國際貿(mào)易實務（英文版）（第二版）ppt周瑞琪2.Trade Terms

InternationalTradeTermsChapterTwo2.1ThreesetsofrulesWarsaw-OxfordRules1932RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions1941InternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTerms20002SEIBofGDUFSWarsaw-OxfordRules1932Initiallyin1928---“WarsawRules,1928”22provisionsgoverningtherightsandobligationsofthepartiestoasaleofgoodsonCIF(Cost,InsuranceandFreight)contractterms.Revisedin1932---the“Warsaw-OxfordRules1932”21provisionsagainmainly

aboutCIF3SEIBofGDUFSRevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions1941Defines6terms:ExPointofOriginFOB(freeonboard)FAS(freealongside)6variantsofFOBFOB(namedinlandcarrieratnamedinlandpointofdeparture)FOB(namedinlandcarrieratnamedinlandpointofdeparture)FreightPrepaidto(namedpointofexportation)FOB(namedinlandcarrieratnamedinlandpointofdeparture)FreightAllowedto(namedpointofexportation)FOB(namedinlandcarrieratnamedinlandpointofexportation)FOBVessel(namedportofshipment)≈Incoterms’FOBFOB(namedinlandpointincountryofimportation)C&F(CostandFreight)CIF(Cost,InsuranceandFreight)ExDock(NamedPortofImportation)4SEIBofGDUFSInternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTerms2000

(Incoterms2000)1936---firstcreatedbyInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)Thepurposesofincoterms:TogivethebusinessmenasetofinternationalrulesfortheinterpretationofthemostcommonlyusedtradetermsToclarifytheobligationsofthebuyerandthesellerTosimplifythecontractnegotiationsTosavetimeandcostRevisedin1953、1967、1976、1980、1990、2000Incoterms2000includes13termsunder4groups5SEIBofGDUFS2.2BasicsofIncoterms20002.2.1ScopeofGovernancePartiesinvolved:concerningonly2parties--seller&buyerDocumentapplied:onlytothecontractofsaleSpecificaspectsgoverned:onlysettlemattersconcerningthedeliveryoftangibles

goodssold

FocusingonlyonthedeliveryoftangiblegoodsDeliveryalsoindicatingthetransferofobligations,costandriskdistributionbetweentheparties6SEIBofGDUFS2.2.1ScopeofGovernanceObligationObligation--alegaldutytodosomethingaccordingtoacertainagreement.universallyacceptedobligation,eg:theseller--providegoodsinconformitywiththecontractThebuyer--paythepriceasstipulatedinthecontractotherobligations:handlethecustomsclearance,carriageofgoods,insurance7SEIBofGDUFS2.2.1ScopeofGovernanceCostlocalandoverseastransportationandinsurancecostsgoodscheckingandinspectionexpenses,customsclearancechargesloadingandunloadingchargesofthegoodsatsomeparticulartransportpointsTransferofrisk“Risk”referstoaccidentaldamagetothegoods.time:whendoestheriskpassfromthesellerstothebuyers?8SEIBofGDUFS2.2.2CategorizationofTerms13termsintofourcategories"E"-term—theselleronlymakesthegoodsavailabletothebuyerattheseller'sownpremises."F"-terms—theselleriscalledupontodeliverthegoodstoacarrierappointedbythebuyer."C"-terms—thesellerhastocontractforcarriage,butwithoutassumingtheriskoflossordamagetothegoodsoradditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringaftershipmentordispatch."D"-terms—thesellerhastobearallcostsandrisksneededtobringthegoodstotheplaceofdestination.

