2020屆高考英語專項練習專題八：《七選五說明類專練》(含答案)

2020屆高英語專項練習專題八：七選五說明類專練第I卷選擇題題分，40）一．七選五根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。A（考點24中難TheUSAisbymanydifferentimmigrantculturesthatproducedanewandmixedculture.MostAmericanscelebratedifferentcustomswhichinothercountriesandstartseveralnewtraditionsandcultures.①__________②__________Theytoliveindependently,andcommunicatedirectly,honestlyandinformallywiththeirfamilies,friendsandcolleagues.Americansalwayskeepadvancingwiththetimes.③__________InAmerica,isrelativelycommonforbothparentstowork,andAmericanwomenareequalpartnersinmarriage.IntheUSA,thecommonfamilyunitconsistsoftheparentsandchildrenlivingunderoneroof.MostAmericanchildrenaretaughttothroughorganizedsportsandeducation,aswellspeakouttheirmindsandhaveconfidencetostandupforwhattheybelievein.④__________Manyimmigrantfamiliesalsofeatureseveralgenerationslivingunderoneroof,withyoungerfamilymembersrespectingtheelders’needsandvaluingtheiropinions.Whenpeoplefromdifferentculturesmarriedandhavechildren,theymayhavewhenitcomestomaintainingtheiruniquetraditionsandsharedcustomsatthesametime.⑤__________However,withalittleeffort,inthesecanbenefitfromhavingbothandtraditions.Childrenwhoareraisedbilinguallycanalsobenefitinfutureandlearndecisionsthanmonolingualkids.ManyAmericansfindhappylifeisimportant.TheyarealsotorespecttheirparentsatallItcanbeachallengetofindtheperfectbetweencultures.Accordingtosocialists,Americanculturehasmanyaspects.Americanchildrentofollowtheirparentsadviceandarguewiththem.ChangingratherthanstickingtotraditionisconsideredbymanyAmericansimprovement.Thedifferenceiseasytodealwithparentscanmeetalfwayandstandtheother’sshoes.B（考點24中難）IstillremembermyfirsttimegoingtoChinesecompany'scanteen.WhenIsteppedontotheelevator,eachonewasfullofpeople.①___________However,therewasnosignoffireandlaughinandtalking.followedtheflowofthecrowdtothedoorsofthecanteen.ItoccurredmeinChinaeveryonehaslunchalmostatthetime.②___________Thecanteenfollowedthisschedule,onlybeingopenafewhoursperday.WhenIstoodintheIrealizedhadtoorIwouldbeleftbehind.③___________Unlikemyschoollunchroom,hereeveryonelinedupandtookatray,andinsteadofsilverwaretherewerechopsticksandsoupspoons.Aswasalongline,sawrecognizeandaspeoplecutinlineandupdishesleftandright,④___________endeduptakingaporkandcucumberdishandasalad.Ihavebeenmycompanyforoverandahalf.⑤___________IhavedwhatIlike,mostlytrialanderror,alotoftheworkersmeandsayhellotome.Iamstilltoeatinglunchat"lunchtime",butIthinkthescheduledefinitelyhelpskeepmeontrackduringtheday.Iwishthereweresomethinglikethisatofficesinmyhometown.IthoughtIhadmissedafiredrill.Therewasnoemergency;itwasjustlunchtime.Inoticedatlunchtimewereabitdifferent.IfeltthatIneededtomakesomequickdecisions.Thecanteenremindedmeofmylunchroom.AndnowIamgladtosayIammoreconfidentinthecanteen.IwasnotveryfamiliarwiththelocalfoodorrestaurantsinChina.C（考點24中難Earthishometo7,000languages,aroundhalfofwhichareexpecteddisappearLanguagesdisappearformanyreasons.Sometimesyoungergenerationsstopleamingabecauseparentswantchildrentofitin.