英語寫作句子匯總

英語句子概論1英語句子概論

基本成分附屬成分

獨(dú)立成分

省略成分

連接成分

簡單句

并列句復(fù)合句并列復(fù)合句語法術(shù)語2主語

Subject謂語Predicateverb賓語Object狀語Adverbialmodifier3表語Predicative定語Attributive補(bǔ)語Complement系動詞Copulaorlinkingverb4動詞Verb及物動詞Transitiveverb(v.t.)不及物動詞Intransitiveverb(v.i.)名詞Noun(n.)動名詞Gerund5副詞Adverb(ad.)形容詞Adjective(adj.)介詞Preposition(prep.)連詞Conjunction6并列連詞Coordinatingconjunction從屬連詞Subordinatingconjunction副詞連詞Adverbialconjunction短語Phrase7名詞(動詞/形容詞/副詞/現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/不定式)短語Noun(v./adj./adv./presentparticiple/pastparticiple/infinitive)phrase從句Clause主語從句Subjectiveclause8定語從句Attributive/adjectiveclause賓語從句Objectiveclause狀語從句(原因,時間,地點(diǎn),目的,結(jié)果,條件,讓步)Adverbialclause(reason,time,place,purpose,result,condition,concession)9簡單句Simplesentences并列句Compoundsentences復(fù)合句Complexsentences并列復(fù)合句Compound-complexsentences合并句Combinedsentences10Lie

虛度,使空閑Lieidle被擱置不用Go=

become變?yōu)?變得Theygomad他們瘋了.hairthathadgonegray.變灰白的頭發(fā)11主語＋不及物動詞（S+Vi）主語＋及物動詞＋賓語(S+Vt+O)

主語＋系動詞＋表(S+V+predicative)

主語＋雙賓動詞+間賓+直賓(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)

主語＋賓補(bǔ)動詞＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)語

(S+Vt.+O+O.complement)There+be/stand/lie/live...簡單句的五種基本句型主語、動詞（不及物動詞、及物動詞、雙賓動詞、系動詞、賓補(bǔ)動詞)、賓語及補(bǔ)語可以稱為基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2個基本成分，至多4個基本成分。12nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主語謂語賓語賓語賓補(bǔ)表語賓語(間)賓語(直)VtV-lViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitive英語句子基本成分示意圖be/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/lie

become/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.13主語＋不及物動詞Shecame．/Myheadaches.主語＋及物動詞＋賓語ShelikesEnglish.主語＋系動詞＋主語補(bǔ)語Sheishappy．主語＋雙賓動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.主語＋賓補(bǔ)動詞＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)語Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.簡單句基本句型實(shí)例14附屬成分基本成分的修飾語?？梢允牵憾ㄕZ：即用來修飾名詞的單詞、短語或從句狀語：即用來修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、短語或從句。定語(attribute)Poor

Johntotteredtowardahospitalnearby．ShelikesorangesimportedfromtheUSA.JohngaveMarymany

books，whicharefullofillustrations．Haveyouseenthebookonthedesk?Theboyplayingoverthereismybrother.Peopletherelikesports.15Johnoftencametochatwithme．Johnlikesorangesverymuch．Wheneverhegetsdrunk，JohnmakesMaryveryangry．Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.Ashewasill,

hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Myfatherworkedinthisschool

tenyearsago.You’dbetterstayhere.狀語(adverbialmodifier)16Examples:Oh！Whatisthat?。@嘆詞）Hehas，alas，failedagain．Comehere，John．（呼語）Rollon，Ocean，rollon．句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影響句子的完整性。這種成分和句子的其他詞沒有語法的關(guān)系。獨(dú)立成分(substantive)17

（You）Comehere．

（Iwishyou）Goodluck！ Somegavehimpraises，butothers（gavehim）rotten eggs． Herunsasfastas,if(hedoes)not(run)faster,than you.

