(zhuǎn)向橫拉桿及接頭的尺寸設(shè)計參數(shù)序號

項目橫拉桿總長

符a

尺()

橫拉桿直徑螺

L

a

外接頭總長球頭銷總長球頭銷螺紋公稱直徑

WLdqx

M10×1

外接頭螺紋公稱直徑內(nèi)接頭總長內(nèi)接頭螺紋公稱直徑

dd

wNn

M10×165.3M10×1§4.2.4接..的饋圖。圖4-3齒條隙調(diào)整裝置注：轉(zhuǎn)向反饋是由前輪遇到平路面而引起的轉(zhuǎn)向盤的運動。表4-8齒條調(diào)裝置的尺寸設(shè)計參數(shù)序號

項目導(dǎo)向座高度彈簧總?cè)?shù)彈彈轉(zhuǎn)/

符BntDL/Hk

k

尺(5.437.926.7083195/77§4.2.5比動30°，約是1:1轉(zhuǎn)1°前向動30°傳傳。..3.667:1動3.667°，向1°數(shù)?！?.2.6在在20°，為9°15°角在12°35°。40Cr45§4.3算§4.3.1140CrC-N

53HRC

2292核按

H1

MPa

H2

650；S

H

5S

H2

.，Z

1

Z

H2

H1

以

H2

HP

H2H

2

3

500MPa

KA

，，.，K.；K7152AV.NFa1mNFa1m..，Z，HE

，

則Zcos99，5ZZHH

KTbd2

3028

格度500MPa按值Flim1

280；Flim

；S

Flim1

S；F

；N1N

；

F

Flim1

以

Flim2

算

Fp

Fp

Y280Flim2Y373.331.5Flim2：

3.69

；

sa

；

；

Y

則F

2KTYYsa1

Fp§4.3.2123數(shù)

.t

ZZ1

2

d

=1.2Y

Y=0.7=0.9數(shù)56FS

Z/V

cos3

4數(shù)m

n.TT.矩90.2×0.32=14.432

。nt

2KTcos2t11

[]F

241443221.2

7

5.6373.33074mm5、數(shù)

KK

A

由

t

znt160

.0155

,vZ1

K/100=0.00093,V取

；取

=1.3則

KAV

6、數(shù)

K

K

t

3

378

.

取

n

=2.5

mm§4.3.31

d1

mn1cos

510

=15.231

mm2

d

a1d

a

1

d.251a3

fd

f

h

f

=15.231-2

h

=15.231-2×0.625=13.981

mm4dd

1

b

mm.30°=4030°=40.即

PPb2

。為

P1n1

1為

Pcosbn

2為5高2

n

=2.5mhnan

Xn

=2.5×(1+0)=2.5

mm6高

h

f2

f

nan

n

=2.5(1+0.25-0)=3.125

mmS7距nXntann

n

n

=3.925

mm§4.4圖4-4轉(zhuǎn)向橫拉桿的運動分析簡圖動30°，約60°轉(zhuǎn)OC點E為lODOA

30°=81×cos30°=68.48

mm

=81-68.48=12.52

mmADsinmm.OOBOOB.AA

DC

AEmmA

A

CAD

E

=214.6

mmA

EA

C

=214.6-40=174.6

mmlCE1

=215-170.5=44.5

mm轉(zhuǎn)30°由心至端點至為

l

2DBDA

mmDCBB

2

2

2

=192.9

mml

CB

=20+192.9-193=44.1

mm于

l1即

L2

=44.5+44.1=88.6

mm取L=100

mm§4.5析點P力力Fr力F力F力Ft力。F/d=2×14432/15.231=1895.1t1

NFFtan/rtFt

=700.4

N§4.6§4.6.1析12..FRAV

lFFr1l

3347.6155407.246FRBVrRAV

N上FFRAH

F1895.1t947.5223圖a-a側(cè)

MaHaHRAH

1

947.52321792.5Na-a側(cè)

1

407.29365.6a-a側(cè)

2

236741.3a-a側(cè)TF2ta-a側(cè)MMaaH

22

22811.4N4圖矩Tt1§4.6.2面

/

=1895.1×15.231/2=14432.1，a-a§4.6.3

[12]

]b

]]MPa，0a-a側(cè)315.2313W346.7mm32

3.e,ame,am.M2)2

23719.7

MPaMPa]§4.6.4

B

,

300

MPa

.,.a-a

4mm16210,.;

.91，0；=1.0

M2371965.346.7

MPa

abm

T

WT

14432683

8MPa

a

20.82

S

K0.20.91S

K

1551.72S

SS2

2222

1.94[S]=1.31.5a-a..4-5..第五轉(zhuǎn)§5.15-1

5-1

的轉(zhuǎn)KiT

5-1TLr

T=L+r*tg5-1itotf)(it

KT

)

ioti

的

(ctgotii

KT

)的

io

.maximaxmaximax.i內(nèi)為中差σ為：i

omax

[()f)]ooi

（5-4）或

o

imax

[2iii,i

（5-5）W：oi(0)(1020)io0.()omax（5-4）、（5-5小?！?.2l角h角值4T()K

而l及h結(jié)?！?.2.1涉干：Aoy-Aymin>0Aoy:YlAymin的值因lcos-Aymin>0,l是：.y1y1y1y1.

Ayminl1

（5-6）§5.2.2

max

]

S

om

imax

[S]

KM2

l

l1

)

（5-1（5-3

max

[cos1

cos(

omax

)]

l

2l2

)

2

l

2lsin(21

omax

)]

max

)cos

]

l

l

i

)]

22

l1

)

2

{}

max

max

[cos(1

imax

]

lcos

omax

（5-7）coscos

imax

cos

（5-8）（5-7）（5-8§5.2.3i.

.2-12:

0

180180arcsin(0

OEl2

)2-13180arcsin(ii

O11l2

)

min

ii

i

min

40

23

i

i23

40ihh

23

l1

l2

(

max

)

arcsin

l1

il2

i

i

)望a等l1

2

sin10l1

i

2

l1

2

sin10

l1

0

2

l

i

l