2022屆福建省廈門市高三畢業(yè)班第二次質(zhì)量檢測英語試題（教師版含解析）

廈門市2022屆高三畢業(yè)班第二次質(zhì)量檢測英語本試卷共12頁。滿分150分。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號等信息填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束，考生將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Relaxed.B.Confident.C.Anxious.2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Schoolmates.B.Brotherandsister.C.Motherandson.3.WhosebookswillAmyprobablychoose?A.Dickens'.B.Agatha's.C.Conan's.4.Howdoesthewomanspeakerfindtheblanket?A.Lovely.B.Low-key.C.Expensive.5.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Onafarm.B.Atachocolateshop.C.Inarestaurant.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howmuchdoesthemanspendonotherthingsmonthly?A.$300.B.$1,465.C.$2,365.7.Whatwillthemanprobablydotoreducethebudget?A.Bargainovertherent.B.Quitthegymmembership.C.Cutexpensesonshopping.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Afunrun.B.Acartoonshow.C.Free-giftdelivery.9.Whatwillthemando?A.Organizeafashiondesignshow.B.Wearacartooncharactercostume.C.Participateinmakingtoyclothes.10.Whydoesthewomanhelpthemanintheend?A.Toliveuptohisimage.B.Topushhimtoloseweight.C.Topreparehimfortheevent.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WhatisSimondoing?A.Exploringthecoastline.B.Takingscenicpictures.C.Sharinghisrecenttrip.12.WherewasSimonheadedafterlanding?A.Kyushu.B.BayofIslands.C.Rotorua.13.WhatmightimpressKatemost?A.Beacheswithclearwater.B.Maoricultureandhistory.C.Thebubblingmudpool.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Enjoyingabustour.B.Talkingonthephone.C.Makingatravelplan.15.Howfarisittothedestinationaccordingtotheman?A.About15minutes'ride.B.About30minutes'ride.C.About45minutes'ride.16.Wheredoesthemanlive?A.Intheheartofdowntown.B.Onthenorthsideofthepark.C.Onthesouthsideofthecity.17.WhydoesMinataketheman'ssuggestion?A.Toadjustherschedule.B.Toreachthedestinationfaster.C.Toimprovehersenseoftime.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhoisJohnRussell?A.Areporter.B.Adetective.C.Aresearcher.19.Whendotheseedsdateback?A.Over23,000years.B.21,130to22,800years.C.13,000to26,000years.20.WhichcontinentdidthepastmigrationpathlinkAlaskawith?A.Asia.B.Africa.C.America.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ALetter1Yourarticle(November)mentionedadoctor'svisitfor“heatandcompression”treatment.Iboughtaninexpensivemicrowavablemoist-heateyecompressonlineanduseitforseveralminutesatbedtimetohelpopentheoilglands.Plus,thewarmthandritualhelpmerelaxandfallasleep.Nomoremessywashclothcompressesforme!—JulieEvansMinneapolis,MinnesotaLetter2TheQualityInninKodak,Tennessee,turningintoashelterduringahistoricwinterstormshowedsomuchkindnessthatIreadthestorytwice(November).ForSeanPateltoopenhishoteltolocalsinneedduringthestormandpoweroutage,atChristmastimeandforjust$25(thelowestpricethecorporateregulationswouldallow),waspriceless.ThetownisabetterplacebecauseofPatelandhisstaff.—AnnetteWolfeShelton,ConnecticutLetter3Yousuggestedusingtoothpickstoraiseapotlidandpreventthepotfromboilingover(October).Ipreventboiloversbyjustlayingawoodenspoonovertheopenpot.Thespoonwillpopmostofthebubblesoncontact—hasn'tfailedmeyet!