(I)Hopeyoulikeit. JohnshouldcleantheroomtodayandPeter(should cleanit)tomorrow.句中被省略的成分，雖然未說出來，卻在句中表示一定的意思：省略成分(OmissiveComponent)18連接成分實(shí)際上是一個連詞，用來連接兩個或幾個平行的詞、短語和分句。這種連詞叫做并列連詞。另一類連接成分是用來連接兩個句子、且一個句子從屬于另一個句子（即從句）的連詞。這類連詞叫從屬連詞。從屬連詞主要用于引導(dǎo)各種從句。一個完整的句子（主句或從句）必須包含2個到4個基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，還可包含一個或更多其他的句子成分。連接成分(Conjunctive

Component)19簡單句簡單句(simplesentence)

只有一個限定動詞（即只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)），它是最小的句子單位。主要起下列四種作用中的一種。作一種陳述提出一個問題發(fā)出一種命令或請求表示一種感嘆Examples:Theboyhitthedog./Thedogbittheboy.Thegirlreadthebooks./Thebookspleasedthegirl.Stephenapologizedatonce.Doestheshopcloseat7tonight?Shutthedoor.Whataslowtrainthisis!20簡單句的基本詞序主語 動詞部分 賓語 狀語 （謂語） 方式 地點(diǎn) 時間I bought ahat yesterday.Thechildren ran home.Thetaxidrivershoutedatme angrily.We ate ourmeal insilence.Thecar stopped suddenly.Ayounggirlwalked confidentlyintheroom.Theydrovehimaway inapolicecar.21簡單句的擴(kuò)展成份簡單句的主語、賓語可以加上一個短語（如定語）來擴(kuò)展，及物動詞或不及物動詞也可以與其它短語（如狀語）連用進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。Iboughtaraincoatwithawarmlining(內(nèi)層,內(nèi)襯).Thedogjumpedthroughthewindow.Heissavinguptobuyamobilephone.Abrightlittleboywithrosycheeksputthreebottlesofmilkquietly

onmydoorstep

beforeseveno’clock.Heworkedlikeamadman

inthegarden

onSaturday.Theyounggirlwithlongblackhairseemstobeveryhappy.22兩個簡單句的主語可以連詞and、but、both..and、either…or、neither…nor、notonly…butalso等連詞連接組成一個簡單句，但應(yīng)注意主語和謂語動詞的一致性。ThebossisflyingtoParis.HissecretaryisflyingtoParis.

Theboss

and

hissecretary

areflying

toParis.

Both

theboss

and

hissecretary

areflying

toParis.ThebossisflyingtoRome.HissecretaryisnotflyingtoRome.

Theboss

butnot

hissecretary

isflying

toRome.ThebossmaybeflyingtoBerlin.HissecretarymaybeflyingtoBerlin.

Either

theboss

or

hissecretary

isflyingto

Berlin.ThebossisnotflyingtoYork.Hissecretaryisn’tflyingtoYork.

Neither

theboss

nor

hissecretary

isflying

toYork.主語、謂語、賓語的合并23兩個簡單句的賓語可由and、both…and等連詞連接組成一個簡單句。ImetJane.Imetherhusband.

ImetJaneandherhusband. ImetbothJaneandherhusband.Itwascold.Itwaswet.

Itwascoldandwet.Ididn’tmeetJane.Ididn’tmeetherhusband.

Ididn’tmeeteitherJaneorherhusband. ImetneitherJanenor

herhusband.兩個或兩個以上限定動詞也可合并為一個簡單句。Wesangallnight.Wedancedallnight.

Wesanganddancedallnight.主語、謂語、賓語的合并24并列句需把幾個意思連接在一起時，可用分號或把兩個或幾個簡單句用并列連詞連接起來，這種結(jié)構(gòu)即構(gòu)成一個并列句(compoundsentence)。用分號：Wefishedallday;wedidn’tcatchathing.用分號，后跟一個連接副詞：Wefishedallday;

however,wedidn’tcatchathing.用并列連詞（如and、but、so、yet等）Wefishedallday,but(we)didn’tcatchathing.25并列句常用并列連詞

coordinatingconjunctions平行并列連詞:轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞：因果并列連詞:

選擇并列連詞:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor,andthenbut,while,yetfor,soor,either…or,neither…nor26并列句并列句的詞序：并列句基本上保留了簡單句的詞序。主語 謂語賓語連詞主語動詞表語Jimmyfelloffhisbikebut(he)wasn’thurt.五種簡單句型可用并列連詞連接起來組成并列句。

主謂狀（方式）連主謂表Frankworkedhardand(he)becameanarchitect.主謂賓連主謂地點(diǎn)I’vegotacold,soI’mgoingtobed.