①__________NativeAmericanchildrenofthelate-19thcenturywererequiredtoattendschoolswhereeducatorsforbadethemfromtheirnativelanguages.TheUnitedNationsranksendangeredlanguagesaccordingtheirriskFora"criticallyendangered"languageisonegrandparentsdon'tspeakoften.NewYork'Onondagalanguageisanexamplewithonly50speakersleft.An"extinct"languagehasnospeakers.isforever.Alaska'sEyaklanguageisoneexample.②__________③__________Inthesameway,differentlanguagescontributetoculturaldiversity.Savingtheselanguagesbenefitsourunderstandingofothercultures.Languagescanshowasocietylooksattheworldandwhatitvalues.languagemaydescribesomethinginawaythatisfunny,too.InWelsh,itrainsnotcatsanddogs,butoldwivesandwalkingsticks.TheEndangeredLanguageAlliancewantslanguagesfromdisappearing.④__________However,itseffortsarelimited.Ifendangeredlanguagegoingtomakearealcomeback,itllprobablygetitsstartschools.Fornearlyyears,publicHawaiididnotteachHawaiianlanguage.NowstudentscankeeplearninginHawaiianelementaryschoolscollegeandbeyond.⑤__________AtleastoneIn1881,aJewishlinguistnamedEliezerBen-Yehudabroughtthe3,000-year-oldHebrewbacktolife.TodayisoneoftheofficiallanguagesofthecountryofIsrael,withmorethan4speakers.Thelastpersonwhospokeitdiedin2008.Whyshouldweendangeredlanguages?Variousanimalsandplantsbenefitourenvironment.Withjust5left,itisabsolutelyendangered.Canalanguagewithzeronativespeakerscometolife?Sometimessocietiesforceminoritiestouptheirlanguage.Thenonprofitgroupfindsnativespeakersandrecordstheirstories.D（考點24中難Long,longagopeoplecouldn'twritehadnobooks.Buthadstories.PeoplelearnedthestoriesbyheartandtaughtnewonestoSometimesitwashardtorememberthemall.①________TheancientEgyptianswrotetheirstoriesonsomethingmadefrompapyrus草plants.PeopleinotherplaceslearnedtousefromtheEgyptians.②_______Soparchment(羊紙，madefromgoatskin，latertookitsplace.Inancientbookslookedlittledifferent.Atthattime,peoplethereusedtowriteonbambooorsilk.Andthentheyinventedpaper.Madeof，paperwaseasierandcheapertomakethanpapyrusparchment.③________PapermakinglaterspreadtotheWest,buttherewasabigproblemwiththeseearlybooks.Everysingleonetobecopiedandwrittenbyhand.④______Theycarved雕刻apageofword'sintoapieceofwoodorcouldthenprintpagespreadinginkonthewoodorstoneandputtingitagainstpaper.Butitwasn'tuntilaGermanprinterinventedmetalthatbooksbecamefastandeasytomake.Thecouldbeusedtoprintcopyaftercopy,andtheputtogetheragainandagaintoprintdifferentpagesofwords.⑤_______Oncealuxury(奢品onlycouldbuy.itsoonbecameatreasureeveryonecouldenjoy,ButpapyrusgrewmainlyinIttookyearstomakingjustonebook.Finallybookscouldbeprintedthethousands.Thingsgrewalittlewritingwasinvented.Itssurfacewassmootherandforontoo.BooksintheWestdidn'tchangeforaafterthat.TheChinesewerethefirsttothinkofawaytospeedalittle.第II卷（選擇題題1.5分共60分）語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空處填入1適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。（）Friendshipisoneofthemostimportantthingsin’slife.