—PamSnellgroveLaGrangeGeorgiaLetter4Thestoryaboutasnorkeler,CarterViss,wholosthisarmaftergettinghitbyaspeedboat(October)—andthenforgivingthedriver—wasamongthemostcompellingI'veeverread.Herewasastoryofhealthandloss,seaandshore,healingandthehopetoendureoutofthedarknessintothelight.Simplymarvelous!—LeanderJonesNorthport,Alabama1.WhichofthefollowinghighlightsLetter1?A.WeFoundaFix. B.DealingwithDryEye.C.RunOverbyaSpeedboat. D.SoNiceYouHavetoReadItTwice.2.Whoforgavethedriverafteranaccident?A.AnnetteWolfe. B.PamSnellgrove.C.CarterViss. D.LeanderJones.3.Whatdothesefourlettershaveincommon?A.Theyarenotesonpastissues. B.Theygiveadviceonhowtoread.C.Theyareremarksonhumanvirtues. D.Theyofferinformationabouthealth.【答案】1.A2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是選自《讀者文摘》的四封信。【1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一封信“Iboughtaninexpensivemicrowavablemoist-heateyecompressonlineanduseitforseveralminutesatbedtimetohelpopentheoilglands.Plus,thewarmthandritualhelpmerelaxandfallasleep.”(我在網(wǎng)上買了一款便宜的微波濕熱眼袋，睡前用幾分鐘來幫助打開油腺。此外，溫暖和儀式幫助我放松和入睡)可推知第一封信突出了我們找到了解決方法。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四封信“Thestoryaboutasnorkeler,CarterViss,wholosthisarmaftergettinghitbyaspeedboat(October)—andthenforgivingthedriver—wasamongthemostcompellingI'veeverread.”(10月，一名潛水者卡特·維斯(CarterViss)被一艘快艇撞到，失去了一只手臂，然后原諒了司機(jī)，這是我讀過的最引人入勝的故事之一)可知CarterViss在事故后原諒了司機(jī)。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圖片內(nèi)容“anniversaryissue”(周年紀(jì)念特刊)以及四封信的具體內(nèi)容，可知這四封信的共同之處是它們是對過去事情的注釋。故選A。BIliveinXizhouinYunnanProvince,onthehistoricTeaHorseRoad.IhavetoadmitthatwhenIfirstheardthatPaulSalopekwasgoingtowalktheentireglobeonhisowntwofeet,Iwasblownaway.Icouldn'timaginethattherecouldbesuchanunusualpersonintheworld.LastMay,ImetPaul.HetoldmethatitwashisfirsttimeinChina.Hetalkedtomewithgreatexcitementaboutthehistory,migrations,anddiscoveriesinmyregionofChina.HespokeoftheShu-YanduDao(theSouthernSilkRoad),thetravelsofthe17th-centuryChineseexplorerXuXiake,theTeaHorseRoadandtheearly20th-centuryAmericanbotanistJosephRock.HealsotalkedofXuanzang.PaulconsideredmanyofthemheroesandinasenseChinesepioneersofslowjournalism.IdecidedtoaccompanyPaulonhiswalktowardYunnan.OnSeptember28,2021,wesetout.Ourdaysweresimple:walk,eat,sleep,andrepeat.Wewokeupatsunrise,setoffinhighspirits,andrestedatsunset,draggingourselvesintoexhaustedsleep.Wemetmanypeopleontheroad.Somewerecurious,surroundingusandwatchingus;somegaveusdirections;someinvitedusintotheirhometotakearest;somespokeofthecharmoftheirhometown.Wemetmanybeautifulsouls,simplesoulsandwarmsouls.Wewerewalkingwithourminds.Together,wewereimpressedbythebiodiversityoftheGaoligongMountains.AsIwalkedonancientpathsthroughmountains,Iseemedtoheartheantiquevoicesofpasttravelersurgingmetobecarefulontheroad.Lookingbackonthemorethan200milesIwalkedwithPaul,Icametoarealization.Walkingforitsownsake,whilehealthyandadmirable,isonlyasmallpartofthebenefitofmovingwithourfeet.Adeeperrewardisrediscoveringtheworldaroundus,shorteningthedistancebetweeneachother,andsharingeachother'scultures.4.HowdidthewriterfirstrespondtoPaul'stravelplan?A.Scared. B.Puzzled. C.Disappointed. D.Surprised.