主謂賓賓補(bǔ)連主謂賓Theymadehimchairman,but(they)didn’tincreasehissalary.27Exercise:請用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個并列句。Hewastired,sohewenttobed.1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.

2.Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt.Hewasafraidofthedog.3.Hemadeapromise.Hedidn’tkeepit.Hemadeapromise,butHedidn’tkeepit.Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt,forhewasafraidofthedog.28由一個主句和一個或者一個以上從句所構(gòu)成的句子。在英語書面語中應(yīng)用廣泛。主句是一個完整的句子,它可以獨(dú)立存在。從句是一個不完整的句子,它必須和一個主句連用，不能獨(dú)立存在。復(fù)合句(complexsentence)可以通過把兩個以上簡單句連接在一起構(gòu)成,但復(fù)合句的各組成部份并非同等重要，其中一個句子由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)（從句），用以修飾另一句子（主句）。

復(fù)合句=主句+從句復(fù)合句29復(fù)合句是在簡單句的基礎(chǔ)上，通過從屬連詞將兩個或兩個以上簡單句連接在一起而構(gòu)成。從屬連詞所引導(dǎo)的從句起形容詞、名詞、副詞的作用。復(fù)合句主要包含以下類型從句： 1.主語從句2.賓語從句 3.表語從句4.定語從句 5.狀語從句6.同位語從句英文寫作中最常使用的從句賓語從句狀語從句定語從句30復(fù)合句=簡單句+從屬連詞/關(guān)系代詞+簡單句Hetoldme

thenews.thatthematchhadbeencancelled.賓語howmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycar.thatIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.howmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycarandthatIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.whenhewasleavingforParis.thathisfatherwasworkinginthatschool.賓語從句31復(fù)合句=簡單句+從屬連詞/關(guān)系代詞+簡單句Idon’tknowhim.Hehasfinishedhisworkthathehasfinishedhiswork.whetherhehasfinishedhiswork.賓語從句HeisleavingforWashington.thatheisleavingforWashington.whenheisleavingforWashington.whyheisleavingforWashington.howheisleavingforWashington.whetherheisleavingforWashington.32復(fù)合句=簡單句+從屬連詞/關(guān)系代詞+簡單句thepeople

surprisedThatWhathesaidwhathedid主語Thathedidn’tknowtheanswerintheroom.定語whoweresittingintheroom.whowerepresent.whosesonswereatwar.whohadsignedthecontract.33復(fù)合句=簡單句+從屬連詞/關(guān)系代詞+簡單句That

isthefact.表語whatheneeds.whathegaveme.whyhewaslate.becausehewasill.whathashappened.34復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句=簡單句+從屬連詞+簡單句Heworked

inthatfactorythreeyearsago.地點(diǎn)狀語時間狀語wherehisfatherworkedinthatfactorywhereIlivedwhenhelivedthereHisfatherworkedthere.Ilivedthere.Helivedtherethreeyearsago.35復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句=簡單句+從屬連詞+簡單句Putthebook

onthedesk.whereyoutookit.whereitwas.地點(diǎn)狀語where

youfoundit.Youcan’tcamphere.wheretherearealotoftrees.whereveryoulike.36常見的從屬連詞

(subordinatingconjunctions):Time–after,before,since,until,when,while,whenever,assoonasPlace–where,whereverReason–because,since,asPurpose–sothat,inorderthatResult–so…that,such…thatCondition–if,unless,providedthatConcession–although,though,aslongas37指出下列各從句的類型Ibelievethateverythingisgoingonwell.ShewasreadinganovelwhenIcamein.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.賓語從句狀語從句定語從句Practice38用所給連詞連接句子。Hehasfound