紡織服裝外貿(mào)（簡(jiǎn)）課件 2

Chapter2SubjectMattersofanInternationalSalesContractSubjectmattersNameofgoodsQualityofgoodsQuantityofgoodsPacking&Marking2.1NameofGoods2.1.1KeyPoints(1)Nameofcommoditiesmustbespecificandconcrete,notvagueandgeneralinstipulation;(2)Thenamecontractedmustbethatofthegoodswhichthesellerisabletosupplyandthebuyerisinneedof;anyirrelevantorunfulfilabledescriptionshouldbeexcluded;(3)Worldstandardizednamesareadvisable;(4)Properchoiceofnamehelpsreducecustomstariffs,facilitatesimportandexportandbringsdownfreight.2.1.2HSCode

(1)HS:theharmonizedcommoditydescriptionandcodingsystem,generalreferredtoas“harmonizedsystem”orsimply“HS”.(2)ChinaadoptstheHSin1992.(3)Over98%merchandiseininternationaltradeisclassifiedintermsoftheHS.(4)Oftenlyusedinthefulfillmentofcustomsclearance.HSCodee.g.

第十一類紡織原料及紡織制品

520710

棉≥85%的棉紗線（供零售用）

550200

人造纖維長(zhǎng)絲絲束

2.2QualityofGoods

Qualityofgoods：

theintrinsicqualityandoutsideformorshapeofthegoods.2.2.1MethodsDescribingQualityofGoodsSalesbysample

salesbyseller’ssample

salesbybuyer’ssample

salesbydescriptionorillustrationSalesbyspecifications

salesbygradesalesbybrandortrademarksalesbynameoforiginorbygeographicalindicationsalesasseen2.2.1.1salesbysample

Suitableforcommoditiesthataredifficulttostandardizeandnormalize,suchastextiles,artsandcrafts.e.g.:PlainSatinSilk,100%silk,width55/56inches,length38/42yards.

(1)Salesbyseller’ssampleSellerrepresentativesample/originalsample/typesampleBuyerBuyer

sampleseller

returnsample/countersampleBuyer(2)Salesbybuyer’sampleBuyer

sampleseller2.2.1.2SalesbySpecifications

Thisappliestothegoods,thequalityofwhichcanbeindexedscientifically.(e.g.thegoodsofsetspecification,standardsorgrade.)(1)Salesbydescriptionorillustration(2)Salesbygrade(3)Salesbystandard

(4)Salesbybrandortrademark(5)Salesbynameoforiginorbygeographicalindicatione.g.ChinaflaxtableclothHeilongjiangJiamusi(6)Salesbyseene.g.Artsandcraft,jewelry,paintingetc.

OneofChina’sforeigntradecompanyexportedsoybeanstoGermany,thecontractdescribes“……..amaximum15%moistureandimpuritiesdonotexceed3%...........”.Howeverbeforethetwocompaniesmakethedeal,theChinesecompanyhadsendsamplestotheGermancompany,andalsoinformedthem“thegoodsintransactionsissimilartothesample”.

WhenthegoodsarrivedinGermany,thebuyerissuedatestcertificationwhichindicatedthatthemoistureofthegoodsare3%higherthanthesampleandthebuyerwasseeking600poundsforcompensation.CaseStudy分析

該出口公司沒有充分的理由拒絕賠償。因?yàn)橘u方行為已經(jīng)構(gòu)成雙重保證。

在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，凡是既憑樣品買賣，又憑說明買賣時(shí)，賣方所交貨物必須既符合樣品要求，同時(shí)又符合說明要求，否則買方有權(quán)利拒收貨物。

本案中，合同規(guī)定水分最高為15%，雜質(zhì)不超過3%。以此來看，雙方是憑說明進(jìn)行買賣，我方所交貨物只要符合合同規(guī)定就算履行義務(wù)。但是，我方在成交前向?qū)Ψ郊乃瓦^樣品，并且注明“貨物與所寄樣品相似”字樣，買方有理由認(rèn)為這樣業(yè)務(wù)既憑樣品又憑說明進(jìn)行交易。雖賣方電文中告訴對(duì)方貨物與樣品相似，而不是完全相符，但買方有權(quán)保留索賠的權(quán)利；因而買方檢驗(yàn)貨物與樣品不符，有權(quán)索賠。案例啟示

（1）在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，若向?qū)Ψ洁]寄參考樣品，一定注明“參考”字樣。（2）對(duì)于賣方在簽訂合同時(shí)，如能用一種方法來表示品質(zhì)的，盡可能不要再提供其他的可能與前一種品質(zhì)表述方法不太一致的表示品質(zhì)的方法，以免買賣雙方就此產(chǎn)生爭(zhēng)議與糾紛。（3）樣品的管理要嚴(yán)格。如“復(fù)樣”、“留樣”或“封樣”的妥善保管，是日后重要的物證。

2.2.2QualityClause(1)Qualitytolerancee.g.Chinasesami:moisture(max.)8%,oilcontent52%.Shouldtheoilcontentofthegoodsactuallyshippedbe1%higherorlower,thepricewillbeaccordinglyincreasedordecreasedby1%.(2)Flexableranges:allowsforqualitydifferenceswithinsomeflexibleranges.2.3QuantityofGoods2.3.1CalculationofQuantity

Ininternationaltrade,calculationofquantityisoftenmadeinsixway.2.3.1.1MetrologyinForeignTrade