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutPaulSalopekfromparagraph2?A.Hewasawesternjournalist. B.HehadaknowledgeofChina.C.HecametoChinaseveraltimes. D.HewasJosephRock'sacquaintance.6.Whatdoesparagraph4tellusaboutthewriterandPaul?A.Theyhonoredtheancestors. B.Theysetoffinhighspirits.C.Theysatisfiedthelocals'curiosity. D.Theybuiltbondswithpeople.7.Whatisthemainpurposeofthewriter'swritingthetext?A.Toshareandreflectonajourney. B.Tosuggestanewwayoftravel.C.Toadvocateprotectionofbiodiversity. D.TointroduceandpromoteChineseculture.【答案】4.D5.B6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者住在云南喜洲，在歷史悠久的茶馬古道上，遇到了要用雙腳環(huán)游地球的保羅·薩洛佩克，決定陪保羅去云南。描述了他們路上的見聞和感悟。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“IhavetoadmitthatwhenIfirstheardthatPaulSalopekwasgoingtowalktheentireglobeonhisowntwofeet,Iwasblownaway.Icouldn'timaginethattherecouldbesuchanunusualpersonintheworld.(我不得不承認(rèn)，當(dāng)我第一次聽說保羅·薩洛佩克要用自己的雙腳環(huán)游地球時(shí)，我被震撼了。我無法想象世界上會有這樣一個(gè)不尋常的人)”可推知，作者最初對保羅的旅行計(jì)劃感到吃驚。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“LastMay,ImetPaul.HetoldmethatitwashisfirsttimeinChina.Hetalkedtomewithgreatexcitementaboutthehistory,migrations,anddiscoveriesinmyregionofChina.HespokeoftheShu-YanduDao(theSouthernSilkRoad),thetravelsofthe17th-centuryChineseexplorerXuXiake,theTeaHorseRoadandtheearly20th-centuryAmericanbotanistJosephRock.HealsotalkedofXuanzang.PaulconsideredmanyofthemheroesandinasenseChinesepioneersofslowjournalism.(去年五月，我遇到了保羅。他告訴我這是他第一次來中國。他興奮地跟我講起我所在的中國地區(qū)的歷史、移民和發(fā)現(xiàn)。他談到了南方絲綢之路，17世紀(jì)中國探險(xiǎn)家徐霞客的旅行，茶馬之路，以及20世紀(jì)初美國植物學(xué)家約瑟夫·洛克。他還談到了玄奘。保羅認(rèn)為其中許多人都是英雄，從某種意義上說，他們是中國慢新聞的先驅(qū))”可知，保羅·薩洛佩克對中國有一定的了解。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Wemetmanypeopleontheroad.Somewerecurious,surroundingusandwatchingus;somegaveusdirections;someinvitedusintotheirhometotakearest;somespokeofthecharmoftheirhometown.Wemetmanybeautifulsouls,simplesoulsandwarmsouls.Wewerewalkingwithourminds.(我們在路上遇到了許多人。有些人很好奇，圍著我們，看著我們；有人給我們指路；有些人邀請我們?nèi)ニ麄兗倚菹?；一些人談到了家鄉(xiāng)的魅力。我們遇見了許多美麗的靈魂，樸素的靈魂和溫暖的靈魂。我們在用我們的思想行走)”可知，第四段主要說明了作者和保羅與人們建立了聯(lián)系。故選D。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Lookingbackonthemorethan200milesIwalkedwithPaul,Icametoarealization.Walkingforitsownsake,whilehealthyandadmirable,isonlyasmallpartofthebenefitofmovingwithourfeet.Adeeperrewardisrediscoveringtheworldaroundus,shorteningthedistancebetweeneachother,andsharingeachother'scultures.(回顧我和保羅一起走過的200多英里，我有了一個(gè)認(rèn)識。步行本身的好處，雖然健康和令人欽佩，但只是步行好處的一小部分。更深層次的回報(bào)是重新發(fā)現(xiàn)我們周圍的世界，縮短彼此之間的距離，分享彼此的文化)”結(jié)合文章主要講述了作者住在云南喜洲，在歷史悠久的茶馬古道上，遇到了要用雙腳環(huán)游地球的保羅·薩洛佩克，決定陪保羅去云南。描述了他們路上的見聞和感悟?？赏浦?，文章的目的是分享和回顧一段旅程。故選A。CTimezoneswerecreatedbyrailroadofficialstodealwithamajorheadache.Itwasbecomingimpossibletoknowwhattimeitwas.AtthattimeeachtownorcityintheUSkeptitsownsolartime.“Fifty-sixstandardsoftimearenowemployedbythevariousrailroadsinpreparingtheirschedulesofrunningtime,”reportedTheNewYorkTimesonApril19,1883.In1883,railroadrepresentativesattendedtheGeneralRailroadTimeConvention.OnApril11,railroadofficialsagreedtocreatefivetimezonesinNorthAmerica.AndthenewstandardtookeffectonNovember18,1883.Thoughthenewtimestandardwasnotsanctionedbythefederalgovernment,theNavalObservatoryinWashingtonofferedtosend,bytelegraph,anewtimesignalsopeoplecouldsynchronize(同步)theirwatches.Mostpeoplehadnoobjectiontothenewtimestandard.AnarticleinTheNewYorkTimesonNovember16,1883noted,“ThepassengerfromChicagotoNewOrleans,canmaketheentirerunwithoutchanginghiswatch.”Asthetimechangewasinstitutedbytherailroads,andvoluntarilyacceptedbymanytownsandcities,someincidentsofconfusionappeared.AreportinThePhiladelphiaInquireronNovember21,1883,describedanincidentwhereadebtorhadbeenorderedtoreporttoaBostoncourtroombefore10:00.Heappearedat9:48,standardtime,butwasruledthatitwasafter10:00.Incidentslikethatdemonstratedtheneedforeveryonetoadoptthenewstandardtime.However,therewereobjections.AniteminTheNewYorkTimesonJune28,1884,detailedhowthecityofLouisvillehadgivenuponstandardtime.Louisvillesetallitsclocksahead18minutestoreturntosolartime.Bythe1890s,standardtimeandtimezoneswereacceptedasordinary.ThesuccessfuladoptionintheUSin1883setanexampleofhowtimezonescouldspreadacrosstheglobe.Thefollowingyear,aconferenceinPariscreatedthetimezonesworldwideandeventuallytheycameintouse.8.Whatwastheheadacheoftherailroadofficers?A.Variousrailroads. B.Differentsolartimes.C.Endlessconferences. D.Frequentpresscoverage.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sanctioned”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Approved. B.Replaced.C.Tested. D.Raised.10.Evidenceofoppositiontostandardtimewasavailablein__________.A.TheNewYorkTimes(April19,1883)B.TheNewYorkTimes(November16,1883)C.ThePhiladelphiaInquirer(November21,1883)D.TheNewYorkTimes(June28,1884)11.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.TheUSsimplifiedtimezones. B.Pariscreateditstimezone.C.Timezoneswentworldwide. D.Timezonesprovedeffective.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了時(shí)區(qū)是怎么來的?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“AtthattimeeachtownorcityintheUSkeptitsownsolartime.”可知，讓鐵路官員頭疼的是美國的每個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)都有自己的太陽時(shí)，即：不同的太陽時(shí)，故選B?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后的“theNavalObservatoryinWashingtonofferedtosend,bytelegraph,anewtimesignalsopeoplecouldsynchronizetheirwatches.”(但華盛頓的海軍天文臺提出通過電報(bào)發(fā)送新的時(shí)間信號，以便人們可以同步到手表)及表示讓步轉(zhuǎn)折的Though可知，新的時(shí)間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)沒有得到聯(lián)邦政府的批準(zhǔn)，由此可知劃線詞詞義為“批準(zhǔn)”，故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“AreportinThePhiladelphiaInquireronNovember21,1883,describedanincidentwhereadebtorhadbeenorderedtoreporttoaBostoncourtroombefore10:00.Heappearedat9:48,standardtime,butwasruledthatitwasafter10:00.”(1883年11月21日，《費(fèi)城問詢報(bào)》的一篇報(bào)道描述了一個(gè)事件，一名債務(wù)人被要求在10:00前向波士頓法院報(bào)告。他在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間9:48出現(xiàn)，但被裁定是在10:00之后)可知，反對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間的證據(jù)可以在1883年11月21日的《費(fèi)城問詢報(bào)》找到，故選C?！?1題詳解】段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Bythe1890s,standardtimeandtimezoneswereacceptedasordinary.ThesuccessfuladoptionintheUSin1883setanexampleofhowtimezonescouldspreadacrosstheglobe.Thefollowingyear,aconferenceinPariscreatedthetimezonesworldwideandeventuallytheycameintouse.”(到了19世紀(jì)90年代，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)區(qū)被視為普通時(shí)區(qū)。1883年在美國的成功采用為時(shí)區(qū)如何在全球傳播樹立了榜樣。第二年，在巴黎召開的一次會議確立了全球時(shí)區(qū)，并最終投入使用)可知，本段主要介紹了時(shí)區(qū)走向全球，即：全球都采用時(shí)區(qū)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，故選C。