9SEIBofGDUFSIncoterms2000GroupEDepartureEXWExWorks(…namedplace)工廠交貨（…指定地點）GroupF

MainCarriageunpaidFCAFreeCarrier(…namedplace)貨交承運人（…指定地點）FASFreeAlongsideShip(…namedportofshipment)船邊交貨（…指定裝運港）FOBFreeonBoard(…namedportofshipment)船上交貨（…指定裝運港）GroupC

MainCarriagepaidCFRCostandFreight(…namedportofdestination)成本加運費（…指定目的港）CIFCost,InsuranceandFreight(…namedportofdestination)成本、保險費加運費（…指定目的港）CPTCarriagePaidto(…namedplaceofdestination)運費付至（…指定目的地）CIPCarriageandInsurancePaidto(…namedplaceofdestination)運費保險費付至（…指定目的地）GroupD

ArrivalDAFDeliveredatFrontier(…namedplace)邊境交貨（…指定地點）DESDeliveredExShip(…namedportofdestination)目的港船上交貨（…指定目的港）DEQDeliveredExQuay(…namedportofdestination)目的港碼頭交貨（…指定目的港）DDUDeliveredDutyUnpaid(…namedplaceofdestination)未完稅交貨（…指定目的地）DDPDeliveredDutyPaid(…namedplaceofdestination)完稅后交貨（…指定目的地）10SEIBofGDUFS11SEIBofGDUFS2.2.3BriefofIncoterms

The“E”term(EXW)Seller’sobligationmin.Placingthegoodsatthedisposalofthebuyerattheagreedplace–usuallyhisownpremisesInpractice,alsoincludingassistingthebuyerinloadingthegoodsonthebuyer’scollectingvehiclewithoutchargingaloadingfeeForthebuyertogetlowerprice,buttoodemandingforhim,thereforeonlyappliedtobuyershavingoffshorebranches12SEIBofGDUFSEXWDelivery:atseller’spremisesTransferofrisks:goodsatthedisposalofthebuyerPackagingandloading:Usu.sellernoobligationforexportpackagingandloading;ExportcustomsclearanceUsu.buyer’sresponsibility,sometimesbuyerdoitforbuyer,butbearnorisks13SEIBofGDUFSThe“F”terms(FCA,FAS,FOB)

ShipmentcontractSellerdeliversthegoodsforcarriageasinstructedbythebuyerbuyerpaysfreightandsignscarriagecontractwithcarrierandnotifysellerFAS&FOBonlyforseaorinlandwaterwaytransportationmodeSeller’sobligation,costandrisktransferstobuyerafterdeliveryofthegoodsSeller–exportinglicenseandexportcustomsclearanceBuyer–importinglicenseandimportcustomsclearance14SEIBofGDUFSFCAFreeCarrier(….Namedplace)Transferofrisks

goodsatthedisposalofthe(1st)carrierDeliverypointIfatseller’ssite,sellerresponsibleforloadingIfanywhereelse,sellerresponsiblefordeliveringthegoodstothepointrequired,butnotresponsibleforunloadingorreloading15SEIBofGDUFSFASFreeAlongsideShip(…namedportofshipment)Deliverypoint:atportofshipmentTransferofrisk:goodsputalongsidethevesselIf

vesselunabletoentertheportduetoforcemajeure,thesellerisresponsibleforarrangingandpayingforthelighterstosendthegoodsalongsidethevesseloffshore.(sellerpaysforlightercharges)16SEIBofGDUFSFOB

FreeonBoard(…namedportofshipment)Deliverypoint:atportofshipmentTransferofrisks:goodspassovertheship’srailCostandobligation:thesellerispayingforthenecessaryhandlingofgoodsuntiltheyareloadedonboardthevessel.Strictlyspeaking,transferofrisks≠transferofobligationandcost17SEIBofGDUFSThe“C”terms（CFR,CIF,CPT,CIP）ShipmentcontractsSellercontractforcarriageonusualtermsathisownexpense.CFR&CIFonlyforseaorinlandwaterwaytransportationmodeUnderCIFandCIP,selleralsotakesoutinsuranceandinsurancecost.18SEIBofGDUFSThe“C”terms（CFR,CIF,CPT,CIP）Two“critical”pointsPort(place)ofshipment–towhichthebuyertakesovertherisksPort(place)ofdestination–towhichthesellerisboundtoarrangeandbearthecostsofacontractofcarriageNote:

Exceptionofcontainertransport:thecontainershiphasnorail,deliveryisfulfilledwhenthegoodsarehandedovertothecontainercarrier.19SEIBofGDUFSCFR

