宏觀微觀斯塔克效應(yīng)

宏觀微觀斯塔克效應(yīng)第一頁，共十頁，2022年，8月28日線性、非線性斯塔克線性和非線性效應(yīng)都同時(shí)存在，但弱場強(qiáng)時(shí)線性顯著，強(qiáng)場時(shí)非線性（二次）對(duì)分裂起住到作用。y=ax+b(x^2),對(duì)Halpha,ax和b(x^2)的交點(diǎn)在10^(5)V/cm估算太陽上可能的分裂線距量級(jí)（5mA~0.5A）圖Thereareactuallytwotypesofstarkeffect:thelinearstarkeffectandthequadraticversionofthestarkeffect.Asexpected,thelinearstarkeffectislinearlydependantontheappliedelectricfieldwhilethequadraticstarkeffectissmallerinthevalueofsplittingandvariesasthesquareoftheappliedelectricfield.第二頁，共十頁，2022年，8月28日縱向橫向電場圖第三頁，共十頁，2022年，8月28日實(shí)測中的線偏振和圓偏振橫向場觀測只看到線偏振（吸收？發(fā)射？），偏振方向平行于橫向電場；縱向場觀測看到“非偏振”的圓偏振強(qiáng)度？sigma線的位置在pi線內(nèi)側(cè)。他們的相對(duì)強(qiáng)度計(jì)算？第四頁，共十頁，2022年，8月28日可以觀測的對(duì)象考慮磁場的存在，將電場分解為平行磁場和垂直于磁場去尋找可觀測量。1）驗(yàn)證電流片的存在（電流閉合假設(shè)）；2）非完全凍結(jié)下，流場拖拽引起的霍爾電壓（正負(fù)粒子分離），發(fā)向垂直于磁場；3）暗條系統(tǒng)的電場第五頁，共十頁，2022年，8月28日第六頁，共十頁，2022年，8月28日第七頁，共十頁，2022年，8月28日觀測儀器和觀測方式譜線觀測（不行？）\兩維濾光器\快速掃描式濾光器第八頁，共十頁，2022年，8月28日HistoryoftheStarkEffectWhenZeemandiscoveredtheeffectofmagneticfieldsonthewavelengthsofemittedspectrafromanexcitedgas,theZeemaneffect,itsparkedasearchforasimilareffectduetoelectricfields.Forfifteenyearsthesearchfailedtoshowsuchaneffectandasamatteroffact,WoldemarVoigtofG?ttingen(knownforthediscoveryoftheVoigteffect)showedonatheoreticalbasis,withsomeassumptions,thatnosucheffectshouldbeexpected.Experimentalfailuretofindtheeffectofelectricfieldsonemittedspectrawasactuallyduetoaverysimplephenomenon.Excitationofatomstoshowspectrawasusuallyperformedbypassinganelectricarcthroughagas.Thegaswouldbeionizedallowingcurrenttoflowviamotionofthefreedelectronsandcollisionsbetweenelectronsandionsorelectronsandneutralatomswouldexcitetheionsoratomsandthenspectrawouldbevisibleastheionsoratomsdecayedbackdownfromtheirexcitedstates.Theproblemisthatapplyinganexternalelectricfieldtothishighlyconductivegassimplyrearrangesthechargessuchthattheelectricfieldwithinthegasisneutralizedandyouhavenoappreciablefractionoftheemittingionsoratomsexperiencinganyelectricfieldatall.JohannesStark,in1913,recognizedtheimportanceofloweringtheconductivityoftheluminousgasinordertomaintainastrongelectricfieldwithinthegas.Hismethodforaccomplishingthiswastoexaminethespectraemittedbytheluminouscanalraysbehindaperforatedcathode.GoldsteindiscoveredthesecanalrayswerediscoveredbyGoldsteinandusedbyStarktodemonstratethedopplereffect.Starkaddedasecondelectrodeimmediatelybehindtheperforatedcathodeandappliedastrongelectricfieldbetweenthisnewelectrodeandthatcathode.Hefoundthathecouldmaintainseveralhundredthousandvoltspercentimeterbetweenthem.HealsofoundthattheHydrogenlinesemittedbythesecanalraysweresplitintopolarizedcomponents.第九頁，共十頁，2022年，8月28日J(rèn)ohannesStarkwontheNobelPrizeforhisdemonstrationoftheStarkEffect.WhenStarkaimedhisspectroscopeattheregionbetweentheelectrodesfromtheside,hefoundthetransverseeffectwherespectrallinesweresplitintosymetricallypolarizedcomponentsontherightandleftoftheoriginalline.Separationbetweenthesecomponentsvariedlinearlywithelectricfieldstrength,thelinearStarkeffect.Ifthefieldisstrongenough,youcanalsoseethequadraticStarkeffectinwhichtheseparationvarieswiththesquareoftheappliedelectricfield.Withadifferentarrangementofelectrodes,Starkalsoobservedthelongitudinaleffectparalleltotheelectricfield.EachBalmerlinewasseparatedintoanumberofcomponents.ThatnumberincreasedwiththeserialnumberofthelinesothattheredHlineissplitintothesmallestnumber(9).Observingperpendiculartothefieldsomeofthecomponentsseenarepolarizedparalleltothefieldwhileothersarepolarizedperpendicular