DComparedtometal,ceramics(陶瓷)canbetterresisthightemperaturesandcertainsevereenvironments,buttheyarefragile.Thispotentiallycausesproblemsforinnovatorstryingtocreatelightweightversionsofthesematerials,explainingwhyceramicmaterialsarenottypicallyusedasstructuralcomponents.Facingthechallengingtaskofdevelopinglightweight,high-strengthceramicmaterials,MechanicalEngineeringAssistantProfessorLingLihasturnedtotheknobbyseastarfromthetropicalIndo-Pacificfordesigninspiration.Seastarskeletons(骨骼)aremadeofaneasilybrokenmaterial.However,thebodyoftheseastardemonstrateshighstrengthandflexibility.Uncoveringtheprinciplesofthisstructuremayhelpsolvethechallengesofmakingstrongerceramics.Whattheteamfoundwasunexpected.Theskeletonoftheknobbystarconsistsofmanymillimeter-sizedskeletalelements.Liandhisteamdiscoveredthateachisconstructedofamicrolattice(微晶)structuresouniformthatitcanbedescribedmathematically.Evenmoreinteresting,theteamfoundtheuniformstructureofthemicrolatticeisessentiallyasinglecrystalstructureatatomiclevel.Basedonthefinding,Liandhiscollaboratorsused3Dprintingtomodelandgeneratelarge-scaleversionsofthesecomplexlatticestructures,ausefulapproachinunderstandingthecomplexityoftheseuniquegeometries.Whilethe3D-printedmodelscreatedbyLi'steamwereindeedvisuallyinspiring,thetechnologyneededtobringnew,strongerceramicmicro-architecturestomarketstilllayinthefuture.Currently,3Dprintersproducestructuresatthemicrometerlevel,butprintingceramicsstillrequiresfiringthefinalproduct,whichpossiblyintroducesmanyuncontrolledtinyholesandcracks.Thesemakethestructuresextremelyfragile.Lihopesthatcontinuedadvancesinthefieldof3Dprintingandfurtherunderstandingoftheformationmechanismsofbiologicalstructureslikeseastarskeletonseventuallyofferasolution.12.WhatdoesLi'steammainlyfocusontoimproveceramics?A.Theirstrength. B.Theirflexibility.C.Theirheat-resistance. D.Theirmaincomponent.13.Inwhichaspectdotheresearchersexploreseastarskeletons?A.Function. B.Material. C.Structure. D.Size.14.Whatisabarriertothepracticalapplicationofthefinding?A.Theinabilitytoprinttinystructures.B.Thefailuretoproducealargerseastarmodel.C.Inadequatetechnologyinheatingproducts.D.Misunderstandinginthenatureofceramics.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheSecretinFragileSkeletonsB.3DPrintingforSeaStarModelsCCeramicsasPerfectStructuralComponentsD.AStarintheWorldofCeramicEngineering【答案】12A13.C14.C15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，陶瓷比金屬能更好地承受高溫和腐蝕性環(huán)境，但其易碎性往往使其容易斷裂，弗吉尼亞理工大學(xué)教授通過研究海星骨骼，為制作更堅(jiān)固的輕質(zhì)陶瓷指明了方向。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“buttheyarefragile(但是它們易碎)”及第三段最后一句“Uncoveringtheprinciplesofthisstructuremayhelpsolvethechallengesofmakingstrongerceramics.(揭示這種結(jié)構(gòu)的原理可能有助于解決制造更強(qiáng)陶瓷的挑戰(zhàn)。)”可知，陶瓷易碎，Li的團(tuán)隊(duì)主要專注于堅(jiān)固性來改進(jìn)陶瓷。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“Seastarskeletons(骨骼)aremadeofaneasilybrokenmaterial.However,thebodyoftheseastardemonstrateshighstrengthandflexibility.Uncoveringtheprinciplesofthisstructuremayhelpsolvethechallengesofmakingstrongerceramics.(海星的骨骼是由一種容易破碎的物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的。然而，海星的身體顯示出高強(qiáng)度和靈活性。揭示這種結(jié)構(gòu)的原理可能有助于解決制造更強(qiáng)陶瓷的挑戰(zhàn)。)”可知，研究人員探索的是海星骨骼的結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Currently,3Dprintersproducestructuresatthemicrometerlevel,butprintingceramicsstillrequiresfiringthefinalproduct,whichpossiblyintroducesmanyuncontrolledtinyholesandcracks.