S.I.CategoryNameAbbrev.LengthMetermMass(質(zhì)量)kilogramKgTimeSecondsElectriccurrent(電流)AmpereATemperatureKelvinKAmountofsubstance(物質(zhì)的量)MolemolLuminousintensity(光強(qiáng))Candela(坎德拉)cd

2.3.1.2UnitofMeasurementWeight:kg,t,MT,gm,lb,oz,LT,ST

Capacity:l,gal,buNumber:pc,pkg,pair,set,doz,rmLength:yd.(yard),m,ft.(foot),cmArea:yd2,m2,ft2,squareinchVolume:yd3,m3,ft3,cubicinch2.3.1.3MeasurementofWeight

(1)Bygrossweight:thetotalweightofapackage,includingitscontentsandpacking.(2)Bynetweight:theweightofthecontentsonly.(3)Byconditionedweight(公量):theweightequalstodryweightplusstandardmoisturecontent(wool,cotton,rawsilketc.)(4)Bytheoreticalweight:theweightiscalculatedbymultiplythetotalnumberandtheweightofeachunit.(5)Bylegalweight(貨物實(shí)重/法定重量):theweightequalstothenetweightplusdirectpacking(innerpacking),usedmainlyfortaxcalculation.2.3.2QuantityClause2.3.2.1ContentIncluding:specificquantity,unitofmeasurement,methodofmeasurement2.3.2.2Moreorlessclause(alsocalledplusorminusclause)Unlessacontractstipulatesthatthequantityofgoodsspecifiedmustnotbeexceededorreduced,atoleranceofacertainpercentmoreorless,5%moreor5%less,willbepermissible.2.3.2.3ApproximatelyorAbout

“about5,000MT”isnotadvisableasheretheword“about”maybegivenseveralinterpretation:somereferto2.5%moreorless,some5%andsome10%.

Acompanyordered400MTofsteelplates.Thekindsare6ft、8ft、10ft、12ft,100MTeachkind，5%moreorlessattheseller’soption.Butthedeliveryfromthesellerare6ft，70MT；8ft，80MT；10ft，60MT；12ft，210MT，totaldoesnotexceed420MT.Whetherthesellerbeabletogethismoneysmoothly?CaseStudy

分析

國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，一般對(duì)溢短裝條款的解釋不但總量受其約束，所列每種具體規(guī)格和數(shù)量亦受其約束。案例中雖然總量符合要求，但賣方所交每種具體規(guī)格的鋼板均與5％的約定相差甚大，其中12英尺鋼板超裝運(yùn)110％，這是違反合同的。所以買方完全有理由拒收拒付。2.3.2.4SettlementofMoreorLessClause(1)Accordingtothecontractprice

(2)Accordingtotheprevailingmarketpriceatthetimeofdeliveryatbuyer’soptionatseller’soptionCaseStudyThequantityterminthecontractsaid"10000MT5%moreorlessaccordingtothecontractpriceattheseller'soption",whenthesellerpreparingthedelivery,theinternationalmarketpricesofthisgoodssharplydeclined.Question:Ifyouaretheseller,whatisyourrealdeliveryamount?(2)Ifyouarethebuyer,inthenegotiationofthetermsofthecontract,whatshouldyoupayattention?10,500MTChoose:Accordingtotheprevailingmarketpriceatthetimeofdelivery”andatbuyer’soption2.4Packing&Marking2.4.1Typeofpacking

Transport/outerpackingCase(盒)Drums/casks/hogsheads/barrels(桶)BagBundlesorbales(捆/包)Cratesorskeletoncases(柳條箱)Containers(集裝箱)：20”、40”、45”、50”

20尺柜:內(nèi)容積為5.69x2.13x2.18m,配貨毛重一般為17.5t,體積為24-26m3

40尺柜:內(nèi)容積為11.8x2.13x2.18m,配貨毛重一般為22t,體積為54m3

40尺高柜:內(nèi)容積為11.8x2.13x2.72m.配貨毛重一般為22t,體積為68m3

45尺高柜:內(nèi)容積為:13.58x2.34x2.71m,配貨毛重一般為29t,體積為86m3

20尺開頂柜:內(nèi)容積為5.89x2.32x2.31m,配貨毛重20t,體積31.5m3

40尺開頂柜:內(nèi)容積為12.01x2.33x2.15m,配貨毛重30.4t,體積65m3.

20尺平底貨柜:內(nèi)容積5.85x2.23x2.15m,配貨毛重23t,體積28m3

40尺平底貨柜:內(nèi)容積12.05x2.12x1.96m,配貨毛重36t,體積50m3

按用途分:

(1)冷凍集裝箱(Reefercontainer)

(2)掛衣集裝箱(Dresshangercontainer)

(3)開頂集裝箱(Opentopcontainer)適合于裝載體積高大的物體，如玻璃板等。

(4)框架集裝箱(Flatrackcontainer)其特點(diǎn)是從集裝箱側(cè)面進(jìn)行裝卸。以超重貨物為主要運(yùn)載對(duì)象，還便于裝載牲畜，以及諸如鋼材之類可以免除外包裝的。

(5)罐式集裝箱(Tankcontainer)又稱貯罐式集裝箱，它用來貯運(yùn)各種氣體、液體和干粉料。Tankcontainer2.4.2Marking(1)Shippingmarking:fourtypesofinfo.areincluded(ISOstandard):Initiallettersorabbreviationofconsignee(收貨人)orbuyer；Referencenumber(i.e.Numberofcontract,billoflading,L/C)Destination(i.e.theportofplaceofdestination)Packagenumber

nameofconsignee

LONDONportofdestinationSC9750contractNo.No.4-20serialNo.ABCCO