①__________isverydifficulttofindabetterdefinition(義offriendship.Atruefriendisperson②__________點10cansharealloursadnessanddoubleallourhappiness.Intimeof嘗試),heorsheisalwaysattogiveushisorherhelpandcomfort.Knowinghowvaluablefriendshipis,webe③__________考ourofafriend.Weshould④__________(choice)thoseagoodcharacterasourbuttrytoavoid⑤__________考08(make)friendswithabadman.Besides,weforgivetheirmistakesandtrytohelpasmuch⑥__________possible.Atruealways⑦__________點09(trust),lovedandrespected.Ifyoutellfriendyour,heorshewillnottellothers.Friendssharetheirjoys⑧__________考12unhappiness.helpeachotherwhentheyare⑨__________點03,andcheereachotherupwhentheyaresad.⑩__________考點01importantthingisthatafriendunderstandsyou.Inconclusion,whenafriend,donforgethimorher.（）TheBritishMuseum,①___________點08(locate)theBloomsburyofLondon,isthefirstnationalpublicmuseumdedicatedtohumanhistory,artandculture.Itspermanentcollectionnumberssomemillionworks,makingitoneofthelargest②___________考點4(exist).Ithasbeen③___________考點06(wide)sourced,documentingthestoryhuman④___________考點03itsbeginningstothepresent.Aswithallothernationalmuseumsin⑤___________UnitedKingdom,itchargesnoadmissionfee.Itsownershipofsomeofitsmostfamousobjects⑥___________考10originallycamefromothercountriesiscontroversial,particularlyinthecaseoftheParthenonMarbles.Todaythemuseumnolongerhouses___________考點04(collection)ofnaturalhistory,andthebooksandmanuscripts(手稿onceit___________考點09(hold)oftheindependentLibrary,⑨___________點itstillkeepsitsuniversalityincollectionsartificialworks⑩___________考點08(represent)theculturesoftheworld,andmodern.（）Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Somemyfriendswhohadtherebeforesaid①__________wasawonderfuldestination.Beforewewent,wehadplannedformonths.Whenthedaycame,wewereready.Afterourplanelanded,wewentthehotel.Wehadourreservationsixmonths②__________考點06(early),butthemanthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.We③__________考09(tell)thatourroomshadn'tbeenreservedthatweek,④__________考12forweekafter.Iunderstand⑤__________thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeencharged⑥__________點03thereservation.What'shotelhadbeenfullybooked.Whenwewonderingwhattocameout.Shewas考06(surprise)helpful.apologizedformistakeandgaveusaspareVIPon⑧__________點01topfloor.Wehadneverinsuchanamazingroom,andweweren'tchargedextra.Thenextday,brotherandItothebeach考點13wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.Wegotalittle⑩__________考點08(sunburn),butthedayhadbeenrelaxingthatwedidn'tmind.（）TheBritishhavemanytraditionsbutthereisnothingmorequintessential(典的thantakingafternoontea.WeknowtheBritishhaveloveaffairwithdrinkingtea,①__________考點03/08morethan160millioncupsdrunkeveryday,butwasinventionofafternoonteathattea-drinkinginto②__________考點01popularpastime.Thissociablefeastinvolvesdrinkinggooqualitytea③__________考點06(comfort)while(小口吃onsandwiches,sconeswithjamandcreamandaselectionofsmallcakes.ofcourse,itcanonlyhappenintheafternoon!Afternoontea,④__________考點08(design)asalightsnacktobridgethegapbetweenlunchanddatesbacktothe1840s.Itwentontobecome⑤__________點6(fashion)socialoccasionfortheupperclasses.Nowthereisaresurgence復)inits⑥__________點(popular)intheUKanditisavailabletonewhocanaffordit.