(目前，3D打印機(jī)在微米級生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)，但印刷陶瓷仍然需要燒制最終產(chǎn)品，這可能引入許多無法控制的微孔和裂縫。)”可知，燒制產(chǎn)品技術(shù)不足是這一發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)用到實(shí)際中的障礙。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第三段最后一句“Uncoveringtheprinciplesofthisstructuremayhelpsolvethechallengesofmakingstrongerceramics.(揭示這種結(jié)構(gòu)的原理可能有助于解決制造更強(qiáng)陶瓷的挑戰(zhàn)。)”可知，文章主要講述弗吉尼亞理工大學(xué)教授通過研究海星骨骼，為制作更堅(jiān)固的輕質(zhì)陶瓷指明了方向。故D項(xiàng)“陶瓷工程界之星”適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Researchshowsthatwespendone-thirdtoone-halfofourwakinglifenotlivinginthepresent.___16___Ourbrainstransportustopastevents,imaginedfuturescenesandotherinternalthoughts.Thisallowsforintrospection(內(nèi)省)—thespacetoimagine,remember,reflectandthenusethesefantasiestosolveproblems,innovateandcreate.Butintrospectioncansometimesleadtomoreharmthangood.___17___Whenwefocusinwardtoworkthroughourproblems,wemayfindthatdoingsocausesustofeelworse.Negativethoughtcycleslikethiscanmakeourcapacityforintrospectionfeelmorelikeacursethanablessing.Thefactthatintrospectionisbothahelpfultoolanddestructiveforceisagreatcontradictionofthehumanmind.Fortunately,sciencehasbeguntoexplainwhythishappens,andhowtocontrolit.___18___Thisfiresupouremotionstothedegreeofrejectingalternativewaysofthinkingabouttheissuethatmightcoolusdown.Inotherwords,weloseinsight.Onenaturalsolutiontothisproblemistozoomout—to“stepback”fromyourproblemssoyoucanthinkaboutthemmoreobjectively.___19___However,notjustanyconversationwilldo.Thekeyistofocusontalkingtopeoplewhonotonlyallowyoutoexpressyouremotionsbutalsohelpbroadenyourhorizons.Introspectioniscentraltothemakeupofthehumanmind.Thechallengeistominimizethenegativeaspectswhileachievingitspotential.___20___A.Butitcanbewonderfultoliveinthepast.B.Wenaturallyseparatefromthehereandnow.C.Itmightcontributetoanxietyanddepression.D.Anotherwaytogaininsightistotalktoothers.E.Regulatingnegativeemotionsalsohelpstoreasonwisely.F.Negativethoughtcyclesoccurwhenwezoomintoocloseonourproblems.G.Beingawareofhowourmindsworkcanhelpusmakethebestofintrospection.【答案】16.B17.C18.F19.D20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。研究表明，我們醒著的時(shí)候，有三分之一到一半的時(shí)間都不是活在當(dāng)下，我們的大腦把我們帶到過去的事件，想象未來的場景和其他內(nèi)在的想法，這也給了我們自省的空間。文章主要說明了自省的好處以及弊端?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Researchshowsthatwespendone-thirdtoone-halfofourwakinglifenotlivinginthepresent.(研究表明，我們醒著的時(shí)候，有三分之一到一半的時(shí)間都不是活在當(dāng)下)”以及后文“Ourbrainstransportustopastevents,imaginedfuturescenesandotherinternalthoughts.(我們的大腦把我們帶到過去的事件，想象未來的場景和其他內(nèi)在的想法)”可知，上文提到有三分之一到一半的時(shí)間都不是活在當(dāng)下，后文則說我們的大腦把我們帶到過去的事件，可見我們總是與此時(shí)此地的事物相分離。故B選項(xiàng)“我們自然地與此時(shí)此地分離”符合語境，故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thisallowsforintrospection(內(nèi)省)—thespacetoimagine,remember,reflectandthenusethesefantasiestosolveproblems,innovateandcreate.Butintrospectioncansometimesleadtomoreharmthangood.(這給了我們自省的空間——想象、回憶、反思，然后利用這些幻想來解決問題、創(chuàng)新和創(chuàng)造。但自省有時(shí)弊大于利)”以及后文“Whenwefocusinwardtoworkthroughourproblems,wemayfindthatdoingsocausesustofeelworse.Negativethoughtcycleslikethiscanmakeourcapacityforintrospectionfeelmorelikeacursethanablessing.