CostandFreight(…namedportofdestination)ShareseveryfeaturewithFOBexceptforoceanfreightchargeFreightatseller’scostSellerpaythenormaltransportcostforthecarriageofthevesselbyausualrouteandinacustomarymannertotheagreedplaceBuyertaketheriskoflossordamagetothegoodsandadditionalcostsresultingfromeventsoccurringafterthedeliveryofthegoodsObligation:seller’sresponsibilityforbookingshippingspaceandgettergoodsreadyforshipmentinduetimetonotifytobuyeraboutthedeliveryofgoods(Shippingadvice)soastofacilitatebuyertofulfillinsuranceproceduresNote:notificationismoreimportantunderCFRthanunderFOBandCIF20SEIBofGDUFSCIF

Cost,InsuranceandFreight(…namedportofdestination)OnestepforwardfromCFRInsurancebornbysellerInsuranceforthebuyerThesellerpaysfortheinsurance,buthedoesnottaketheriskofthecargo.Sellerresponsiblefor“min.coverage”Ifrequiredbybuyerandatbuyer’sexpense,additionalcoveragesuchaswar,strikecanbeaddedSellerhasnoresponsibilitytoguaranteethearrivalofthegoodsatthedestination.21SEIBofGDUFSCPTCarriagePaidto(…namedplaceofdestination)CPTissimilartoCFRDifferences:ModeoftransportCPT–anymodeCFR–SeaorInlandWaterwayDeliverypointCPT–inlandplaceorportofshipmentCFR–portofshipmentTransferofrisksCPT–goodsdeliveredtocarrierCFR–goodspassovership’srail22SEIBofGDUFSCIPCarriageandInsurancePaidto(…namedplaceofdestination)CIPissimilartoCIFDifferences:ModeoftransportCIP–anymodeCIF–seaorinlandwaterwayDeliverypointCIP–InlandplaceorportofshipmentCIF–portofshipmentTransferofrisksCIP–goodsatthedisposalofcarrierCIF–goodspassingship’srailFreightandinsuranceCIP–wholejourneyfreightandinsuranceCIF–voyagefreightandinsurance23SEIBofGDUFSThe“D”terms（DAF,DES,DEQ,DDU,DDP）Arrivalcontracts–sellerbearallrisksandcostsinbringingthegoodstotheagreedplaceorpointofdestinationattheborderorwithinthecountryofimport.Seller’sresponsibilitymax.DES&DEQonlyforseaorinlandwaterwaytransportationmodeSellerresponsibleforbothexportandimportcustomsclearanceunderDDP24SEIBofGDUFSDAFDeliveredatFrontier(…namedplace)Onlysuitablefortradebetweenneighboringcountrieswhohaveinlandborders.Deliverypoint:inlandplaceatfrontierclearedstipulatedinthecontractTransferofrisks:goodsatthedisposalofthebuyeratfrontier25SEIBofGDUFSDESDeliveredexShip(…namedportofdestination)DESsimilartoCIFDifferences:PlaceofdeliveryDES–portofdestination,CIF–portofshipmentTransferofrisksDES–goodsatthedisposalofbuyeronboardthevesselattheportofdestinationCIF–goodspassovership’srailattheportofshipmentObligationandcostDES–sellerresponsibleforfreight,insuranceandanyothercostsuntilthegoodsarriveatthenamedportofdestinationCIF–selleronlyresponsiblefornormalfreightandmin.insurance26SEIBofGDUFSDEQDeliveredexQuay(…namedportofdestination)OnestepforwardfromDESDifference:UnderDEQ,sellersmustalsounloadthegoodsandplaceonthewharf(quay),soTransferofrisks:DEQ–goodsatthedisposalofbuyeronthequayattheportdestinationDES–goodsatthedisposalofbuyeronboardthevesselattheportdestinationObligationandcostDEQ–sellerresponsibleforunloadingchargesfromthevesseltothequayDES–nounloadingisinvolved27SEIBofGDUFSSimilartoCIPDifferences:PlaceofdeliveryDDU–inlandplaceintheimportingcountryCIP–inlandplaceintheexportingcountryTransferofrisksDDU–goodsatthedisposalofbuyerCIP–goodsatthedisposalofthecarrier