⑦__________itcanbeenjoyedathome,thebesttoexperienceitisatasmarthotelofcafé.Butyou’rethinkingofvisitingsuchaplace⑧__________(enjoy)aplateofsweetandtastytreatswithasteaminghotbrew,remembertherulesyoumustfollowavoid⑨__________考點(ask)toleave.WriterHenryJamesoncenotedthat“therearefewhoursinlifemoreagreeablethanthehourdevotedtotheceremonyknownafternoontea”.’monceyoutryit,you________點09(agree).參考答案一、七選五答案：A;F;B;C答案：ABEDF解析：本文講述了作者第一次在中企餐廳就餐的感受。1.A【解析】根據(jù)下文“然,沒有著火的跡人們都有說有笑”可,設空處的內容需說一下為何提到“有著火的跡象”。A項“我本以為錯過了消防演習”解釋了為何作者會認為應該出現(xiàn)著火的情,選。解據(jù)我突然想起在中每一個人幾乎都在同一時間吃午飯”和下文“餐廳遵守著這個時間表”可項“根本沒有什么緊急情,只過是午飯時間而已”符合語,故選B項。E【解析】下文“每個人排著,拿著一個托還有筷子和湯匙而不是銀餐具”描述的是買飯時的,由此可知E項這個餐廳讓我想起我學校的餐廳”是對作者看到的餐廳場景的總,且E項的schoollunchroom下文呼應,故選E項4.D【解析】根據(jù)上文中描述周圍同事取菜的場景和下文中提到的“我最終選擇了黃瓜炒肉和豆腐沙拉”可設空處應該與作者取午餐相,項“覺得我應該快速作決定”是對作者取到午餐前的心理描,合語,故選項。5.F【解析】根據(jù)設空前的“在公司已經(jīng)一年半多了”以及設空后的“主要是通過反復摸索以我經(jīng)知道了我喜歡吃什么菜,許多員工也認識我了并且和我打招呼”可,該段的內容是對作者熟悉在中企工作后的描,F項現(xiàn)在我可以很高興地說我在餐廳更加自信了”是對作者熟悉中餐廳后的描,故選F項C、答案：A;C;G;E解析：由第二段內容可,整段都在說語言消失的原所以小題也是在陳述語言消失的原因。故F選切題。由An"extinct"languagehasnospeakers.ItisgoneAlaska'Eyaklanguageisoneexample.可知,已經(jīng)滅絕的語言沒有說種這語言的人了。它永遠消失了。阿拉斯加語言就是一個例子。所小題的是說這種語言的最后一人死于2008年這種語言也就永遠消失了。符合對前文的解釋。故A選切題。由第三段可,第三段主要在講述人們受益于不同種的語言。再由inthesame可知,小題3在述各種動植物有益于環(huán)境以說明多種語言也有益于人類。故C選項切題。由TheEndangeredLanguageAlliancewantstosavelanguagesfrom可知,這瀕臨滅絕語言聯(lián)盟希望挽救這些即將消失的語言。小題2要明他們具體的做法。故G選切題。由Atleastonedid.In1881,aJewishlinguistnamedEliezerBen-Yehudabroughtthe3,000-year-oldHebrewbacktolife.TodayitisoftheofficiallanguagesofthecountryofIsrael,with4millionspeakers.可知至有一種語言做到了。在1881年一名叫EliezerBen-Yehuda的猶語言學家使這個有3千年歷史的希來語復活。今,是以色列的官方語言之一,有多使用者。所以通過回答和舉例說明我們可以判斷出小題5要問沒有人說的語言能復活嗎”故E選切題。D、答案：DAEGC解析：D〔提示：根據(jù)第二段—句TheancientEgyptianswrotetheirstoriesonsomethingmadefromplants.(古埃及人把他們的故事在用紙莎草這種植物制作的東西上。）可知，第一段的最后一句承接第一段的內容并引起第二段的內容，所以應該填與“把故事寫下來”相關的內容?！矨〔提示根前后文，由于紙莎草做的東西可以記錄故事，所以其他地方的人也想采用這種方后文又提到一種羊皮紙后來取代了紙莎草，說明其他地方的人得到紙莎草不容易，才會選擇轉代物A項合境?！矱〔提示：根據(jù)前一句Madeoftreespaperwasandcheapertomakethanpapyrusorparchment.(樹木制造的紙，相比紙莎草和羊皮紙更加便宜和容易制作。）可知，這一段是在講用樹木制作紙的特點?！?.G〔提示這空為句首的句子，所以結合整段內容可知，這一段是在講述怎樣讓書的制造過更加簡易迅速。結合選項G中的speed可得出答案?！?.〔提示此為最后一段的首,合全文可知，這一段對于書的發(fā)展史進行了總結項合語境，現(xiàn)在的書可以成千上萬的復制印刷?！扯?、語法填空答案：It;who;careful;choose;making;as;betrusted;and;in;The答案1.located2.existence3.widely4.from6.that7.collections8.held9.but10.representing解析：本文主要敘述了位于倫敦布盧姆斯伯里地區(qū)的大英博物它是第一個致力于人類歷史、藝術和文的國家公共博物館且收取費用。1.located【析】考查詞性轉換belocatedin...固定搭配意“坐落于,位于”,本為從句“whichislocatedin…”的省略句去了whichis,故填locatedexistence【解析】考查詞性轉,意它的永久藏品數(shù)量大約為800萬使成為現(xiàn)存的最大的博物館之一inexistence為固定短語意為“存”。widely【解析】考查副詞。修飾詞sourced應用詞作狀,故widely。from【解析】考查介詞。from...to...固定搭意為“從……到…”。句:它來源廣,錄了人類文化從開始到現(xiàn)在的故事。故填fromthe【解析】考査冠詞theUnitedKingdom為定用意為“英國”故the。that【解析】考查定語從句。分句子成分可,句中的itsmost是行,空在定語從句中作主語指物,且先行詞被形容詞高級修所以要用that引導定語從句。collection