(當(dāng)我們集中精力解決問題時(shí)，我們可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣做會讓我們感覺更糟。像這樣的消極思想循環(huán)會讓我們的自省能力感覺更像是一種詛咒而不是一種祝福)”可知，本句承接上文進(jìn)一步解釋說明自省帶來的弊端，故C選項(xiàng)“它可能會導(dǎo)致焦慮和抑郁”符合語境，故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Thisfiresupouremotionstothedegreeofrejectingalternativewaysofthinkingabouttheissuethatmightcoolusdown.Inotherwords,weloseinsight.Onenaturalsolutiontothisproblemistozoomout—to“stepback”fromyourproblemssoyoucanthinkaboutthemmoreobjectively.(這將我們的情緒激發(fā)到拒絕其他可能讓我們冷靜下來的思考問題的方式的程度。換句話說，我們失去了洞察力。解決這個(gè)問題的一個(gè)自然的辦法是縮小范圍——從你的問題中“退一步”，這樣你就可以更客觀地思考它們)”可知，后文提到從自己的問題中“后退一步”就可以更客觀地思考它們，即建議不要過于關(guān)注自己的問題。故F選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)我們過于關(guān)注自己的問題時(shí)，消極思維循環(huán)就會發(fā)生”符合語境，故選F。【19題詳解】根據(jù)后文“However,notjustanyconversationwilldo.Thekeyistofocusontalkingtopeoplewhonotonlyallowyoutoexpressyouremotionsbutalsohelpbroadenyourhorizons.(然而，并不是任何對話都可以。關(guān)鍵是要專注于與那些不僅能讓你表達(dá)情感，還能開闊你視野的人交談)”可知，后文提到了和人對話的注意事項(xiàng)。由此可知，本句是在建議獲得洞察力的方法是和別人交談。故D選項(xiàng)“另一種獲得洞察力的方法是和別人交談”符合語境，故選D?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Introspectioniscentraltothemakeupofthehumanmind.Thechallengeistominimizethenegativeaspectswhileachievingitspotential.(自省是構(gòu)成人類心靈的核心。我們面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是在發(fā)揮其潛力的同時(shí)盡量減少其負(fù)面影響)”可知，上文提到了減少負(fù)面影響，本句為本段最后一句，應(yīng)說明調(diào)節(jié)負(fù)面情緒的好處。故E選項(xiàng)“調(diào)節(jié)負(fù)面情緒也有助于理智思考”符合語境，故選E。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Iloveandenjoyplayingthepiano.Sowhentherecital(音樂演奏會)was___21___,Iwasdisappointed.Ihadexpecteditforlongandalready___22___mybestsongs.However,Momturnedthis___23___intosomethingworthwhile.“Youshould___24___atCarriageHouseManor.I'msurethe___25___therewouldreallyappreciatethemusic.”Tome,thiswasawin-winsituationbecausenotonlywouldIplaymoresongs,butIhavethechanceto___26___theresidents,someofwhomtragicallydidn'thavefamilies.Themuch-anticipatedday___27___arrived.Steppingintothediningarea,Isawseveralgray-hairedpeopleseeminglyenjoyingadinnerandthe___28___.Despiteon-goingconversationsattables,___29___stillhunglikeadarkcloudintheroom.Afterintroductions,Isatdowninfrontofthepiano,butterfliesinmystomach.Butmy____30____meltedawayasIplayedon.Thedinnerhourflewby.Onewomangotupandbegantocheerfully____31____abouttheroomtothebeatofthe____32____whileotherssnappedtheirfingers(打響指).Iwas____33____toseehowmusicbroughtbigsmilestotheirfaces.Callingofftherecitalwasablessingbecauseitledtous____34____thegiftofmusicwiththosewhoneededitmost.Gospread____35____wheneverpossible.21.A.cancelled B.sponsored C.organized D.postponed22.A.recorded B.prepared C.composed D.sung23.A.burnout B.letdown C.getaway D.turnaround24.A.relax B.investigate C.perform D.wait25.A.seniors B.nurses C.guards D.musicians26.A.cheerup B.settledown C.commenton D.huntfor27.A.simply B.accidentally C.finally D.nearly28.A.freedom B.vacation C.company D.privilege29.A.silence B.horror C.confusion D.loneliness30.A.desperation B.nervousness C.frustration D.embarrassment31.A.spin B.wander C.dance D.glance32.A.drums B.heart C.words D.music33.A.determined B.upset C.curious D.amazed34.A.carrying B.exchanging C.discussing D.sharing35.A.faith B.kindness C.message D.awareness【答案】21.A22.B23.B24.C25.A26.A27.C28.C29.D30.B31.C32.D33.D34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者的音樂會被取消，感到很失望。