ObligationandcostDDU–sellerresponsibleforallcostsandrisksbeforethecompletionofdeliveryCIP–selleronlyresponsiblefornormalfreightandmin.insuranceDDUDelivereddutyUnpaid(…namedplaceofdestination)28SEIBofGDUFSDDP–seller’sobligationmax.:sellerprovidesa“door-to-door”deliveryandbearstheentireriskoflossuntilthegoodsareplacedinthebuyer’spremises.UnlikeDDU,sellersmustalsoresponsibleforimportcustomsclearanceandotherpaymentsofdomesticdutiesintheimportingcountryAppliedunlessthesellerhastheresourcesandcapabilitytohandlealltheprocedures.DDPDeliveredDutyPaid(…namedplaceofdestination)29SEIBofGDUFSTradeTermsPlaceofDeliveryDivisionofRisksEx.clearanceContractofIm.clearanceModeoftransportcarriageinsuranceEXWSeller’spremisesGoodsatthedisposalofbuyerBBBBAnymodeFCAInlandplaceorportofshipmentGoodsatthedisposalofcarrierSBBBAnymodeFASPortofshipmentGoodsplacedalongsidethevesselSBBBSeaorinlandwaterwayFOBPortofshipmentGoodspasstheship’srailSBBBSeaorinlandwaterwayCFRPortofshipmentGoodspasstheship’srailSSBBSeaorinlandwaterwayCIFPortofshipmentGoodspasstheship’srailSSSBSeaorinlandwaterwayCPTInlandplaceorportofshipmentGoodsatthedisposalofcarrierSSBBAnymodeCIPInlandplaceorportofshipmentGoodsatthedisposalofcarrierSSSBAnymodeDAFInlandpointorplaceatthefrontierGoodsatthedisposalofbuyerSSSBAnymodeDESPortofdestinationGoodsatthedisposalofbuyeronboardthevesselSSSBSeaorinlandwaterwayDEQPortofdestinationGoodsatthedisposalofbuyeronthequaySSSBSeaorinlandwaterwayDDUInlandplaceintheimportingcountryGoodsatthedisposalofbuyerSSSBAnymodeDDPInlandplaceintheimportingcountryGoodsatthedisposalofbuyerSSSSAnymodeIntercoms2000GroupAnalysis30SEIBofGDUFSVariationFOBLinerTerms(FOB班輪條件）FOBUnderTackle(FOB吊鉤下交貨）

FOBStowed&Trimmed (FOB理艙，平艙費在內(nèi)）CFR/CIFLinerTerms（班輪條件）CFR/CIFLanded（卸至碼頭）CFR/CIFExTackle（吊鉤下交接）CFR/CIFExShip’sHold（艙底交接）Sellerpays:LeastMostMostLeast31SEIBofGDUFSImportantNote ThevariationoftransportcostbearingDOESNOTchangethenatureoftheterm:theriskimplicationremainssameallthetime.32SEIBofGDUFS2.3Applicationissues2.3.1CustomsClearanceReferringtoboththepaymentofdutyandtheperformanceofanyadministrativemattersEXW---buyersforbothimportandexportcustomsclearanceDDP---sellersforbothimportandexportcustomsclearanceForotherterms,buyersforimportcustomsclearancewhilesellersforexportcustomsclearance33SEIBofGDUFS2.3Applicationissues2.3.2QualityConfirmationSeller’sexpensetocovercheckingoperations:qualitycontrolduringtheproduction,measuring,weighingandcountingathetimeofdeliveryBuyer’snecessitytoinspectthegoodsbeforetakingdelivery,hencehemustpaypre-shipmentinspectionSellerpayanycostsofinspectionsmandatedbythelocalauthoritieswhichisnormallypartofcustomsclearance34SEIBofGDUFS2.3Applicationissues2.3.3AppropriationReferringtotheactofsettingapartsomethingforparticularusage,totheexclusionofallotheruses.Oneofthec