在媽媽的建議下，作者去馬車之家莊園演奏，為孤獨(dú)的老人帶來歡樂。21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：所以當(dāng)音樂演奏會被取消時(shí)，我很失望。A.cancelled取消；B.sponsored發(fā)起；C.organized組織；D.postponed推遲。根據(jù)“Iwasdisappointed.Ihadexpecteditforlongandalready___2___mybestsongs.”可知，作者期待已久的音樂演奏會被取消。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我期待了很久，已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了我最好的歌曲。A.recorded記錄；B.prepared準(zhǔn)備；C.composed作曲；D.sung唱。根據(jù)“Sowhentherecital(音樂演奏會)was___1___,Iwasdisappointed.”可知，作者為音樂演奏會準(zhǔn)備好了最好的歌曲。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，媽媽把這種失望變成了有意義的事情。A.burnout燒壞；B.letdown失望；C.getaway逃走；D.turnaround好轉(zhuǎn)。根據(jù)“Iwasdisappointed.”可知，媽媽把作者的失望變成有意義的事情。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：你應(yīng)該到馬車之家莊園去表演。A.relax放松；B.investigate調(diào)查；C.perform表演；D.wait等待。根據(jù)“Ihadexpecteditforlongandalready___2___mybestsongs.”可知，媽媽建議作者去馬車之家莊園去表演準(zhǔn)備好的歌曲。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我相信那里的老年人一定會喜歡這些音樂的。A.seniors年長者；B.nurses護(hù)士；C.guards警衛(wèi)；D.musicians音樂家。根據(jù)“Steppingintothediningarea,Isawseveralgray-hairedpeopleseeminglyenjoyingadinnerandthe___8___.”可知，馬車之家莊園里住著老人。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：對我來說，這是一個(gè)雙贏的局面，因?yàn)槲也粌H會演奏更多的歌曲，而且我有機(jī)會讓居民高興起來，不幸的是，其中一些人沒有家庭。A.cheerup高興起來；B.settledown定居；C.commenton對……評論；D.huntfor尋找。根據(jù)“thiswasawin-winsituation”和“someofwhomtragicallydidn'thavefamilies.”可知，作者可以通過演奏歌曲讓不幸的居民高興起來。故選A。【27題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：萬眾期待的那一天終于到來了。A.simply簡單地；B.accidentally偶然地；C.finally最終；D.nearly幾乎。根據(jù)“Ihadexpecteditforlongandalready___2___mybestsongs.”可知，作者期待已久演奏的那一天終于到來了。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：走進(jìn)用餐區(qū)，我看到幾個(gè)頭發(fā)花白的人似乎在享受晚餐和陪伴。A.freedom自由；B.vacation假期；C.company陪伴；D.privilege特權(quán)。根據(jù)“Isawseveralgray-hairedpeopleseeminglyenjoyingadinner”可知，作者準(zhǔn)備演奏時(shí)，恰好是老人在享受晚餐和陪伴的時(shí)間。故選C。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管餐桌上的談話不斷，但孤獨(dú)仍像烏云一樣籠罩著房間。A.silence沉默；B.horror恐怖；C.confusion混淆；D.loneliness孤獨(dú)。根據(jù)“someofwhomtragicallydidn'thavefamilies.”可知，其中一些人失去了家庭成員，所以很孤獨(dú)。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但當(dāng)我繼續(xù)演奏時(shí)，我的緊張感消失了。A.desperation絕望；B.nervousness緊張；C.frustration挫折；D.embarrassment尷尬。根據(jù)“Afterintroductions,Isatdowninfrontofthepiano,butterfliesinmystomach.”可知，作者剛開始演奏時(shí)很緊張。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一名女子站起來，隨著音樂的節(jié)拍歡快地在房間里跳舞，其他人打著響指。A.spin旋轉(zhuǎn)；B.wander漫步；C.dance跳舞；D.glance一瞥。根據(jù)“Onewomangotup”可知，這位女子站起來隨著音樂的節(jié)拍跳舞。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一名女子站起來，隨著音樂的節(jié)拍歡快地在房間里跳舞，其他人打著響指。A.drums鼓；B.heart心臟；C.words詞；D.music音樂。根據(jù)“Onewomangotupandbegantocheerfully___11___abouttheroom”可知，女子隨著音樂的節(jié)拍跳舞。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很驚訝地看到音樂是如何讓他們的臉上綻放笑容的。A.determined有決心的；B.upset沮喪的；C.curious好奇的；D.amazed驚訝的。根據(jù)“seehowmusicbroughtbigsmilestotheirfaces.”可知，作者看到他們的臉上綻放笑容很驚訝。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：取消演奏會是一件好事，因?yàn)樗屛覀儼岩魳返奶熨x分享給最需要它的人。A.carrying攜帶；B.exchanging交換；C.discussing討論；D.sharing分享。根據(jù)“Callingo